2. Table of Content

3. Biography
 Born: February 7, 1870
Vienna, Austria
Died: May 28, 1937
Aberdeen, Scotland
Austrian psychiatrist
 Best Known For:
Individual Psychology
The concept of the inferiority complex
President of the Vienna Psychoanalytic
Society, 1910

4.  In collaboration with Sigmund
Freud and a small group of
Freud's colleagues, Adler was
among the co-founders of the
psychoanalytic movement as a
core member of the Vienna
Psychoanalytic Society. He was
the first major figure to break
away from psychoanalysis to
form an independent school of
psychotherapy and personality.

5. View of Human Nature
 For Adler. Being unconscious is only a
temporary unawareness.
 He also argued that the people can create
their own personalities and lifestyle to
achieve their highest goals.

6. Structure of Personality

7. Organ Inferiority
 People are more vulnerable to
disease in organs that are less
developed or ‚inferior‛ to other
organs.
 These inferior organs develop
biological deficiencies because of
stress from the environment.
These inhibit the person from
functioning normally.

8. Feelings of Inferiority
 All children start life with feelings of
inferiority because they are completely
dependent on adults for survival. This feeling
of being weak, inferior, and impotent
stimulates an intense desire to seek power,
thereby overcoming the feelings inferiority.

9.  Adler did not
consider feelings of
inferiority bad.
According to him, it is
normal among human
beings and therefore
not a sign of
weakness or
abnormality. In fact,
such feelings ate the
primary motivating
forces behind all
personal
accomplishments.

10. Striving for Superiority
 A fundamental fact of life, an innate need
from the time of birth. It is master
motive that leads people to pursue a
superior or perfect society.

11. Style of Life
 Which an individual
attempts to gain
superiority.
 Determines which aspects
of life are focused on and
how these give a person
individual identity
 Determines what is
perceived and ignored.
 Specifies a person’s future
goals and how they are to
be attained.
 Unhealthy lifestyle is
based on selfishness and is
contrary to the views of

12. Fictional
Finalism
 Fictional future goal which a person
aspires for. Adler called this a
‚Guiding self ideal‛. This gave Adler’s
theory a strong teleological
component, although it did not ignore

13. Social Interest
 The innate need of all human
beings to live in harmony and
friendship with others and to
aspire for the development of
the perfect society.

14. Social Interest
 Social interest can be developed through
tasks:
1. Occupational tasks or constructive
work can be a means for a person
to hep advance society.
2. Societal tasks require cooperation
with fellow humans.
3. Love and marriage tasks help to
perpetuate society.

15. Stages of Development
 Adler did not propose stages of
development; instead emphasized the
importance of family atmosphere and the
family constellation.
 The latter refers to one’s position within
the family in terms of birth order:
Older children
Younger children
Middle children

16. Stages of
Development
 The family
constellation
becomes more
complicated in the
case of twins or an
only brother among
relations between
children and parents
frequently consists
of a continuing
aerations between
Indulgence
Rejection

18. Adler referred to birth
order, first memories, and
dream analysis as the
three ‚entrance gates‛ to
mental life. He studied
them extensively to
discern the origins of
lifestyle and an
individual’s approach to
problem solving.

19. 1. Birth
Order

20.  The first born children who later have
younger siblings may have it the most. When
the next child is born, suddenly, they are no
longer the center of attention and fall into
the shadows wondering why everything
changed.
 They often have the greatest number of
problems as they get older.

21.  Themiddle born/the
second born children
may have it the
easiest. They are also
more fortunate
compared to their
older siblings. These
children are not
pampered as their
older sibling was,
but are still
afforded the
attention.
 They have a high need
for superiority and
are often able to
seek it out through
healthy competition.

22.  The youngest children. Like the first born
may be more likely to experience
personality problems later in life.
 He gets pampered and protected more than
his siblings. That’s why he/she is usually
spoiled and very dependent.
 Sometimes he felt that he will always be
inferior to others.

23.  The only child is never dethroned by
another sibling, but experiences shock
upon learning that he or she cannot
remain the center of attention. He or
she is often very sweet and affectionate.
An only child is not considered

24. 2. First
Memories
Is a research technique
of asking a person to
describe his or her
earliest recollections.
These recollections are
evidence of the origins
of one’s lifestyle.

25. Dream Analysis
-is a method
wherein a person’s
dreams are used to
provide a way of
dealing with the
person’s life
problems.

26. By analyzing how
problems are
confronted and future
events planned through
their dreams, a great
deal could be learned
about a person’s
lifestyle.

27. Psychological Types
1. Ruling Type
They are, from childhood on,
characterized by a tendency to be
rather aggressive and dominant over
others.

28. 2. Leaning Type
They are sensitive people who have
developed a shell around themselves which
protects them but they must rely on others
to carry them through life’s difficulties
3. Avoiding Type
They have the lowest levels of energy and
only survive by essentially avoiding life—
especially other people
4. The Socially Useful Type
This is the healthy person, one who has
both social interest and energy. Note that
without energy, you can’t really have social
interest, since you wouldn’t be able to
actually do anything for anyone.

29. Parenting Styles
 Pampering
Referring to a parent overprotecting a child,
giving him too much attention, and sheltering
him from the negative realities of life.

30. Parenting
Styles
 Neglect
A neglected
child is one
who is not
protected at
all from the
world and is
forced to face
life's struggles
alone.

32.  Strengths
1. Adler’s greatest
contribution psychology is
his study of birth order and
personality.
Adler’s theory culminated
in his insistence in
understanding an individual
through his or her attitude
towards the world.

33.  Strengths
2. Adler considered his
theory of the creative self
as the climax of his
studies.
3. Adler said that many of
our guiding goals are
fictional. However, his use
of the word ‚fiction‛ did
not necessarily mean ‘not
true’.

34.  Fictional Finalists
Cannot be treated as
reality because these are
not specific hypotheses
that can be put to a crucial
experiment. They are
constructs or inventions of
human psyche that arise as
it encounters the world.

35.  WEAKNESSES:
1. Adler viewed behavior as
primary goal directed
and consciously chosen
rather than
predetermined by the
unconscious mind or
biological drive.

36.  WEAKNESSES:
2. He took it for granted
that everyone
experiences some
feelings of inferiority.
3. The drive for
aggression which he
later substituted for
striving for superiority
was innately biological
as that of sexual urge.

37. From the beginning, Adler’s theory of
personality was open to growth and evolution.
His theory became more comprehensive and
conclusive as his work matured, without
contradicting his earlier ideas.
Adler chose the term individual psychology
for his conception of personality. Nevertheless,
he realizes early in his theorizing that the
individual could not be considered in isolation or
apart from their context. His emphasis shifted
from the intra psychic (within the psyche) which is
basically Freudian, to the interpsychic
(interpersonal relations).

38. Freud: Adler:
-Emphasized the -Emphasized
unconscious mind conscious mind.
-Future goals are -Future goals are
unimportant important source
-Biological motives of motivation
are primary -Social motives are
-Pessimistic about primary
human existence -Optimistic about
human existence

39. Freud: Adler:
-Dreams are used to -Dreams are tools
detect contents of in solving
the unconscious problems.
mind. -Personality is
-Personality is determined partly
completely by the individual
determined by themselves.
heredity and -Minimize the
environmental importance of sex.

40. Freud: Adler:
-Goal of therapy is -Goal of therapy is
to discover to encourage a
repressed early lifestyle that
memories. incorporates
social interests.

41. The
End