1. PES/ENG/071/Narration Part II
• Master Script
• word Count- 2350
A PUNJAB EDUSAT SOCIETY PRODUCTION
Subject : English
Class : XI
Module : Narration Part II
VO1
(Visual or animation)
Peter and John sitting on a bench and conversing
(The dialogues should also be shown in the written form)
Peter: I am happy to have met Harry.
John: Why?
Peter: I will be leaving for London tomorrow.
John: Are you not coming back soon?
Peter: I do not know. It depends on the work for which I am being sent.
John: Everyone will miss you.
Peter: I know and so will I. I will go now or else I’ll be late.
John: Well Peter, Wish you good luck.
VO2
John talking to Dick
(The dialogues should also be shown in the written form)
John: I met Peter the other day.
He said that he was happy to have met Harry.
Dick: Why?
John: I asked him the same.

2. PES/ENG/071/Narration Part II
He said that he would be leaving for London the next day.
Dick: When is he coming back?
John: I asked him if he was not coming back soon.
He replied that he did not know and it depended on the work for which he was being
sent.
Dick: What else did you say?
John: I said that everyone would miss him.
Peter said that he knew and so would he.
He was in a hurry or else he would be late. I wished him good luck.
ANCHOR 1
Did the visuals remind you of anything, students? Yes they were DIRECT and INDIRECT or
REPORTED speech which had been our topic of last lesson. The first visual was a direct
conversation between two friends and the second was where one of them was reporting it to
another friend, who was not present there. I am sure you remember them and also the
changes that are there in the structure of the two. Let us have a quick recap.
pZfuU, eh fJj fdqF nkg ;kfonkA Bz{ fe;/ uhi pko/ eZ[M :kd eotkT[d/ jB .jkA, fJj ;B DIRECT ns/
INDIRECTikA REPORTED speech, fi; pko/ n;hA nkgDh fgSbh ebk; ftZu gVQ u[e/ jkA gfjb/ fdqF
ftZu d' d';skA ftZu f;ZXh rZbpks j' ojh j? .d{i/ ftZu T[BkQA d'jkA ftZu' fJZe nkgD/ d{i/ d';s Bz{
report eo fojk j? i' fe T[; rZbpks d"okB T[E/ w"i{d BjhA ;h .w?Bz{ T[whd j? fe s[jkBz{ T[BkQA
pko/ ns/ Bkb jh T[BkQA dh pDso ftZu i' pdbkt j'fJnk j?, T[j uzrh sokQA :kd j't/rk .nkU S/sh Bkb
fJZe tko T[;dh d[jokJh eo bJhJ/ .
Text on Screen
1. A DIRECT speech is when a conversation is taking place.
2. An INDIRECT or REPORTED speech is when a conversation is reported at a later
period.
3. Certain changes come in when a DIRECT speech is later REPORTED.
4. There is change in the TENSE - all tenses in Reported or Indirect speech are in
PAST TENSE.

3. PES/ENG/071/Narration Part II
5. There is change in PERSON - generally only THIRD PERSON is used except when
the person reporting the DIRECT speech was a part of that then FIRST person is
used.
6. There is a change in the SENTENCE STRUCTURE - all sentences in INDIRECT or
REPORTED speech are in STATEMENT form of sentence.
ANCHOR 2
So based on what we had learnt in our previous class we will advance further with the
changes that occur in the two forms of speech.
But had we not already gone through the changes?
We had but now we will see the changes in detail. Let us first see-what are the learning
objectives of today’s module?
Text on Screen
Learning objectives
Upon completion of the module, the learner will be able to
• Describe the detail changes that take place in TENSES when a DIRECT speech is
changed to INDIRECT speech and vice versa.
• Explain conditions when there is no change in the TENSE while changing from
Direct to INDIRECT and vice versa.
• Describe conditions when there are changes in PERSON, TIME etc.
ANCHOR 3
Many a time we make the mistake of simply doing away with the punctuation marks when
changing from direct to indirect and adding the punctuation marks when changing from indirect
to direct. We have to take good care of the tenses when we change from one mode to another.
We will now see how that is done.
pj[s tko fJ; sokQA jz[dk j? fe direct s' indirect eod/ ;w/A n;hA punctuation fuzBkQA dh rbshnkA
eod/ jkA .;kBz{ fJZe mode Bz{ d{i/ ftZu pdbd/ ;w/A tenses dk th fynkb oZyDk ukjhdk j? .j[D n;hA
t/ykr/ fe fJj fezM jz[dk j? .
Text on Screen
In INDIRECT speech all tenses are in PAST.
The given table shows the changes that take place when one mode is changed to the other.
(The rows of the table have to gradually roll-in)

4. PES/ENG/071/Narration Part II
DIRECT SPEECH > < INDIRECT SPEECH
SIMPLE PRESENT > < SIMPLE PAST
Eg. He said,” Tom GOES to school.” He said that Tom WENT to school.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS > < PAST CONTINUOUS
Eg. Sonu said,” Ram IS WRITING.” Sonu said that Ram WAS WRITING.
PRESENT PERFECT > < PAST PERFECT
Eg. I said, “She HAS GONE home.” I said that she HAD GONE home.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS > < PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Eg. She said,”He HAS BEEN WORKING She said that he HAD BEEN WORKING
hard.” hard.
SIMPLE PAST < PAST PERFECT
>
He said that Ravi HAD BOUGHT the
Eg. He said,”Ravi BOUGHT the book.” book.
PAST PERFECT > < PAST PERFECT
Eg. She said, “Manu HAD TAUGHT the She said that Manu HAD TAUGHT the
lesson.” lesson.
PAST CONTINUOUS > < PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Eg. Anil said,” Mini WAS WRITING Anil said that Mini HAD BEEN WRITING
then.” then.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS > < PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Eg. Jo said,” Jack HAD BEEN Jo said that Jack HAD BEEN RUNNING
RUNNING for four hours.” for four hours.
ANCHOR 4

5. PES/ENG/071/Narration Part II
Other than the above changes the auxiliaries also change. Text on Screen
DIRECT SPEECH > < INDIRECT SPEECH
WILL, SHALL, CAN, MAY < WOULD, SHOULD, COULD, MIGHT
>
The double arrows (> <) indicate change over from one speech to another.
The change of WILL and SHALL take care of the FUTURE TENSE.
ANCHOR 5
Are the rules of changing one mode of speech to another now clear? Well let us test ourselves
to see that they are clear.
pZfuU, fJZe mode dh speech Bz{ d{i/ ftZu pdbd/ ;w/A fijV/ fB:wkA dk fynkb oyZDk jz[dk j?, eh
T[j s[jkBz{ ;gFN j' rJ/ jB . nkU fJj t/yD bJh s[jkvk fJZe S'Nk fijk N?;N bJhJ/ .
Change the following DIRECT speech to INDIRECT speech: (the ans to appear a few secs
after the ques)
Text on Screen
1. The teacher said, “Sonal works sincerely.”
a. The teacher said that Sonal worked sincerely.
2. The man said, “He will bring the toys.”
a. The man said that he would bring the toys.
3. Babu said, “Terry had been doing the work for long.”
a. Babu said that Terry had been doing the work for long.
4. Harshit said, “Ritesh is changing the pictures on the wall.”
a. Harshit said that Ritesh was changing the pictures on the wall.
5. Mukesh said, “Amit will be going to London soon.”
a. Mukesh said that Amit would be going to London soon.
Change the following Indirect speech to Direct speech: (the ans to appear a few secs after the
ques)
Text on Screen
1. The man said that the boy was climbing the wall.
a. The man said, “The boy is climbing the wall.”

6. PES/ENG/071/Narration Part II
2. Sudhir said that Manish had eaten the cake all alone.
a. Sudhir said, “Manish has eaten the cake all alone.”
3. Preeti said that Dolly had finished the task long before.
a. Preeti said, “Dolly finished the task long before.”
Or Preeti said, “Dolly had finished the task long before.”
4. Joan said that Harry could do the drawing better than Dick.
a. Joan said, “Harry can do the drawing better than Dick.”
5. I said that Rajiv had been sleeping in the afternoon.
a. I said, “Rajiv was sleeping in the afternoon.”
Or I said, “Rajiv has been sleeping in the afternoon.”
ANCHOR 6
So we have seen and tested ourselves how to change the tenses when changing from one
mode of narration to the other. But are there any times when the tense does not change? Yes
there are and we shall learn that now.
;' n;hA t/y th fbnk j? ns/ nkgD/ nkg Bz{ goy th fbnk j? fe tenses Bz{ narration d/ fJZe mode
Bz{ d{i/ mode ftZu pdbd/ ;w/Z, fet/ pdbDk ukjhdk j? .go eh fe;/ t/b/ fJj th jz[dk j? fe id' Tenses
pdbd/ BjhA jB .jkA nfijk jz[dk j?, fJ; pko/ n;hA j[D gVAkQr/ .
Text on Screen
While changing from one speech to another the tense remains unchanged when
• The reporting verb is in PRESENT TENSE.
• A PERMANENT TRUTH is said.
• An accepted belief is reported
• When the reporting verb is in PRESENT TENSE.
Eg. Mary says, “Tim will do the work.”
o Mary says that Tim will do the work.
• When a PERMANENT TRUTH is said.
Eg. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”
o The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
• When an accepted belief is reported.
Eg. Mr. Das said, “X party will win the election.”
Mr. Das said that X party will win the election.
ANCHOR 7

7. PES/ENG/071/Narration Part II
But does tense alone undergo change in these changes of speech? Not at all. If you recall in
our previous lesson we had seen how the PERSON changes. There are more such small but
important changes that need to be done.
go eh fJ; speech dh changes ftZu fJeZb/ tenses jh pdbd/ jB < Bjh, fpbe[b BjhA , i/ s[;hA nkgD/
fgSb/ gkmkA Bz{ :kd eo' skA n;hA d/yd/ jkA fe fet/ person th pdbdk j? .T[E/ eZ[M j'o th S'N/ go
wjZstg{oB pdbkt jz[d/ jB fiBkQA Bz{ eoB dh b'V jz[dh j? .
Words conveying NEARNESS of TIME or PLACE change to words that convey DISTANCE.
The words that change are;
Text on Screen
NOW > < THEN
HERE > < THERE
AGO > < BEFORE
TODAY > < THAT DAY
TOMORROW > < THE NEXT DAY/THE DAY AFTER
YESTERDAY > < THE PREVIOUS DAY/THE DAY BEFORE
LAST NIGHT, YEAR > < THE NIGHT, YEAR BEFORE
THIS > < THAT
THESE > < THOSE
COME (in order) > < GO
ANCHOR 8
Let us try some teasers with the changes that we learnt now.
nkU j[D eZ[M pdb/ j'J/ teasers Bz{ tosD dh e'fFF eohJ/ fiBkQA pko/ n;hA j[D/ jh f;fynk j? .
Text on Screen
Change one mode of narration to the other: (the ans to appear a few secs after the ques)
o Jyoti said, ‘’ Ram will go tomorrow.”
• Jyoti said that Ram would go the next day.
o My friend said that those were the local players.
• My friend said, “These are the local players.”
o John said that Mr. Brown had left that house the year before.
• John said, “Mr. Brown has left this house last year.”

8. PES/ENG/071/Narration Part II
o Monica said, “The boys are playing now.”
• Monica said that the boys were playing then.
o Pilu said, “The palace was built here.”
• Pilu said that the palace had been built there.
ANCHOR 9
Have the teasers given you the confidence to do the change over correctly? I am sure they
have. So let us run through quickly what we saw in today’s lesson.
eh fJBkQA teasers B/ s[jkv/ nzdo ;jh pdbkt eoB dk T[sFkj fdZsk j? .w?Bz{ T[whd j? fe fJj iipk
s[jkv/ nzdo io{o nkfJnk j't/rk .nkU fco ibdh Bkb t/yhJ/ fe s[;h nZi d/ gkm ftZu' eh f;Zfynk j? .
Text on Screen
Changes that come when DIRECT speech is changed to INDIRECT speech and vice
versa:
• In Tense—change over to the appropriate PAST tense and vice versa.
• In Words—NEARNESS changed to DISTANCE and vice versa.
• In Person— The changes in person can be remembered with this formula.
1 2 3
SON
It shows that
 1st person changes into the subject.
 2nd person changes into the object.
 3rd person never change.
ANCHOR 10
Keeping all these changes in mind, we will now do some transformation of sentences from one
mode of speech to another.
fJBkQA ;kfonkA pdbktkA Bz{ fdwkr ftZu oyZd/ j'J/ j[D n;hA tkekA dh eZ[M ekfJnk gbN eokAr/ .
Change these mode of narration from one to the other: (the ans to appear a few secs after the
ques)
Text on Screen
• Ram said, “I will go to Arjun’s house tomorrow.”
• Ram said that he would go to Arjun’s house the next day.
• Montu says, “I am not well.”
• Montu says that he is not well.
• My mother said that those were her old saris.
• My mother said, “These are my old saris.”

9. PES/ENG/071/Narration Part II
• Tina said, “Last night there was a big fight here.”
• Tina said that the night before there had been a big fight there.
• Govind said that those chapters would be done the year after.
• Govind said, “These chapters will be done next year.”
• Madam said to Mohan that she had liked his painting.
• Madam said, “Mohan, I liked your painting.”
• My father said, “The earth goes round the sun.”
• My father said that the earth goes round the sun.
• Prem said, “Mala, you can go now.”
• Prem said to Mala that she could go then.
• The judge said that he might give the verdict the next day.
• The judge said, “I may give the verdict tomorrow.”
• The supporters said, “We are confident our team will win the match.”
• The supporters said that they are confident their team will win the match.
ANCHOR 11
s[;h ;kfonkA B/ fJsBh bzph exercise s' pknd eh wfj;{; eo oj/ j' .nZi dk gkm
wjZstg{oB pdbktkA d/ yk; fjZf;nkA dh care eo/rk . w?Bz{ T[whd j? fe s[jkBz{ ;kfonkA Bz{ nZi dk
gkm uzrh sokQA ;wM nk frnk j't/rk, i' th E'Vk pj[s ofj frnk j? T[;B{z n;hA nkgD/ nrb/ gkm ftZu
eokAr/ .nZi dh ebk; ftZu s[jkvk ;kfonkA dk fXnkB d/D bJh XzBtkd .