AZTI-Tecnalia participó en el congreso ORBIT 2012 “Global Assessment for Organic Resources and Waste Management” (www.orbit2012.fr) que tuvo lugar del día 12 al 15 de junio de 2012 en Rennes (Francia) con la presentación oral “Vegetable wastes characterization for feed production in the Basque country”.

1. VEGETABLE WASTES
CHARACTERIZATION
FOR FEED PRODUCTION
IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY
DAVID SAN MARTIN
SUSTAINIBILITY AREA - FOOD RESEARCH DIVISION
www.azti.es 11/23/12 1

2. VEGETABLE WASTES CHARACTERIZATION FOR FEED PRODUCTION IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY
INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY RESULTS & DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ORGANIC WASTES GENERATION:
POPULATION GROWING UP ↑ NATURAL RESOURCES NEED WASTE GENERATION
1.- MANAGEMENT COSTS FOR
COMPANIES
FEED
PRODUCTION 2.- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
3.- OPORTUNITY
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3. VEGETABLE WASTES CHARACTERIZATION FOR FEED PRODUCTION IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY
INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY RESULTS & DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
THE MAIN OBJECTIVE
CHARACTERIZATE VEGETABLE WASTES PRODUCTION IN ORDER TO DETERMINATE THE
FEASIBILITY OF THEIR INCLUSION IN FEED FORMULATION
A. Make a FULL INVENTORY of the vegetable waste generation.
B. Take SAMPLES of each by-product and ANALYZE them:
 Proof the HYGIENIC ASPECTS
 Study their NUTRITIONAL PROFITABILITY to be converted into animal feed.
www.azti.es 11/23/12

4. VEGETABLE WASTES CHARACTERIZATION FOR FEED PRODUCTION IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY
INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY RESULTS & DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
FULL INVENTORY
SECTORS IDENTIFICATION AND INVENTORY
 Consulting previous STUDIES and public and private DATABASES;
 Contrasting datas with the ASSOCIATIONS of each sectors;
 Making QUESTIONNAIRES to main representative companies
www.azti.es 11/23/12

5. VEGETABLE WASTES CHARACTERIZATION FOR FEED PRODUCTION IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY
INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY RESULTS & DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
SAMPLING
SAMPLING PLAN: to ensure the REPRESENTATIVENESS of all samples
 SEASONAL VARIABILITY: SPRING, SUMMER-AUTUMN AND WINTER
 150 KG OF VEGETABLE WASTE:
 A SAMPLE (10KG): ANALYZED
 B SAMPLE (10KG): FROZEN -20 ºC
 MARKET SECTOR BY-PRODUCTS DIVIDED INTO:
 CITRIC FRUITS
 NON-CITRIC FRUIT
 OTHER VEGETABLES
SAMPLES HAS BEEN CRUSHED
www.azti.es 11/23/12

6. VEGETABLE WASTES CHARACTERIZATION FOR FEED PRODUCTION IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY
INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY RESULTS & DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ANALYTICAL PARAMETERS
UNDESIRABLE SUBSTANCES:
ELIKA: Basque Foundation for Agro-Food Safety
–Legal requirements of raw material for animal feed
[Nitrites levels / Myco-toxins / Pesticides / Heavy metals / Microbiological analysis /
Dioxins]
NUTRITIONAL PARAMETERS:
EPEA: Feed Manufacturers Association of the Basque Country
–Feed-market needs & Technical requirements
[Moisture / Ash / Protein / Fiber / Starch / Fat / Sugars / Caffeine / pH]
www.azti.es 11/23/12

7. VEGETABLE WASTES CHARACTERIZATION FOR FEED PRODUCTION IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY
INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY RESULTS & DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
FULL INVENTORY
Vegetable Waste DISPERSION and GENERATION
SECTOR Nº of CENTERS VEGETABLE
WASTES (Tm)
Markets
Potato
Cider TOTAL TOTAL
Wine
Horticulture > 1.600 centers > 25.000 tons
Bread
Coffee
www.azti.es 11/23/12

8. VEGETABLE WASTES CHARACTERIZATION FOR FEED PRODUCTION IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY
INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY RESULTS & DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ANALYTICAL RESULTS:
All analytical results are related to the MOISTURE CONTENT of each by-product.
MARKET > 85 % (83,66-92,44%)
POTATOES 75 % (72-81%)
CIDER 75 %
WINE > 65 % (61-71%)
HORTICULTURE > 90 %
BREAD 20 %
COFFEE 3,5 %
www.azti.es 11/23/12

9. VEGETABLE WASTES CHARACTERIZATION FOR FEED PRODUCTION IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY
INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY RESULTS & DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
UNDESIRABLE SUBSTANCES
MYCO-TOXINS BELOW the detection limits
PESTICIDES BELOW the detection limits
HEAVY METALS BELOW maximum legal limit
MICROBIOLOGICAL BELOW maximum legal limit
DIOXINS: BELOW maximum legal limits
NITRITES: < 10 mg / kg
Except: NECESSARY TO CONTROL
 Coffee husk (Coffee): 33,3 mg / kg Maximum legal limit:
 Grape pressed and bunch (Wine): 56 mg / kg 15 mg / kg.
www.azti.es 11/23/12

10. VEGETABLE WASTES CHARACTERIZATION FOR FEED PRODUCTION IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY
INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY RESULTS & DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
NUTRITIONAL QUALITY
ASH Below 0,7 %
Except: Bread and Coffee’s (>2%) and Wine’s (> 1%).
PROTEIN Below 1,5 %
Except: Wine´s (3 %), Bread´s (10 %) and Coffee´s (20%).
FIBER Below 1,5 %,
Except: Coffee´s (37 %) Wine´s (11 %) and Cider´s (7%)
FAT Below 0,7 %
Except: Wine and Cider´s (2,5 %) and Bread´s (1,2%)
SUGARS Below 1 %
Except: Market and Cider´s (5 %) Wine ´s (3,5 %) and Bread´s (1,7 %)
CAFFEINE Coffee´s (1,21%)
www.azti.es 11/23/12

11. VEGETABLE WASTES CHARACTERIZATION FOR FEED PRODUCTION IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY
INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY RESULTS & DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
FULL INVENTORY
COLLECTION
•DISPERSION:
It is necessary to
1.600 develop
AN EFFICIENT TRANSPORT
CENTERS
MANAGEMENT
PLAN
CENTRALITING
•PRODUCTION: POSSIBLE TO
ASSIMILATE ALL
25.000 tons / year
VEGETABLE WASTES
(about 70% of moisture) BY THE BASQUE FEED
INDUSTRY
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12. VEGETABLE WASTES CHARACTERIZATION FOR FEED PRODUCTION IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY
INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY RESULTS & DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ANALYTICAL RESULTS
•MOISTURE LEVELS:
It makes MOISTURE LEVEL < 10 %
ABOUT 70% necessary
too high A DRYING
PROCESS STABILIZE THEM IN TIME
•UNDESIRABLE SUBSTANCES:
FEASIBLE to use them
Considering that they set
as RAW MATERIAL for
the maximum legal limits
ANIMAL FEED
It is necessary to CONTROL NITRITES LEVELS in Coffee and Wine by-products.
www.azti.es 11/23/12

13. VEGETABLE WASTES CHARACTERIZATION FOR FEED PRODUCTION IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY
INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY RESULTS & DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ANALYTICAL RESULTS
•NUTRITIONAL QUALITY IN GENERAL:
GREAT BULKINESS OF VEGETAL WASTES LIMIT THEIR INCLUSION
& IN FEED FORMULATION
NUTRITIONAL QUALITY TO 3-6%.
NO SO MUCH DIFFERENCES NOT ADVISABLE TO
BETWEEN ALL VEGETAL BY- MANAGE THEM
PRODUCTS SEPARATETLY.
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14. VEGETABLE WASTES CHARACTERIZATION FOR FEED PRODUCTION IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY
INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY RESULTS & DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
FUNDED BY:
• LIFE + Environment Policy and Governance Programme: LIFE 09 ENV/ES/000473.
• Innovation and Food Industry Management.
Environment, Territorial Planing, Agriculture and Fishing Department.
Basque Government.
• Environmental Quality Management.
Environment, Territorial Planing, Agriculture and Fishing Department.
Basque Government.
COLLABORATORS:
• ELIKA: Basque Foundation for Agro-Food Safety
• EPEA: Feed Manufacturers Association of the Basque Country
www.azti.es 11/23/12

15. THANK YOU
dsanmartin@azti.es
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