2. Air Barrier Paper
White polyolefin sheet material that is permeable to water vapor but not
to liquid water or air to help prevent air leaks through cracks around
windows and doors and gaps in the construction
3. Attic Ventilation
Ventilated to allow water vapor to escape and keep house cooler in
summer by preventing buildup of solar heat conducted through the
roofing and roof sheathing
4. Backhoe- Right Side, Width of Bucket 3’
piece of excavating equipment consisting of a digging bucket on the end
of a 2-part articulated arm
5. Batter Boards
A temporary frame built just outside the corner of an excavation to carry
marks that lie on the surface planes of the basement that will be in the
excavation
6. Brick Arches- A form of construction in which masonry
units span an opening by transferring vertical loads
laterally to adjacent voussoirs and, thus, to the
abutments.
Left-Top: Segmental Arch with keystone (The voussoir located at the crown of the arch. Also called the key)
Left-Bottom: Pointed Arch
Right: Segmental Arch
7. Brick Bonds- Types
Left- Flemish: Stretcher and Headers alternating within a course
Right- Running: Stretchers (Most Common)
9. Brick Sizes
Smaller Brick – Roman Brick – 3.5” x 1-5/8” x 11.5”
Larger Brick – Modular Brick – 3.5” x 2.25” x 7.5”
10. Bulldozer
A tractor-driven machine usually having a broad blunt horizontal
blade used to push large quantities of soil, sand, or rubble
during construction work
13. Code Requirements
Bedroom Window
Window Measurements: IRB Requirements:
Sill height: 20“ Sill Height: </= 44”
Width: 31.5“ Width: 34.25”
Height: 37.5“ Height: 24”
Our window is on the 3rd floor and would not be
considered a means of egress.
15. Concrete Joints – Control Joint
A control joint is an intentional, linear discontinuity in a structure or component, designed
to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces so as
to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure.
16. Concrete Joints: Isolation Joint
An isolation joint is a joint that isolates the concrete slab
from other things around it to prevent from cracking under
pressure.
17. Concrete Masonry Unit or CMU
block of hardened concrete, with or without hollow coves, designed to
be laid in the same manner as a brick or stone; standard dimensions are
8’’ x 8’’ x 16’’
20. Doors- Transom and Sidelight
Transom: the term given to a transverse beam or bar in a frame, or to the
crosspiece separating a door or the like from a window above it
Sidelight: A tall, narrow window alongside a door
21. Meter
Electrical Components
Transformer Box: electrical device that changes the voltage of alternating current.
Meter: box that measures the power usage of a building.
Duplex Receptacle: Electrical wall outlet with space for two plugs.
Service Head: the fitting that is placed on the service drop
22. Framing Elements
1- Anchor Bolt 4-Subflooring 7- Top Plate
2- Sill Plate 5- Sole Plate
3- Floor Joist 6-Stud
24. Framing Elements: Definitions
1) Anchor bolt – a bolt embedded in concrete for the purpose of fastening a building
frame to a concrete or masonry foundation
2) Sill plate – strip of wood that lies immediately on top of a concrete or masonry
foundation
3) Floor joist – closely spaced beams used to support a floor
4) Subflooring – the load-bearing surface beneath a finish floor
5) Sole plate – horizontal piece of dimension lumber at the bottom of the studs in a
wall
6) Stud – small, closely spaced parallel wall framing members
7) Top plate – horizontal member at the top of a stud wall
8) Ceiling joist – closely spaced beams used to support a ceiling
9) Rafter – framing member that runs up and down the slope of a steep roof
10) Roof decking – material used to span across beams or joists to create a roof
surface
11) Sheathing – rough covering applied to outside of roof
12) Stringer – sloping wood or steel member that supports the treads of a stair
25. Front-End Loader
a type of wheeled tractor that has a front mounted wide bucket connected to
the end of two arms to scoop up dirt, sand, or gravel and move it from one
place to another without pushing the material across the ground
27. Heat Pump
Air Handling Unit: Works like a refrigerator in reverse and will extract
heat from outside air even though air is cool.
28. Heat Pump
Compressor/ Condenser: Return air enters through the base of the unit,
where it is filtered. From there, a fan forces the air through the elements
heated by gas flames and through a cooling coil at the top of the unit.
29. Advantage and Disadvantage of Heat
Pumps
• HEAT PUMPS PAY THEIR OWN WAY
Heat pump models are available at a nominal additional cost.
In many locales, the payback is realized in just a few months.
The following information can help you determine if a Heat
Pump makes sense for you.
• Air source heat pumps perform much better in mild
temperate. In climates with extended periods of freezing
temperatures, air-source heat pumps have large
limitations, compelling users to use electric or gas heaters.
31. Lintel- A beam that carries the load of
a wall across a window or door
opening
32. Mortar Joint- flush
This Mortar joint was troweled and it was on the chimney of a house.
Size= 3/8”
Mortar Type: M
33. Mortar Joints- Concave
This Mortar joint was tooled and it is on the side of Coldwater Creek
Clothing store.
Size= 3/8”
Mortar Type: M
34. Oriented Strand Board
a building panel composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in
specific directions and bonded together under pressure.
How it’s made: Long wood particles that are compressed and glued into
three to five layers. OSB is generally stronger and stiffer than other wood
panels.
35. Plumbing
Left – Lavatory – requires 1-½” drain pipe
Right – Water closet – requires 3” drain pipe
36. Plumbing continued
Bottom Left – Plumbing Roof Vent – ****
Top Center – Kitchen drop-in sink
Bottom Right – Bathtub prior to Gypsum board installation
37. Plywood panels are made up of thin wood veneers glued together. The grain
on the front and back face veneers runs in the same direction, while the grain in
one or more interior crossbands runs in the perpendicular direction. There is
always an odd number of layers in plywood, which equalizes the effects of
moisture movement.
Veneer is a thin layer, sheet, or facing.
39. This #4 rebar is ½” in diameter.
Rebar The deformations rolled into the surface
of rebar help it to bond tightly to concrete
40. Steep Roof Drainage
Gutter – a channel that collects rainwater and snowmelt at the eave of a roof
to help bring it away from the building
Downspout – a vertical pipe for conducting water from a roof to a lower level
Splash block – small precast block of concrete or plastic used to divert water
at the bottom of the downspout
41. Underlayment – a
layer of waterproof
material such as tar
paper between roof Shingle – a small unit
sheathing and of water-resistant
roofing to help keep material nailed in
water from getting overlapping fashion
into the building. with many other such
units to render a wall
or sloping roof
watertight; to apply
Steep Roof Materials shingles
42. Metal Panel Roof
Today’s metal panel roof,
like the one shown in our
picture, is typically made
of galvanized steel
Steep Roof Materials
continued
43. Gable Roof
Hip Roof
Gambrel
Roof
Steep Roof Shapes
45. Steep Roof Terms - Definitions
• Ridge – the level intersection of 2 roof planes in a gable
roof
• Valley – trough formed by the intersection of 2 roof
slopes
• Fascia – the exposed vertical surface of an eave
• Eave – horizontal edge at the low side of a sloping roof
• Rake – sloping edge of a steep roof
• Soffit – undersurface of a horizontal building element
of a building, especially the underside of a roof
overhang
47. Vapor Retarder – a continuous sheet, as nearly
seamless as possible, of plastic sheathing or some other
material that is highly resistant to water vapor.
The effect of the vapor retarder is to diminish the flow of air and vapor
through the building assembly, preventing the moisture from reaching the
point in the assembly where it would condense. It is installed on the warmer
side of the insulation layer (warm-in-winter).
48. Waterproofing
The application of one or more layers of membrane that act as a barrier
between the water and the building structure, preventing the passage of
water. A building or structure needs waterproofing as concrete itself will not
be watertight on its own. OURS IS LOOSLEY LAID.
49. Weep Hole
A small opening whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that
accumulates inside a building component or assembly
50. Welded Wire Fabric
a grid of steel rods that are welded together, used to reinforce a concrete
slab
51. Window - Sliding
The stable construction allows sliding windows to be designed in an almost
unlimited range of sizes and proportions. This window was found in a habitat
for Humanity house and is being used because they are cheap and easy to
install.
52. Window – Single Hung
Has one moving track that slides up and down. This window was found
in an apartment complex and is used because it is cheap and easy to
install.
53. Window - Awning
Awning windows can be broad but are not usually very tall. This window
was found on the bottom floor of Parker Hall and was used so the
window can be in open position during rainstorms.
