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2 hrly gs ch 08 vertebrates part 1
- 2. Animal Kingdom Invertebrates Vertebrates Animals without a Backbone or Spinal Column Animals with a Backbone or Spinal Column
- 6. Cold-blooded Animals • They take on the temperature of their surroundings • They are hot when their environment is hot and cold when their environment is cold • In hot environments can have blood that is much warmer than warm-blooded animals
- 7. • In warm environment more active • In cold environment sluggish and lazy – This is because their muscle activity depends on chemical reactions which run quickly when it is hot and slowly when it is cold. Period of inactivity is called aestivation (hibernation)
- 8. Warm-blooded Animals • Try to keep the inside of their bodies at a constant temperature. – In a cooler environment by generating their own heat – In a hotter environment by cooling themselves when they are hot. • To generate heat, warm-blooded animals convert the food that they eat into energy.
- 9. Types of Food-eating Animals • Carnivorous Animals that eat other animals • Herbivorous only eat vegetables • Omnivorous eat both meat and plants
- 10. Vertebrates Vertebrates are further divided into five main groups: – Pisces Fish – Amphibia Amphibians – Reptilia Reptiles – Aves Birds – Mammalia Mammals
- 11. Pisces • They are aquatic and live in different habitats – Fresh water, Salt water, Ocean, Rivers – Except Dead Sea • Fish are cold-blooded • Skin Scales • Means of locomotion fins
- 12. • Respiration Through gills – Exception: Lung-fish, and snake-head fish have two respiratory systems Lung Fish Snakehead Fish
- 13. • Eating habit – Carnivorous Angler fish, Shark, Wolf fish, Catfish, Snakehead – Herbivorous Trout, Goldfish, Scat, Pacu, Clown fish – Omnivorous Panda corydoras, Swordfish, Piranha
- 17. Clown Fish Tuna
- 19. Swordfish
- 20. • Live both on land and water Amphibians • Cold-blooded • Egg-lying – Immature life in water Gills – Adults live on land Lungs and absorption through skin • Slimy skin absorb moisture and oxygen through skin – Without moist conditions, their skin dries out and they die.
- 21. • Habitat – Mostly often found near ponds, marshlands, swamps, and other areas where freshwater is available • Locomotive organs – Young ones tail – Adult Legs • Examples – Frog, Toad, Salamander, Axolotl, Blind olm
- 22. Toad Frog
- 24. Axolotl Axolotl
- 26. • Cold-blooded Reptiles • Skin Dry, Tough and Scaly – As a reptile grows, it sheds its outer layer of skin. • Tetrapods two sets of paired limbs • Sprawling posture the upper legs join the body at the sides.
- 27. • Respiration Lungs • Hearing organs – Lack outer ears – Inner ear respond to vibrations • Capable of regeneration – Lizard • Longevity – Tortoise and turtles live up to 150 years – Crocodiles can live up to 100 years
- 30. Green Iguana
- 35. Water Dragon
- 36. • Adapted for flight Aves – Exception: Hen, Penguin, Peacock, Ostrich, Kiwi, Emu, Turkey, The Falkland Flightless Duck, Rheas, Cassowaries, Flightless Comorants, Snoring Rail, Campbell Island Teal, The Kakapo Parrot • Warm-blooded • Egg-lying • Skin Have feathers – Prevents loss of body heat – Helps in flight – Exception: Penguin
- 37. • Hollow bones – Provide passage for air from lungs, which supply it direct to all parts of body • Locomotive organs – Wings, exception Penguins – Legs – Toes Adapted for particular purposes • Hearing organ – Lack outer ear – Inner ear
- 38. • Mouth Beak (Adapted for particular purposes) • Neck Flexible – For wide vision – Aid feeding – Helps in sleeping • Sense of sight Most important organ • Habitat Land, Air, Water • Migration Annual and seasonal.
- 39. • Eating habits – Herbivorous Sparrow, Pigeon, Duck, Goose, Cockatoo, Blue macaw, Toucan, Ostrich, Swan, Nightingale, Parrot, Lovebird – Carnivorous Eagle, Kites, Pelican, Owl, Falcons, Hawks, Roadrunner, Kingfisher, Vulture, Penguins – Omnivorous Crow, Ravens, Rail Birds, Emus, Starlings, Flamingo, Woodpecker
- 41. Rooster Hen
- 42. Ostrich Emu
- 43. Rheas Penguin
- 48. Cockato o Goose
- 50. Blue Macaw Swan