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The Greenhouse Effect on Earth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Click on image to start animation
Water On Earth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The result is a mild greenhouse effect…not too hot, and not too cold, just the right temperature for most of the water to stay in liquid phase, and some to stay in gas phase in the atmosphere on the surface of the Earth…
Greenhouse Gases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Source of Water ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Atmosphere of Earth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CO 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Carbon Dioxide Cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The CO 2  Cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The CO2 cycle acts as a thermostat that regulates the temperature of the Earth…
Feedback Loop ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Plate Tectonics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Click on image to start animation
Where Did O 2  Come From? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Role of the Magnetic Field of Earth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Water On Earth in the Past ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Comparative Planetology ,[object Object]
Mars Mars image from Hubble Space Telescope
Martian Season ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Martian Weather ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Geology of Mars ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dry Ice (frozen CO 2 ) in the north and south poles…
Water on Mars in the Past? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Riverbed? Gullies Lake Bottom? Images from Mars Rover  Spirit  at a suspected ancient lake site showed rock structures consistent with those formed from sediments in standing water
Ancient Martian Ocean? ,[object Object]
Water on Mars Today? ,[object Object]
Why doesn’t Mars have water today? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Venus ,[object Object],NASA Image of Venus
Geology of Venus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Click on the image to see image obtained by Venera 14 spacecraft ,[object Object],[object Object]
Why doesn’t Venus have water? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Runaway Greenhouse Effect If we were to move the Earth closer to the Sun, like where Venus is now, then we would suffer the runaway greenhouse effect as well, lose all the water, and become hot like Venus.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What makes a planet habitable?
Global Warming ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Earth’s Temperature Variation in the past 1,100 years Reconstructions of (Northern Hemisphere average or global average) surface temperature variations from six research teams (in different color shades)  along with the instrumental record of global average surface temperature (in black). Each curve illustrates a somewhat different history of temperature changes, with a range of uncertainties that tend to increase backward in time (as indicated by the shading). Reference:  NRC, 2006 . (Figure reprinted with permission from Surface Temperature Reconstructions© (2006) by the National Academy of Sciences, Courtesy of the  National Academies Press 22    18, Washington, D.C.).  Reproduced from EPA Climate Change Website.
The Long-Term Stability of Earth’s Climate − 400,000 years  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fluctuations in temperature (blue) and in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (red) over the past 400,000 years as  inferred from Antarctic ice-core records . The vertical red bar is the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels over the past two centuries and before 2006. From A. V. Fedorov et al.  Science  312, 1485 (2006) 17.    18.  Reproduced from EPA Climate Change Website.
How do we measure atmospheric CO 2  concentration in the past? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Paleoclimatology  is the study of climate prior to the widespread availability of records of temperature, precipitation and other instrumental data.
Antarctic Ice Core  ,[object Object],[object Object]
CO 2  over 500 million years ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Phanerozoic_Carbon_Dioxide.png
Which gas is keeping the Earth warm? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
So, what’s the big deal if human CO 2  causes 1 °C temperature increase? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How about Clouds and Ice? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contrails and Climate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How About The CO 2  Cycle? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The CO2 cycle acts as a thermostat that regulates the temperature of the Earth…
Feedback Loop ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
My Two Cents… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Greenhouse effect

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  • 15. Mars Mars image from Hubble Space Telescope
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  • 26. Runaway Greenhouse Effect If we were to move the Earth closer to the Sun, like where Venus is now, then we would suffer the runaway greenhouse effect as well, lose all the water, and become hot like Venus.
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  • 29. Earth’s Temperature Variation in the past 1,100 years Reconstructions of (Northern Hemisphere average or global average) surface temperature variations from six research teams (in different color shades) along with the instrumental record of global average surface temperature (in black). Each curve illustrates a somewhat different history of temperature changes, with a range of uncertainties that tend to increase backward in time (as indicated by the shading). Reference: NRC, 2006 . (Figure reprinted with permission from Surface Temperature Reconstructions© (2006) by the National Academy of Sciences, Courtesy of the National Academies Press 22 18, Washington, D.C.). Reproduced from EPA Climate Change Website.
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