1) The document discusses different types of computer hardware, including supercomputers, mainframe computers, minicomputers, and microcomputers. 2) It describes the central processing unit (CPU) and its main components: the control unit, arithmetic/logical unit, and memory unit. 3) The document outlines different types of computer memory, including ROM, RAM, SDRAM, and DDR SDRAM.

1. Chapter 3 Computer Hardware
Mr.Warawut Khangkhan
e-Mail: awarawut@hotmail.com
Social Network: www.facebook.com/AjWarawut

2. F F F
(Information Technology:
IT) ˈ F ก
F 4 ก
F กF
F
F (Hardware)
F F (Software)
F (Database)
F F ก (Computer
2 Network and Communication)
Chapter 3 Computer Hardware Mr.Warawut Khangkhan

3. F F F F
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4. F F F F
F F F (Computer Hardware)
ก F F F (Hardware)
Hardware F F ก F
ก F F Main board, CPU I/O
Device ˈ F
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5. F
Central Processing Unit
(CPU)
Control Unit
Input Output
Unit Arithmetic / Logical Unit : ALU Unit
Memory Unit
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6. F
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7. F
ก F ˈ 4
Supercomputer
Mainframe Computer
Minicomputer
Microcomputer
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8. Supercomputer
ˈ F F
ก ( 1,000 F
F )
ก Chip F
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9. Supercomputer
ก F ก ก F F
ก F ก F F
F ก F ก F Fก
F ˈ F
F Supercomputer F F กF
IBM, Fujitsu, Cray, Hitachi NEC ˈ F
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10. Supercomputer
ˆ ก ก
(Parallel Processing กF
Multiprocessing) Supercomputer Fก
F ก F F ก
F F F F ก ก F
Supercomputer ก กก F “Cluster”
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11. Supercomputer
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12. Mainframe Computer
ˈ F F ก
Supercomputer
ก F ก F Supercomputer
Fก F ก F F
Fก ก F F ˈ F
F F F ก (Multi-user) F
ก ก ERP
ˈ F
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13. Mainframe Computer
Mainframe Computer ก F
(Processor) F
F F
F Mainframe Computer F
F กF IBM, Fujitsu Unisys ˈ F
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14. Mainframe Computer
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15. Minicomputer
ˈ F ก (Midrange Computer)
ก
ก Fก ก F ก ˈ
F Client/Server F F
F ก F ก F
ก F ก F
F ˈ F
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16. Minicomputer
Processor F ก Mainframe
Computer
Minicomputer F F กF IBM,
AS/400, HP 9000 HP Alpha ˈ F
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17. Minicomputer
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18. Microcomputer
“Personal Computer (PC)”
ˈ F ก
F F (Stand-alone) F
F ก F
ก F ก
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19. Microcomputer
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20. ก F F F
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21. Keyboard
Mouse Trackball
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22. Touch Pad Stylus
Microphone Scanner
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23. Optical Character Magnetic-Ink Character
Magnetic-
Recognition (OCR) Recognition Reader (MICR)
Digital Camera Video PC Camera
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24. Touch Screen Pointing Stick
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25. ก F F
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26. 26 Chapter 3 Computer Hardware Mr.Warawut Khangkhan

27. F ก
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28. F ก
F ก (Central Processing Unit:
CPU)
F ก
F
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29. F ก
CPU ก F F F 2 F
F (Control Unit) – F ก
F ก ก
F ˈ
ก
F (Arithmetic / Logical Unit) –
F F ก F
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30. F ก
CPU ก
ˈ Chip ก ก Silicon
ก F
Chip (Circuit)
F F
Chip ก ก F CPU F
“Microprocessor” “Processor”
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31. ก CPU
ก F CPU F ก
F 4 ก F “Machine Cycle”
Control Unit ALU
2. Decode 3. Execute
1. Fetch 4. Store
Registers
Instructions Results
Main Memory (Primary Storage)
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32. F
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33. F
F (Memory Unit) F ก F
F F F CPU CPU
F ก F F
ก ก F ก
F
F F ˈ 2
F ก (Primary Storage / Main
Memory)
F (Secondary Storage)
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34. F ก
ROM (Read Only Memory)
RAM (Random Access Memory)
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35. ROM (Read Only Memory)
PROM (Programmable Read Only
Memory)
ˈ ROM ก F F F F 1
F F F ก F ก ก
PROM
EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only
Memory)
ˈ PROM F F ก F F
F F (Ultraviolet)
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36. ROM (Read Only Memory)
EEPROM (Electrical Erasable Programmable
Read Only Memory)
ˈ ROM ก F F
F F กF ˂ F Flash Memory ˈ F
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37. RAM (Random Access Memory)
SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM)
F DRAM F Refresh FF
F Fก ก F F ˈ
Synchronous DRAM F ก ˈ ก
ก F ก F ก F
DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM)
F SDRAM F ก 1 2
1 F F DDR SDRAM F1
F F ก F
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38. RAM (Random Access Memory)
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39. F
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40. ก F F (Access Mode)
Sequential Data Access
Direct Data Access
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41. กก F ก
F F
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42. กก F ก F F
F F
Slot
F ก (External Port)
Fก Fก
F ก ก F
F F ก ก F ก ก
ก
F
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42 Mr.Warawut Khangkhan

43. ก
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44. ก
(Scalability)
F F ก F ก F
F F FF F
F F ก
ก F ˆ F
F F F F F ก F F
F F F
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