1. UX NI
¡ÒÃãªé§Ò¹àº×éͧµé¹
Íҹѹ·ì ÊÕËì¾Ô·Ñ¡Éìà¡ÕÂõÔ
ÀÒ¤ÇÔªÒÇÔÈÇ¡ÃÃÁ¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃì ÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂàªÕ§ãËÁè

2. !#$
%
%'($#)
* +,

3. -$

4. .

6. !/01%2
$-
0,1#!-!/

7. -322 #

8. 0
% %
$*#-

9. 4-$11

10. *2
% #

11. $*#-2#5
#

12. 2)

13. 2-$5

14. .
%
)

15. +,1
*
$ ! )6

16. %
7
0)
,-)
8$))+$0)-$5)++-
)
/
9:;=?@AABAC79AD7E;F7E7GH

17. !

18. #$%
' ()

19. *+ ,- -%

20. ./!

21. '
-$0%()11
%0'03%/ .%
! % $0!%-4

22. 2

23. .

24. !
'
()

25. /./3
5
%-
%
67' $08+
()3
*3121
./!
3/
9
.)
0/
33
:'
'
3 $0
/ 9

26. )/

27. :
'%
%/#53; () '%/
!(-0(!3
!3

28. )
=$03- !$$!'
/

29. )

30. ?@? ,- - ?A?
?@B%-.%
#
!
?A?
?@C.:=
-!
?AB
?@D5.
!
?AB
?@E5.
FGHIJKLHM ?AC

31. B@?NLOGP$0NLOLQK BA?
B@B0
.
3% R0S
/:

32. BA?

33. B@C.
TGHIJKLHM

35. BAD
B@D.
3% UIHVGPWX$0QYIH

36. BAD
B@E.

37. -/

38. '%/
QYIH
BAE
B@Z.
[

39. BA

40. C@?.'R0S$0 +.%
03!
R0S CA?
C@B]HLJIYY CAC
.
'
3^

41. C@C]G_GPO CAD
C@D`aIXX %$bPcGHLPVIPK CAZ
A
./%$bPcGHLPVIPK
A`KWHKAQ_dGXIY

42. !#$%'()*)#$+,$)-*./0
D@?`Q_IHYIH DA?
D@B`aQKTLeP$0fIgLLK DA?
D@C3% QYIH$0OHLQ_

43. DA?
A03303!
QYIH$0TGYWgXIQYIH

44. DAC
D@DgWJhQ_!
0 ) DAD
A3/!R0S
D@EdGXIYMYKIV$0TGYh DAE
A
dGXIYMYKIV
AVLQPK$0QPVLQPKdGXIYMYKIV

45. 12304)
E@?5'
!
cG
EA?
E@B
cG

46. - EA?
E@C.
[iLVVWPTjLTI

47. / EAB
A.
0JQHYLH

49. EAB
A.
0

51. EAC
A.
$

53. EAD
A.
.'.

54. EAD
AiL_MkJQK$0]WYKI!.%
EAD
A.
[

56. EAE

57. 56/./6789:;:9
Z@? -% .

58. .!/3 ZA?
Z@BUIXPIK ZAB
Z@C_GPI ZAC
Z@DlU] ZAD

59. ! #$%
%

60. ! '
#(#
'##
)) (*$'#+
!

61. ,
#(#(
.
,
( *$'
- -
!
/0#! #%
'
10

62. ! , %23
%

63. 405
*(6
,
(
*'
-. - $

64. 789:9
8;9 =?9;@A,.'B/CDE
-
=?9;@A! 89:9.F
G
, 89:9 .! $(HI
G
=?9;@A (%
,.-(''J;K
'
J;K#F$
'
LMLNO(LMLN//,89:9
-
B /CO4J;KF$
,#,.G#'37@).

65. (#(% I
%#.
- -
!

66. ,J;K
! J;K% F! '
(#'
, #
,#G#'378PPQRSTU
F$
(
89:9
@VWQ , J;K
#(#6 #
,
(
-.
!
J;K, #
XAMJ;KYXQZ[QTQUAV]^_ZQM`P]Z`Sa]`VbJ;Kc).,#G#b`dQZP`]U
-.
V@_T`VZb`_ XQZ[QTQU J;K
e (
(# J;K '
#
,
- .
G#f#(#
L@% F%$,.( F$
(!
J;K'L@,.'KgJ;K
- -
'
(h 7 /CiE
KN^`bWV^ ,.!
' J;K jZ_kl`m PQZ
-
;b]QZ_mQ

67. 89:9
J;K,, #6
F AUP]QRnoQTQ_PQpYAnopc89:9
! -. .

68. ,
! ( q6,XAMJ;K(KgJ;K,5#! G
%! XAMJ;K KgJ;K% F! 'Anop ).%*(
(

69. ( 7
89:9 *$
,
! q, J;K .
rkQb AV]^_ZQ
-
sVabW_]`VbYrAsc,.#(
! q6, J;K,.5
*$
,,
- -
89:9
H

70. J;K
,.
#'A@rt?`bautAJNrAtMjNKtv(v(J;K#
-
#'
#$ F.
6'w`bWV^PJ9 ,
x J;K
x
###(#F
'
$ $
!

71. N G
J;K
%##6 (% F'
%##(
(#6G
-

72. N
J;K% F! '
6
#G
'J;K% F! '#'#
N J;K ##

73. '%$ % F! '
(x
6
I6
x
N % F! )) (% F6
6
N% F*'((#6(! (#6#
$

74. N (
! ,%6
*$' %.
- !
x # $('%#
!

75. N J;K
%%

76. ' ,# G#f
,#9@Ly;L)' ;J9goJg9
.
#$%
J;K-
#p%%! I#
#'()*'(+

77. #,+(-+.
zQZbQT%% I%,J;K%(
xG
,J;K(
!

78. !
% F, J;K 6 { %
!
x zQZbQT ,%$#
- -
! (J;K. !
#/0+..
AlQTT
( *$'
zQZbQT(
! (
7|,J;K
*'AlQTT'
6J;K
XVaZbQAlQTTtzVZbAlQTT(@AlQTT
$
##1+(2(34('5
G
*' #
'
$
%
p, #
?_UQZ% $
-
PQZLZV}Z_R
AlQTT
zQZbQT
~_ZW^_ZQ
G % ,J;K
$
! ,('-% ).
(
(
'-#$
-
6$%78(+9:3(;
/ oVV]M`ZQm]VZU

79. ,G %
-
/bin
! %'6
x
/lib
xZabN]`RQT`SZ_ZU
/etc
xmVb`}( '
6,
!
/dev
xMQd`mQWZ`dQZ
/tmp
x,$(' (F$
(

80. -{
/var
x.
6, YPUP]QRTV}c' %
/home
xW`ZQm]VZU ,*$'6
/usr
xG
(! %6
'
*$'
(#6
/usr/local
'
xG
%
!

81. !#

82. !
#$% '

83. (
)*+,-./
0#$%
' !
'
+ #1234 562,7511839.:
)
+*. '*
'
; : =

84. Linux 2.0.9 (alphar.intanon.nectec.or.th) (ttyp0)
alphar login: arnan
Password:
Last login: Tue Nov 12 19:25:20 from atec.intanon.nec
Linux 2.0.9.
alphar:~$

85. !

86. ?
+;
!
@
..,* ,'+
' *AB
?
/
C+C) *2E?/F?G36G?
A D ;
H
I
);#$%
1J?98
+
'+I
);
H. 736G?
/+
KLMF?'+ !1J?98 /N(
C+
+'
O/*
: ; @ 0 A A
OPQ
$%
'(
)*+,
-. /0123455343#6
278 )+9:-. ;3=#
/
)
),.) 93
KLM !
.'R,S+.:
932T?3U*
. !
'

87. F1
V..!;'R,S+*.
alphar:~$ ls
readme.tx_* rex.bat* temp/ unixbig.ppt* ver.dl_*
readme.wr_* rex.zip* unix.ppt* vbrun300.dl_*
F14F.!;,.,
.'R,S+*.

89. !
!

90. !! ! #$
%

91. % $

92. %% $$'

93. % (
!! (

94. F145
#$%
'R,S+!0
*.WPXY;*

95. Z992 [F20
+Y:J992 [F2
;
/,
']. !G? 45*.
alphar:~$ ls -a
./ .less readme.wr_* unix.ppt*
../ .lessrc rex.bat* unixbig.ppt*
.bash_history .term/ rex.zip* vbrun300.dl_*
.kermrc readme.tx_* temp/ ver.dl_*
?238' )'@)9:-. /;3=#
) [F2 !
'R,+
932T?3U
+
!
*.
A S
alphar:~$ file *
readme.tx_: data
readme.wr_: data
rex.bat: ascii text
rex.zip: zip archive file - version 1.0
temp: directory
unix.ppt: data
unixbig.ppt: data
vbrun300.dl_: data
ver.dl_: DOS executable (EXE)

96. A=B8'=B-. /
: !)
/+;
TGU
KLM);
!#$
!
LG?
'
43 TGU1^4932T?3U*.
4_ _23^124);`,
*.
*. !
!
alphar:~/temp$ cp -v c* ..
cloneo_u.ic_ - ../cloneo_u.ic_
clonex_u.ic_ - ../clonex_u.ic_
)a)*
)
KLM
! *.*
'R,S'R,S *.*
#$% /+.Y0
;
'R,S'R,S+
);/+.
#$% !*
'R,S'R,S
C4D8++-. E:*F +':-. /
/
)
+ !
/+
) TG.'++LG? 43
:
;
G48 -. /
: !
);
%
'( !
LG? +
/+
) TG
@ ;
G=5#8'D3H-. /
)
/+;
) ?UG2
KLM); !:+:,
'R,S !

97. :
)
'( !

98. A
'(
);3=#
ABH;8' )IE;3=#F
(($
*. !
'
alphar:~$ pwd
/home/arnan
A=;8'*F +;3=#
: !
);
*
*%+%,
AA4J;8' ;3=#
: !
);
-*%
'(*%+%,.
'(
*%+%,
/
LG?
)4G
aA /
932T?3U',/,.!
; 0
AC4;' ;3=#
: !
/+;
6b93].932T?3UY:,
'++'R,S.: Y
,932T?3U'+*
+Y !) 3643'0 /`,
/+;
) 92F?32291
C
'(
)*+,
K3452 !

99. 73
C7##'E)$L %
I@9:K3452
)
)
++ #$% +. +.
!
.* ?236 5F

100. 0 A
C*
) #$%
C !
?236 5F C*
++./,/,. /,.+c
)H
; ; : :
+A+
@
*.
!
*
/
)*+*=+CA
N(
!
d
+'+' !)
,*.
*
!
/
)=+CA
N(
e
CA+CD
*,
!
#$%
+++/
0
e
CA+CD
'+Y);+^5Tb41G5T2
*,+
,*+
= : =
'+.+,
+Y']. !) '
stty erase Hit the backspace key

101. CHM'*+)N,%2:+N!
*. !
!
alphar:~$ who
root tty1 Jan 11 13:55
arnan ttyp0 Jan 11 12:52 (atec.intanon.nec)
guest tty3 Jan 11 13:56
*.+123f)
, !
.)3?g53 5 ,21?
: ;
CAB577H;'*F +B577H;
)
,.
/`
/+
+Y ']. !) G51189
].+
/
e
/`
A+
,*Y+/ /+ ].+
Y+
) /CA+CD
' /
/+;
) YCA+CD'+
/+;
+
'+.+
,.
/ *.'
/
/@
Y0 !)
G51189
#$%'!
#$%($
alphar:~$ passwd
Changing password for arnan #$%($)'*#%
Enter old password:
Enter new password:
Re-type new password:
Password changed.
G
I@)I: : !E,73
GH#3' 9:,%-FE73:'*::+N
: !
);
write user-name
Message …
^D
+;CA+CD
@@+YCA+CD)*+ / 123 ,.@'
+;
C
,*@].h ?3F4K

102. G437'E),I:*F@)
I@)I:(ON:E:-%
)
'+ / )+*
H ,
!
'+ / )
621152+/
+Y !)621/
'].+ !
Q)

103. : ;
mesg n
mesg y
:
/`: !)
;
'++Y)*+0
+
' *
:

104. .
,A)
);
aA /`: !
A+'
;
GA#52J'I@)I: 9:,%$+
)
),.) 83?2 )*+/
F 24^932T? 5F )+Y

105. ;
)*+]
': !

106. talk user-name
+;`: !)
!) ?5Fb'/ )`: !,. !) ?5Fb
,*.A0Y;
*+:HD,)*+0
A+0
GC452' ()E%+:@* :@ /0384526
i465F

107. A')*+
A.+

108. .+
%$jik$ij 2465F
,*Y0
.

109. C.-.
);
.*
A
'*

110. A
*/
0
+.
!) 65F
,/+.].+
:
Y/+. 65F123 562
Y
/+. 65F
!) 65F
/+.
+,(H
!
*.
alphar:~# mail arnan
Subject: testmail
Hello,
This is a test mail for you.
bye,
root
.
*.
/+.'.`: !+! F * 53 5 *
M^l2T?
)/*

111. ; ;
;/
/+.V
`:+Y
/@
/*
/,
'
I/+.+
*
/,;);
*/+.
+YCA+CD'@' ].
+;
CA+CD
@,* /CA+CD*/,Y* /+
C/+.
;

112. +;
!) 65F
C;
/+.
+: G36G? ]+ 65F m:* no
+YCA+CD) ,''].)
'
0 ./+.+.:
12
3!4 !
,;/+.
].
/+.
,]. !) J
*
12
3!4 !,/+.
5 !
,,'#$%G36G?
d
+'+ !) 65F ,*
C+ !
'+* +]+
:
/+
+
]+')*+
A.++*/
0);G 20
N0(
A
;
%$jik$ij
P
*:I:Q
P=2358' 9:,%E(:@
P=528' )FR@@::%*'
alphar:~# cal
January 1997
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 31
+Y /
;
p'
!
alphar:~# cal 4 97
April 97
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30
/CA+CqAA
p
,.'
!
; D @

113. alphar:~# cal 97
97
January February March
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
29 30 31 26 27 28 26 27 28 29 30 31
April May June
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30
30
July August September
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
30 31
October November December
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31
PA5257'E)':* %:E
)
+].!
D)
+
H
+ !) ) /
0. /;) )
.*+, '.
+Y!;
+;
/)
/,
' : !
5F51

114. 5F51!;
+;
rs) s
.*.
!
5F5193rsF14Fs
*.
/
+YCA+CD) 93'].+)*+/+.
/+;
CA+CDF14F

115. !!
#$%'(
)*
+,-.

116. !
#$$ % '

117. find / -name “*arnan*” -print
(

118. ! *+,*, #-

119. ! / +001
)
.
23+4510+6

120. !%$#%!%!$ /
7 . 8
/0,10 '2 *3)45
# # (

121. !
#$$
!
!

122. which ls
( /- # # (9:(; ! 23+4510+6
1067.45' 89845

123. ! .=(!? -$$!?
.
. )
;
!( !!!( ?/-!@!
) ) ;
)
AB

124. /(CDE,4+FG
(; !
HB!CI+0JKFG LMNO

125. ! !( ! !

126. !/-!=.
)
) ;
)
.
(

127. % !)!#/! )! ?
@B CD1P4+FG! (A#-H

128. #$$%'

129. .=?! $ !@
.
ABQ4*2

130. !

131. #
$%'(

132. )*+

133. !,
! .=! $#-! - #- -!
.
)

134. !

135. .=.( / 9:G9
-rwxr-xr-x 1 arnan users 45270 Jan 11 13:01 unix.ppt*
) (RS)
# K4+T3::30, .=. R

136. #$$

137. @)!! . (( #-#-)!7!R@ # .=. )!
!
/
(U R#-!
!!
+V+4*2WEVE+314#-XV4X45J14

138. .=.(

139. ! 5PT02S;/-!
#$$
!())*)
) )+

140. chmod g+w test.txt
chmod o-r test.txt
chmod +x test.txt
#/-

141. %!.= #((! 14:1B1X1 $ Y+0JK /-
. .
$= ( ?C01P4+F#- !/-

142. %!.= 14:1B1X1$
. .
. .
@)!
( .= E+314 ( != /-!$
U . . .
.
! /- ?!$ !

143. /- =( 23+4510+6 ?

144. .
. .
14:1B1X1 23+4510+6YJ4:1

145. /- = $23+4510+6

146. =(
7 . .
. .
23+4510+6 YJ4:1

147. +EX+GXGGG #

148. /(/-!$ Y+0JK /-!!$
.

149. $ ?C01P4+FS!!#!#/- (! 23+4510+6 C!!.= F
;
.
:107/-3%)3;*
#- -$$ LMNO /-!

150. /(#-)!

151. !

152. /(#-)!(
? 9:G9

153. -rwxr-xr-x 1 arnan users 45270 Jan 11 13:01 unix.ppt*

154. #$$%'

155. ( J,3XBKK1!

156. /(

157. *+,*,#- !J:4+:

158. !

159. )

160. /( 5P0E, !
#$$
!

162. chown guest unix.ppt
(

163. /( J,3XBKK1

164. ! 90Y3, ,*T4 YJ4:1

165. Z%-

166. /(

167. /-#$$
(-

168. !

169. /(
#

170. /-

171. =

173. /(
. [.
?
#-

174. /-!!

175. /($!

176. (

177. /-

178. /( !

179. $

180. /!! ?

181. J,3XBKK1(

182. !

183. /(
#/-

184. !!#((! ?
10=?3%)=7@?*

185. Y+0JK
;?

186. !.
#$$ 7

187. ! $
5P0E,

188. chgrp student unix.ppt
(

189. ! J,3XBKK1

190. !

191. ! :1J24,1 !
)
. )
)

192. /-!
/.

193. !/-

194. ?
!
)!-$ /415Y+0JK
;
'A71BCC
-$$LMNO

195. !

196. -
/-

197. .

198. K+054::(; !#-K+054::/-!
!

199. (
-/ (! #-

200. !$)!K+054::

201. D45
4
3%EFG1H=7@-.

202. !

203. !!

204. ]*5^Y+0J,2

205. /-$!
LMNOK+0TK1#-!

206. _3,2

207. !

208. !#+00123+4510+6! !/-

209. !
#$$
.
!

210. ]*5^Y+0J,2
find / -name “*arnan*” -print

211. #$$%'

212. ?C454 ')?71BCC
)I

213. !

214. K+054:: (

215. K: S;/-
alphar:~$ ps
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
150 pQb 1 N 0:00 -bash
155 pQb 1 N 0:00 ps
( #

216. ! H G]*:P S! :P499 S/-
7
; ; ;
; (
K:7 K:

217. . `

218. !/- !/
!

219. (K+054::CaNbF

220. K+054::NbVAcd$Acc
H,JJ)38*?71BCC

221. !

222. . K+054:: (

223. ( #

224. /-$ aNb (
K+054:: K:

225. !

226. (aNb!#
7 ^399 )

227. kill 201
/( K+054::!aNb

228. HdA/-)
A,?,-=
a3,K3,Y

229. =

230. %= /
-! /-# ! K3K4
.
;

231. /-

232. !e4+135*9]*+fgh! ?#!
#!S
#!
;
;
/ #
67B454 'K!

233. /-!

234. !!
;
# !!/

235. . ; /

236. !!

237. 7 %=8
? T0+4

238. ls - l |more
cat /etc/passwd | more
#/-

239. ! $ 23+K bDi # !
-

240. # (!( 415K*::E2!-
=B?4542

241. !Y+4K

242. !

243. %
$$ /!
?!

244. ls -l | grep arnan
cat /etc/passwd |grep guest

245. #$$%'

246. #

247. #

248. Z%-$
! *+,*,

249. S;$
#
!/!
*+,*, /

250. /()!7
! /-#

251. Z%-$
! YJ4:1!
/1454
;#
'L !2
#

252. /-E5

253. !

254. $/ $ W R(%=8

255. alphar:~# ls -l |wc
7 60 422
( %=8
!/ $
9: G9 # ! CjF ! kd S;

256. / #-lHH/ R
:C7M4543)K
9

257. %=8 / ;!

258. $

259. /- :0+1

260. %=8
/- / 9:?
alphar:~# ls -l
total 4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Oct 12 05:51 INSTALL
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Oct 12 05:51 linux
drwx------ 2 root root 1024 Dec 3 15:30 mail/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 135 Dec 3 15:34 ppps.dip
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 53 Dec 3 15:47 pppconnect*
-rw------- 1 root root 51 Jan 11 20:24 dead.letter

261. !

262. !

263. /-
alphar:~# ls -l |sort +8
total 4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Oct 12 05:51 INSTALL
-rw------- 1 root root 51 Jan 11 20:24 dead.letter
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Oct 12 05:51 linux
drwx------ 2 root root 1024 Dec 3 15:30 mail/
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 53 Dec 3 15:47 pppconnect*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 135 Dec 3 15:34 ppps.dip
(

264. :0+1m, ,!

265. (509JT,/-

266. ! $/S!
.
( ! /-

267. .! $/ d #-

268. #$ 509JT,

269. /
!

270. /!
U

271. !

272. %.!0K130,G+

273. (

274. #$$%'

275. :N0BJJ
2
# %O-P,7-6B-M
$
;iP499

276. !n4+,49

277. ($
#!( iP499
/-!

278. ##!%/( # :P499

279. ! !
@
.
o+0J,4iP499C:PFWn0+,iP499C^:PF#-piP499C5:PF $o+0J,4iP499

280. iP499

281. !
!
.
#!#?#-

282. ! iP499 piP499/-

283. !!
. .
.# #-$$/-

284. iP499

285. .! $

286. :P499

287. .!

288. /-$ #-$$

289. /.?#

290. !

291. :P499!$:P499

292. !

293. #!
.
/-

294. !/

295. %-

296. :P499 S

297. ?

298. :P499 !
# :P499

299. !

300. /- 4X45

301. .
csh
exec sh
#

302. piP499S $:P499

303. !

304. o+0J,4iP499
.
# :P499

305. !
.
:2
2
# %O-P,7-6B-M
#
q,r3+0,T4,1

306. #
!
#!?

307. %$; -#-
-

308. (s-# !(t-

309. . (/s% Cu4+T3,*9 16K4FW W #
23+4510+6
v//)$

310. ! #

311. #$$
,-./01#2
(

312. 345
6!

313. '

314. +
718390:;.
,-./01#=6!

315. '

316. 718390:;.

317. export TERM=vt100
set term=vt100
(

318. . (/s%C14+T3,*9F

319. . !r1Add #
$o+0J,4Wn0+, $p:P499
:NMGMQ@?R,JBC

320. !#
q,r3+0,T4,1 -$)

321. w0Y3,

322. (
-$$

323. !

324. (

325. i1*+1GJK x394 S;? $ p0,_3YB:6: #-
yJ104X45B]*1 bDi

326. /-
,-./01#2
(

327. 6!

328. '

329. ,-./01#=6!

330. ' ?1#
!
,-./01#5
6!

331. '

332. ?1#$%71@A;.8BCD718390EFG

333. #$$%'

334. piP499 ! i1*+1GJK_394 H B90Y3,/-

335. 90Y3,

336. (!
)
B5:P+5 /- !

337. iP499!( !

338. !

339. 90Y3,# B90Y3,#-B5:P+5
)
;
/- #

340. piP499(; !!

341. Z%- B5:P+5/- n0+,iP499

342. !
B5:P+5 #
qMe

343. export ENV=$HOME/.kshrc
(

344. B^:P+5
23+4510+6 $ (

345. /-
)
!

346. n0+,iP499

347. !

348. !
#

349. $
%$'()

350. %*+,

351. -.'!0(
$/
#%$
/
(%
1,21
'

352. ! %
345678.() 79:+/44;

354. 45671,2
()=
%$+() !1

355. 1,.'1

356. !1,2

357. % ?!
#$%'!()*+,-+
(
@AB1
$/
#,C1

358. !

359. D44;1

360. !(EF

361. .GH4:;

362. /
34567H4:;$
1 %
,1

363. !$8.'

364. !() !676;I!
,!
/
C
?
%
,E!' 7 J 1,2'+1E()(%
+1
'

365. !%

366. $
#1
()1E K
/
1,2%
G;L4M7
+1EN1,2%
D44;'+1E

367. %+ .

368. ./!

369. '/$/%/+#?!
/
(
,%'+ @AB !

370. 1

371. 676; '
,%
()!%'%'!%
+!
O
/ / /
@AB)O'/!01)/(367P1
#() !G;L4M7QD44; !676;K676;N$
!1)/'+

372. ./!
shutdown -h now
reboot
!
%1,2%
G;L4M7
+/ 74M .#?!( G;L4M7 $/'

373. !

374. /+ !
D44;+ .'
!'+

375. ( 1

376. ! %
D44;( /
.$%/01$%!
)*+2!
( R $%/+#?! !()(%
%
=O1E

377. !0 $ST L6U;4V $,+ ( +
O /
1
W?%*#?!%
1O%54E

378. !
. !
343$%5678934:%;3+
1

379. 1
'

380. !%
( (
#1E()
E

381. !1
$ 1
'

382. !1O)

383. E

384. !1E1E$,(
.%
E

385. !
8.1
() !9LLI?!
,+0$,!

387. useradd -u uid -g group -d home dir -s shell -m login-name
8.X;647' ++ .!
/ /
% .1E AY I!1, .
? 2
1E,
'+
()%$/I %
% 54( %
% L6U;4V
% G( %

388. %( %
! L6U;4V E?
#.!$/

389. )

390. 4567E

391. !
()( /
(@AB!'+

392. ()X;647'%'/!%$,%$'/

393. $,1,2'+

394. ./!%
() !9LL
useradd -u 120 -g teacher -d /home/arnan -s /bin/sh -m arnan
!E!'1,2%
1O)

395. 97971E$,(
8. Z6L[]K^

396. .(%;9UG^
/ /
_4:L6U;4V

397. .`G4:`9797()a47G
/
1

398. 1
1O1E$,(
8.() !9LL+.!$/
#1E()!$
1
1
.!$/$% 9M4L( %
()( /%
% 9M4L1
() !9ML1)/

399. alphar:~# passwd arnan
Changing password for arnan
Enter new password:
Re-type new password:
%
!
O!0 +1,2%
1O
.%
( /1E$,($ST)

400. `;U`9ML $ST0
%*F! !(
,'b

401. $,
root:SSwKjrA3vsNLo:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:*:1:1:bin:/bin:
daemon:*:2:2:daemon:/sbin:
adm:*:3:4:adm:/var/adm:
lp:*:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:
sync:*:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:*:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
postmaster:*:14:12:postmaster:/var/spool/mail:/bin/bash
nobody:*:-1:100:nobody:/dev/null:
ftp:*:404:1::/home/ftp:/bin/bash

403. guest:z9nQ6gr5DAD3c:405:100:guest:/home/guest:/bin/bash
arnan:ZJyeBGNF56SGU:501:100:Arnan Sipitakiat:/home/arnan:/bin/bash
%'+

404. .!E!' !
%E

405. E

406. !
() ! I!('
%!

408. %1,
/ ? ? ? / / 2
.0 +!
/

409. #1
$/'

410. !%
() !9LL1
#1E$,%$ST`;U`9ML8.'
!%$
.#!
=34*!
#1
'

411. !%
(O!1
# $8.%
() !L1)/
userdel arnan
'+

412. ./!E!'1,2%
)

413. 9797

415. %$,%
#1
$/() !L1
#
$8.%
($ST`;U`9ML%$
..$%*)*%*+1:!
)*+$%-=!
#1
'

416. !%
1,.,!
.1

417. .!

418. .!E

419. !1)G4:L6U;4V

420. G() 1
/ /
# $8.%
1E$,%($ST`;U`9ML'/(@AB!
! 8.1c(
$%/ !:4L1,2'
+%
L69D 1
1

421. 1
'

422. !%
..!%
1E()!E

423. ! !$+)+
+
/
8..!$/O!+O=!/. 1
# $

424. 1,.9M4LE

425. !( / '/% (
9M4L 1OE

426. ! .$,

427. %+O= ?!()$

428. %
1E$,%($ST `;U`9ML 8.

429. 1O'+

430. %*

431. $
%'+ ?!1E$,(9M4L1O1)/%
,(deRe9M4LE

432. !)

433. 9797#%1%
$+1,2
ZJyeBGNF56SGU
9M4L1,29M4L#%1E
$++1
#1O'+

434. %*
1E$,$1)/
!ZJyeBGNF56SGU
'+

435. ./!E!'1
( 1

436. ! .f 9M4L1OI?! ( 9M4L! 1,.$,
/
1

437. 1
'

438. !%
( 9M4L1%/%1
% $8.%
1

439. ! .f!
O

441. $%-?@!:79*
8.,%'O(
@AB
()%0
'

442. ! %
D9UgE

443. E

444. !
$+ 8.%
D9Ug
# $8.() ! . !'/ !1,2.

445. !;9
O
343$%-?@!:79*
! %
+
+$ST .0$ST1E+.%1,2$ST1.+I?!
,%
()!!
!E!'1,%
!$ST;9E1)
2 ? /
tar -cvf test.tar *
'+

446. ./!E!' %
U4V$ST%$ST(L6U;4V,h
+!$ST(L6U;4V./

447. .
$+($ST)

448. +/;;e;9
#1
'

449. !%
E..$ST

451. %1
%
# $8.() !;9(
,'/

452. $,
.%'+

453. ./!1)/
tar test.tar
1,%
E..$S'!0(;;e;9

455. %
2 T /
#$%:%1;A*B
(%
() !;91,2%
+$ST .0$ST1E+.%1/'/EE

456. !$/$#%./

457. !1. '/(%
D9Ug E

458. 1
O. %
./

459. E

460. %/

461. 1%1

462. ,
.1

463. ( @AB
8,
%
().

464. E$ST1,2.

465. ./

466. !'++.%

467. U4:5i6I?!
,%
()!!
/ O
$ST$%%
() !U4:. %ej'. +5i6$$ST %e5i
/
'.8.,%'O+$ST.

468. 8.()5i6E1%+/$ST()U4:
/
(%
F1
'

469. !%
E..$ST%1
() !(
,'/

470. $,

472. C$%/01$%D=

473. )*+
@
!( +E

474. 1%.+%L6g (
I?!% .#?!%
1O L6g # %+/1
'

475. !%
1O
L6g(
E

476. !1
8.%
( /L6g'+( /1E$, O!'/!0'

477. !

478. e %
/!9;6;647''

479. !%
]e
!k6V;:E?9;6;647
Re %
'O'!k6V;:1E
8.%
:47;L6g
/
(E'

480. E

481. !%
! 9;6;647 1

482. E$,%$#$'

483. !%
! !()(%
!
? / / /
/
9;6;647%$% !kL6g
/
C $%E%D=

484. 1

485. 1
/!9;6;6471
.

486. .+'/

487. $,%'

488. !
!k6V;:E?'/9;6;6478.k6
V;:

489. ./ .+'/+/1
1

490. %()$ 1)/l^YXZlmn^oBn]1,2'@AB'/
'+%
%()!k6V;:$ .)I!E

491. .%
+1

492. %()( !()(%
O ? ? / /
! k6 V;: %'/!%
@AB '/'+ '/8.+$,%() ! :gk p:9g k6
V;:qI?!
,%
()!!
!
8. k6V;:;V

493. )OE

494. !k6V;:'

495. !%
!I?!,%'O+
# $%
`;U`k +LJ6U .#?!)

496. LJ6UE

497. !L6g'

498. !%
)

499. .-.(' L6U;4V`LJ@AB
/ /
'/'+%())

500. '%'/!% 1)/ ( 367P () `LJ`GL9
_9LL6g '+ `LJ`GLD
'+

501. !`LJ`GLU
'+ $,1

502. .0(_9LL6g'/'+%
#$ .9;6;647
!!1, `LJ`GL9P 8. P 1EE

503. ! 9;6;647 1) `LJ`GL9^ `LJ`GL9] _9LL6g '+ !
? / 2 / ?
9;6;647]' 1,'
2
mkfs -t ext2 /dev/hda2
'+

504. ./! !E!'1,2%
! k6 V;: )O)

505. oBn] E?8.() _9LL6g '+
9;6;647]
C#$%!)*+!!D=

506. 1

507. 1
%
!k6V;:E?+ ! .'

508. ! 1

509. (
#()!L6g
O
$

510. %
:47;1E(
(@AB$

511. !L6g''+1,L6J.%'! %1

512. (
/ / 2 /
YX'/

513. !1,2L6U;4V8.1
() !:47;(%
% +/'

514. !%
( L6g$,,
%r