1. 这样 们 间 虽 你 让 觉
样 远 对你视 见 晚 车 轮
转啊转 对别 兴 踮 适应
发 响 惊 对
应 时 发 复问 简单 问题 “
” 须 认 “ ” 则 见 们
语 闭 们 魇
http://www.cnautism.com

3.
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4.
• Neurodevelopmental disorder
• A strong genetic basis
• Diagnosed before 3 years old
• Characterized by:
– Impairment in social interaction
– Impairment in communication
– Restricted, perseverative behaviors, interests, and
activities
4

5. • Clinical Features
• Etiology
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Prognosis
5

6.
• Aberrant
social
interaction
• Impaired behavior
• Verbal ability
• Intellectual function
6

7.
• Aberrant social
interaction
• Impaired
behavior
• Verbal ability
• Intellectual function
7

8.
• Aberrant social
interaction
• Impaired behavior
• Verbal ability
• Intellectual
function
8

9. • Prevalence: 0.15-34/10,000
• ♂ :♀=2.6-5.7:1
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10. • Genetic influence
– 60–90% concordance rate for monozygotic twins
– 0% concordance rate for dizygotic twins
• Nerve cells cannot make contact
– Genes: NLGN3 & NLGN4X
– Proteins: neuroligin-3 & neuroligin-4
×Refrigerator mothers
×Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine
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11.
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12. “
”
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13. •
•
•
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14.
A. A total of 6 (or more) items from (1),(2), and (3), with at least 2 from (1) and 1 each from (2) and (3):
– 1. Qualitative impairment in social interaction, as manifested by at least 2 of the following:
• a. Marked impairment in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviors, such as eye-to-eye gaze, facial
expression, body postures, and gestures to regulate social interaction
• b. Failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to developmental level
• c. Lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment, interests, or achievements with other people (e.g., by a
lack of showing, bringing, or pointing out objects of interest)
• d. Lack of social or emotional reciprocity
– 2. Qualitative impairments in communication, as manifested by at least 1 of the following:
• a. Delay in, or total lack of, development of spoken language (not accompanied by an attempt to compensate
through alternative modes of communication, such as gesture or mime)
• b. In individuals with adequate speech, marked impairment in ability to initiate or sustain a conversation with
others
• c. Stereotyped and repetitive use of language or idiosyncratic language
• d. Lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe play or social imitative play appropriate to developmental level
– 3. Restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities, as
manifested by at least 1 of the following:
• a. Encompassing preoccupation with ≥1 stereotyped and restricted pattern of interest that is abnormal in
either intensity or focus
• b. Apparently inflexible adherence to specific, nonfunctional routines or rituals
• c. Stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms (e.g., hand or finger flapping or twisting or complex whole
body movements)
• d. Persistent precoccupation with parts of objects
B. Delay or abnormal functioning in at least 1 of the following areas, with onset < age 3 yr:(1) social
interaction,(2) language as used in social communication, or (3) symbolic or imaginative play
C. The disturbance is not better accounted for by Rett disorder or childhood disintegrative disorder
From Parental report of diagnosed autism in children aged 4–17 years—United States, 2003–2004. MMWR 2006;55:481; American Psychiatric Association:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text revision (DSM-IV-TR, 2000). Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Association, 2000. 14

15. • Cognitive behavioral therapy
• Familial therapy
• Sensory, auditory therapy
• Pharmacotherapy
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17. 17

18. • A lifelong, chronic disability
• 5–17% of individuals with autism can work and live
independently as adults
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