1. PES/ENG/IX/014
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A PUNJAB EDUSAT SOCIETY PRODUCTION
SUBJECT: ENGLISH
CLASS: IX
CHAPTER: MODALS
PART I
INTRODUCTION:
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(Voice Over)
Reena and Shipra are through with their final exams and are feeling greatly
relieved. They meet at Reena’s house and make plans for a trip out of Delhi
during summer holidays.
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(Show images/visuals along with voice over highlighting the letters
written in bold)
Reena: I am so happy the exams are over.
Shipra: Yes I am also tension free now.
Reena: Shall we plan a trip together during vacation?
Shipra: Vow! That would be an excellent idea. Where should we go?
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Reena: We may go to Darjeeling.
Shipra: I don’t want to go there. It must be raining hard at this time of the
year.
Reena: O.K. Then where would you like to go? Shall we go to Shimla?
Shipra: I would love to be there.
Reena: But the weather is pretty cool there especially during nights. You
should carry some woolens.
Shipra: Reena, how shall we get there?
Reena: We can go up to Kalka by train. From Kalka we may reach
Shimla by a small train. We can also hire a taxi.
CUT TO MM 2
(Show images along with Voice over highlighting the letters written
in bold ink.)
Listen to this dialogue between Rakesh and Nagesh:
Rakesh: Can I speak to Atul?
Nagesh: I am sorry. He is not at home.
Rakesh: When shall he return home?
Nagesh: He will be home after half an hour.
Rakesh: Could you please deliver this message to him?
Nagesh: Yes I will.
Rakesh: Tell him that he must reach Chatrasaal Stadium on coming Sunday
for a hockey match at 10.00 a.m. The match will start at 11.00 a.m.
He should come in school sports’ uniform. He must carry his
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Identity Card with him as well.
Nagesh: I will certainly convey your messages.
Rakesh: Thank you.
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CUT TO ANCHOR 1
(Voice over along with the text on screen highlighting the underlined
words/phrases)
• Good Morning, Friends. You have just watched two visuals on
the screen. You must have noticed that a number of auxiliaries
were used by the speakers during their conversation. But they
were not doing the work of auxiliaries. They were used to
express the mode of action denoted by the verb. They are called
MODALS. Modals are a special kind of helping verb that do not
show tense and do not follow subject/verb agreement. Today’s
topic of our discussion is MODALS. But before proceeding
further we need to revise ‘principal ‘verbs, ‘helping verbs’, and
‘auxiliaris’. This will make our learning objectives more clear to
you and you will understand ‘modals’ better.
• Main Verbs are those words, without which no sentence is
complete. Eg . is, are, was , has, have ,had etc.
Use: He Vinay.(wrong) We books.(wrong)
He is Vinay. ( Right.) We have books.(right.)
I a small bell.( wrong.) She a box.(wrong)
I have a small bell.(right.) She has a box.(right.)
• Helping verbs’or’ Modal Auxiliaries’ are those words which are
used to supplement
The correct use of the main ‘action word’ or ‘verb’. The sentence
sounds wrong without the use of these ‘helping verbs’
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Eg. am, being, did.
Use: He climbing the wall.(wrong) I not eating food.(wrong)
He is climbing the wall.(right.) I am not eating food.(right)
These girls rewarded for doing well.(wrong)
These girls are being rewarded for doing well.(right.)
I not do this.(wrong) This book read by you?(wrong)
I did not do this.(right) Has this book been read by you?(right)
MAIN LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
(Voice over as per screen text to appear one by one)
It is desired that after discussing about modals in detail our students shall
be able:
• To differentiate between Modals and helping verbs when they are
used in sentences,
• To make use of appropriate modals to denote the mode of an action
in a sentence,
• To understand that modals are always followed by the present
form of the main verb,
• To understand that modals do not change according to the number
or person of the subject as is the case with the helping verbs.
• To use correct modal to express request, command, possibility,
permission, ability, determination etc.
NOTE: All the auxiliary verbs except ‘be’, ‘do’, and ‘have’ are used
as modals. Modal Auxiliaries are:
can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should must, ought to,
need, used to, dare
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CUT TO ANCHOR 3
(Voice over along with highlighted text to appear one by one on
the screen.)
Friends, as stated earlier, modals are in fact auxiliaries but they state
the mode of action expressed by the main verb. Let us discuss them
one by one:
(Show the screen text as per voice over)
1. SHALL
Generally, ‘shall’ is used with I person to denote an action in future
time. But as a modal, it is used to express promise, intention, threat,
command, wish and assurance. It is generally used with II and III
person.
EXAMPLES:
(Show images along with the screen text as per V O
highlighting the bold words.)
• You shall be punished for crossing the red light at the crossing.
(An example of ‘Threat’)
• You shall finish this work today by 4o’clock.
(Compulsion)
• He shall not go out without returning your money.
(Command)
• Shall he go now? (Do you wish him to go?)
• You shall have a medal if you win. (Promise)
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2. WILL
(Show the screen text as per voice over with visuals/animation
wherever possible. Highlight the words written in bold ink.)
Generally, ‘will’ is used with II and III person in Future Indefinite
Tense as a helping verb. But this auxiliary is used with I person as
a Modal to express a wish, intention, determination and
willingness.
EXAMPLES:
‘Will’ used as a helping verb;
• He will leave for Bombay tomorrow.
• She will play tennis in the evening.
‘Will’ used as a Modal;
• I will help you. (Promise)
• We will not surrender before the enemies---come what may!
(Determination)
• I will lend you my pen.
(Willingness)
• I will punish you, if you come late again. (Threat)
• We will visit the Taj Mahal next week. (Expressing ‘wish’)
• Will you open the window? (‘Request’-- It means--- Please
open the window)
3. CAN
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Can is used as a principal verb (Modal) to express ability’, power.
It is also used to seek/grant permission. Sometimes, it is also used to
describe somebody’s nature.
(Show the screen text as per voice over with visuals/animation wherever
possible. Highlight the words written in bold ink.)
EXAMPLES:
• I can read and write English. (expressing ‘ability’)
• I can beat you in the race. (expressing ‘ability’)
• Can I go to watch a movie tonight? (seeking ‘permission’)
• Yes you can. (granting ‘permission’)
• They cannot play hockey in that park. (permission not
granted)
• He can be rude to you.
(Showing ‘nature’)
• I can lift this heavy box.
(I have the ‘power’)
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4. SHOULD
‘Should’, as the past form of ‘shall’, is used to express duty, obligation,
disapproval of something done in the past, supposition, advise, purpose, lest
(negative purpose) determination, willingness etc.
(Voice over along with highlighted screen text. Show images
wherever possible. Highlight the words written in bold ink.)
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EXAMPLES:
‘Should’, as a helping verb, is used to express past form of the verb;
• He said that Urvashi should attend the office on Saturday.
• She said that I should leave for Bombay next week.
‘Should’ used as modal;
• You should obey the orders of your officers.
(Expresses ‘duty’)
• You should help the weak students of your class.
(Expressing ‘necessity’)
• If you want to succeed, you should work hard. (‘advice’)
• Walk fast lest you should miss the train.
(Otherwise you will not be able to catch the train.)
• Should you go there, meet my friend, Ankur. (‘supposition’)
• If it should rain, the school will remain closed. (‘possibility’)
• Do you think she should go? (seeking ‘advise’)
5. WOULD
‘Would’ is the past form of the auxiliary ‘will’. As a modal, it is used to
express past habit, wish, determination, polite speech and an unreal
condition.
(Voice over along with highlighted screen text. Show images
wherever possible. Highlight the words written in bold ink.)
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EXAMPLES:
‘Would’ used as a helping verb;
• He told me that he would buy a scooter.
• I told Ritu that she would get all help from me.
‘Would’ used as a modal;
• Would you mind waiting here until I return? (‘Polite request’)
• I would go there if I were allowed to. (Expressing ‘condition’)
• Would that I were rich! (But Alas! I am not rich.)
• Karan would like to go to the library. (‘wish’)
• Would you take a cup of coffee? (‘polite request’)
• My father would take a short nap after lunch. (‘past habit’)
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6. COULD
‘Could’, the past form of ‘can’, is used to denote ability, possibility,
capacity, request, and for seeking/granting permission.
(Voice over along with highlighted screen text. Show images wherever
possible. Highlight the words written in bold ink.)
EXAMPLES:
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‘Could’ used as a helping verb;
• The Principal told me that I could attend the summer classes.
• I asked him if he could help me.
‘Could’ used as a modal;
• The doctor said that the patient could recover.
(‘Possibility’)
• Could I have that Dictionary, please?
(‘Seeking permission’)
• He told Renu that she could use his pen.
(‘Granting permission’)
• The box was so heavy that I could not lift it.
(‘Showing inability’)
• Could I see the patient? (‘Request’)
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Friends, we have come to the end of today’s episode on MODALS.
But we have not finished the topic as yet.. There are still a few more modals
about which we shall discuss in the next episode. I hope, this episode has
given you a clear picture as to how, under different conditions, particular
modals are used.
But before we say ‘good bye’ to you, here is an interesting classroom
game, which will make you practice the ’modals’ that you have learnt
today.Your Teacher will guide you while playing the game.
Name of the game-----------‘SPINNING IDEAS.’
Modals to be used and practiced—can, can’t,should,
shouldn’t,have to,don’t have to.
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Objectives of the game: To practice the use of the ‘modals’
taught today.
Things reqd. for the game:Board as shown, to be photocopied
as per requirement of the class number, and a ‘dice’ used for
playing Ludo.
MODALS
don’t have to
1
can should
6 2
shouldn’t can’t
5 3
have to
4
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IMPORTANT NOTE: PLEASE PUT THE TWO CIRCLES
ON ONE SINGLE BOARD, BEFORE DISTRIBUTING IT
TO THE PAIRS OF STUDENTS.
SITUATIONS
While Playing
1
On a HolidayAt Home
6 2
While doing In School
Class work.
5 3
In the Library
4
How to play the Game: Divide the class into Two teams.Let them
be named as Team A and Team B.Put both the team members into
PAIRS. Each team should keep a player as score recorder and
another member as time regulator, who will regulate the time of
the team.
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Team ‘A’ and Team’ B’ take turns in spinning the dice and to
know the modal they have to use along with the corresponding
situation written for the same number in the situation circle..
Eg. If the dice has shown 4 then the modal for the pair of students
is ’have to’ and the corresponding situation is ‘In the Library.’
Now they will make as many sentences they can using the given
situation and the corresponding modal, In a time that is decided by the
teacher.
Eg. We have to be quiet in the Library.
In the Library we have to read the books.
When coming out of the library, we have to issue the books.
In this way, both the teams take turns, alternatively, till all the pairs
have got a chance.The score for each team is added in the end and
whichever team gets more is the Winner!!
Hope you enjoyed playing the game.
Thank you and have a good day.
This script has been reviewed by - -------------------------------
Signature - ----------------------------------------------------
Date - ----------------------------------------------------
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