SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 43
Augustine Fou- 1 -
To D2C or Not to D2C?
Innovation in Marketing
Dr. Augustine Fou
May 2014, NYC
acfou [at] mktsci.com
@acfou
Augustine Fou- 2 -
Challenge and Opportunity
Historically, many pharma
companies only did B2B marketing.
Do we even need to do D2C? And
how would it help us innovate our
multichannel marketing?
Augustine Fou- 3 -
Agenda
1. Irreversible Technology Trends
2. Changes in User Behavior
3. Direct-to-Consumer? New Audiences
4. How to Take Advantage of New
Opportunities
Augustine Fou- 4 -
Irreversible
Technology Trends
Augustine Fou- 4 -
Augustine Fou- 5 -
Computer Use
Source: Pew Internet, Feb 2014
81% use computers
Augustine Fou- 5 -
Augustine Fou- 6 -
Internet Adoption
Source: Pew Internet, Feb 2014
87% use internet
Augustine Fou- 6 -
Augustine Fou- 7 -
Cell Phone Ownership
Source: Pew Internet, Feb 2014
90% have cell phones
Augustine Fou- 7 -
Augustine Fou- 8 -
Source: comScore via Marketing Charts May 2014
69% use smartphones
Augustine Fou- 8 -
Smartphone Penetration
Source: comScore April 2014
Augustine Fou- 9 -
Speed of Adoption
Source: Forbes Magazine
Augustine Fou- 10 -
Indispensible Tech
Source: Pew Internet, Feb 2014
Augustine Fou- 10 -
Augustine Fou- 11 -
Information Consumption
Source: Google, August 2012 Multi-screen World
Augustine Fou- 11 -
Augustine Fou- 12 -
Industries Disrupted
video rentalnewspapers
Augustine Fou- 13 -
Users Have Changed
Empowered with Information
Augustine Fou- 13 -
Augustine Fou- 14 -
Users have instant and …
…constant access to info
“no, that isn’t the ‘best price’
for this HDTV and the reviews
aren’t even that good… ”
• 43% smartphone owners used
device in-store
• 15% checked prices in-store and
then bought from competitor
Source: comScore 2012
Augustine Fou- 14 -
Augustine Fou- 15 -
It’s All About Trust
Source: Deloitte Digital May 2014
Shoppers Prefer Own Cell Phone to Store Sales Associates
Augustine Fou- 16 -
Users trust peers most..
Augustine Fou- 16 -
Source: Marketing Science, March 2014
#1 Recommendations
#2 Consumer opinions
Augustine Fou- 17 -
People ignore “interruption media” and
only pay attention to information they are
seeking. (“Purple Cow” by Seth Godin)
• Direct marketing
• Email marketing
• Online marketing
• Sports marketing
• Word of mouth marketing
• Guerrilla marketing
• Blog marketing
• Event marketing
• Product placement
• In-game marketing
• Sponsorships
Advertisers push message out Users do their own research
Users “pull” info
PULLPUSH
Augustine Fou- 17 -
Augustine Fou- 18 -
Users are more savvy
Source: Chitika, Jan 2012Source: Chitika, June 2010
• Users are searching longer
terms
• Users click more on ads
related to longer terms
Augustine Fou- 19 -
Users Take Health
Into Their Own Hands
Augustine Fou- 20 -
Mobile Health Intentions
Augustine Fou- 21 -
Integrating Mobile
Source: PwC June 2012
Augustine Fou- 22 -
Smartphone Used to Find
Augustine Fou- 23 -
Mobile for Health
Augustine Fou- 24 -
Patients Search OTC and Rx
Patients search more for information online
OTC drug: Advil Rx Drug: Humira
Augustine Fou- 25 -
Users Taking Action
in Digital Channels
Augustine Fou- 25 -
Augustine Fou- 26 -
Searches
Google reports more than
3 billion searches per day
Source: Business Insider 2012
Users search more and more
Augustine Fou- 27 -
Conversations
Offline conversations now online
Augustine Fou- 28 -
Shares
What others found valuable enough to share
# of shares
Augustine Fou- 29 -
Likes
Brands now have direct access to users
14 million fans
historic images
25,495 like the item
1,168 comments
Augustine Fou- 30 -
Reviews
Reviews from others who bought and used
Augustine Fou- 31 -
Observed Data
Creates New Opportunities
Augustine Fou- 32 -
Search Volume Trends
Search volume spikes indicate when demand spikes.
chocolate covered strawberries
chocolate covered cherries
Source; http://go-digital.net/blog/2011/12/search-as-research-using-search-for-continuous-consumer-insights/
Augustine Fou- 33 -
Optimize Existing Content
Search volume provides insights to select optimal keywords
Augustine Fou- 34 -
swine flu
h1n1
swine flu drove 1st peak
h1n1 drove 2nd peak
Purell demand and
search volume lifted
Study Cause and Effect
Augustine Fou- 35 -
Marketing Performance
Detect if target users are searching more, during marketing
Tapentadol
Nucynta
Source: Google Trends
Augustine Fou- 36 -
Optimize Delivery Channel
Reach and engage high-risk diabetes
patients in Harlem via mobile devices
Mobile-first approach based on target audience tech
Augustine Fou- 37 -
Audience Segmentation
The exact words users use to search indicates who they are
Physician Nurse Patient
“orexin
receptor
agonist”
“dosage”
“sleep
drug”“how to
administer”
“hysterectomy” “hysterectomy
recovery time”
“hysterectomy
surgeon”
Top of Funnel Consideration Ready to Act
Augustine Fou- 38 -
Real-time Feedback/Insights
Augustine Fou- 38 -
Did consumers request device, pick up from pharmacy?
Augustine Fou- 39 -
Salesforce eDetailing
Augustine Fou- 39 -
Analytics of usage of content assets
Augustine Fou- 40 -
GE #GetFit Cancer Prevention Campaign
Source: Waggener Edstrom
Augustine Fou- 41 -
Recap
1. Irreversible Technology Trends
2. Changes in User Behavior
3. Direct-to-Consumer? New Audiences
4. How to Take Advantage of New Oppts
... have changed the landscape in which we market
... mean the rules of the game have changed
... is a must; creates new competitive advantages
... leverage the data and faster feedback loops
Augustine Fou- 42 -
Dr. Augustine Fou – Digital Consigliere
“I advise pharma, med-device, and
healthcare clients on using digital
insights to drive innovation and
create sustainable competitive
advantage.”
FORMER CHIEF DIGITAL OFFICER, HCG (OMNICOM)
MCKINSEY CONSULTANT
CLIENT SIDE / AGENCY SIDE EXPERIENCE
PROFESSOR AND COLUMNIST
ENTREPRENEUR / SMALL BUSINESS OWNER
PHD MATERIALS SCIENCE (MIT '95) AT AGE 23
ClickZ Articles: http://www.clickz.com/author/1151/augustine-fou
Slideshares: http://www.slideshare.net/augustinefou
Bio: http://www.linkedin.com/in/augustinefou
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/today/author/84444-augustinefou
@acfou
Augustine Fou- 43 -
Further reading …
Search Marketing and Social Media in
Regulated Industries - http://bit.ly/zCBLaY
Mobile Stats and Research -
http://bit.ly/19FqWN6
Articles and Slideshares on Innovation by
Augustine Fou - http://bit.ly/1bOaW8W
Augustine Fou- 43 -

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Healthcare & digital marketing - Today & Future
Healthcare &  digital marketing - Today & FutureHealthcare &  digital marketing - Today & Future
Healthcare & digital marketing - Today & FutureDeepali Thakur
 
7 Big Physician and Patient Engagement Trends You Can’t Miss for Brand Planning
7 Big Physician and Patient Engagement Trends You Can’t Miss for Brand Planning7 Big Physician and Patient Engagement Trends You Can’t Miss for Brand Planning
7 Big Physician and Patient Engagement Trends You Can’t Miss for Brand PlanningDRG Digital
 
Developing a Digital Strategy for Healthcare Marketing
Developing a Digital Strategy for Healthcare MarketingDeveloping a Digital Strategy for Healthcare Marketing
Developing a Digital Strategy for Healthcare MarketingCymbal Interactive
 
Creating the Perfect Healthcare Digital Marketing Campaign
Creating the Perfect Healthcare Digital Marketing CampaignCreating the Perfect Healthcare Digital Marketing Campaign
Creating the Perfect Healthcare Digital Marketing CampaignPyxl
 
Understanding Patient opinion leaders in social media
Understanding Patient opinion leaders in social mediaUnderstanding Patient opinion leaders in social media
Understanding Patient opinion leaders in social mediaAmit Srivastava
 
An introduction to Digital Marketing for the Healthcare Industry
An introduction to Digital Marketing for the Healthcare IndustryAn introduction to Digital Marketing for the Healthcare Industry
An introduction to Digital Marketing for the Healthcare IndustryMurad Quandour
 
Pharma Marketing - Digital Marketing Survey 2013
Pharma Marketing - Digital Marketing Survey 2013Pharma Marketing - Digital Marketing Survey 2013
Pharma Marketing - Digital Marketing Survey 2013Promozoo Limited
 
Mobile Trends in Pharma & Healthcare Advertising | Silverlight Digital
Mobile Trends in Pharma & Healthcare Advertising  | Silverlight Digital Mobile Trends in Pharma & Healthcare Advertising  | Silverlight Digital
Mobile Trends in Pharma & Healthcare Advertising | Silverlight Digital lorigo
 
Digital Marketing for Hospitals: A Patient Centric Approach
Digital Marketing for Hospitals: A Patient Centric ApproachDigital Marketing for Hospitals: A Patient Centric Approach
Digital Marketing for Hospitals: A Patient Centric ApproachEvolve Digital Labs
 
Future trends in pharma marketing 2016 copie
Future trends in pharma marketing 2016   copieFuture trends in pharma marketing 2016   copie
Future trends in pharma marketing 2016 copieJulien Dagher
 
Personalized HCP Marketing: How to Create More Impactful Brand Experiences
Personalized HCP Marketing: How to Create More Impactful Brand ExperiencesPersonalized HCP Marketing: How to Create More Impactful Brand Experiences
Personalized HCP Marketing: How to Create More Impactful Brand ExperiencesMerkle
 
7 P's of Digital Pharma Marketing by Tughan Demirbilek
7 P's of Digital Pharma Marketing by Tughan Demirbilek7 P's of Digital Pharma Marketing by Tughan Demirbilek
7 P's of Digital Pharma Marketing by Tughan DemirbilekTughan Demirbilek
 
How to Leverage Digital Channels to Drive HCP Engagement
How to Leverage Digital Channels to Drive HCP EngagementHow to Leverage Digital Channels to Drive HCP Engagement
How to Leverage Digital Channels to Drive HCP EngagementJohn Wes Green
 
Digital Marketing of Hospitals in Hyderabad
Digital Marketing of Hospitals in HyderabadDigital Marketing of Hospitals in Hyderabad
Digital Marketing of Hospitals in HyderabadEshwar Mittapalli
 
Future of Health Care Marketing - Digital and Social
Future of Health Care Marketing - Digital and Social Future of Health Care Marketing - Digital and Social
Future of Health Care Marketing - Digital and Social MED E Talks
 
Healthcare and Digital Transformation - Lessons from the Research
Healthcare and Digital Transformation - Lessons from the ResearchHealthcare and Digital Transformation - Lessons from the Research
Healthcare and Digital Transformation - Lessons from the ResearchStefan Tornquist
 
Healthcare Digital Marketing Enabling Healthcare Firms for Digital Revolution
Healthcare Digital  Marketing Enabling Healthcare Firms for Digital RevolutionHealthcare Digital  Marketing Enabling Healthcare Firms for Digital Revolution
Healthcare Digital Marketing Enabling Healthcare Firms for Digital RevolutionInnoMind Technologies
 
Pharma Social Media Series - UK Twitter Ranking 2018 - Owen Health & firstlig...
Pharma Social Media Series - UK Twitter Ranking 2018 - Owen Health & firstlig...Pharma Social Media Series - UK Twitter Ranking 2018 - Owen Health & firstlig...
Pharma Social Media Series - UK Twitter Ranking 2018 - Owen Health & firstlig...Owen Health
 

Was ist angesagt? (18)

Healthcare & digital marketing - Today & Future
Healthcare &  digital marketing - Today & FutureHealthcare &  digital marketing - Today & Future
Healthcare & digital marketing - Today & Future
 
7 Big Physician and Patient Engagement Trends You Can’t Miss for Brand Planning
7 Big Physician and Patient Engagement Trends You Can’t Miss for Brand Planning7 Big Physician and Patient Engagement Trends You Can’t Miss for Brand Planning
7 Big Physician and Patient Engagement Trends You Can’t Miss for Brand Planning
 
Developing a Digital Strategy for Healthcare Marketing
Developing a Digital Strategy for Healthcare MarketingDeveloping a Digital Strategy for Healthcare Marketing
Developing a Digital Strategy for Healthcare Marketing
 
Creating the Perfect Healthcare Digital Marketing Campaign
Creating the Perfect Healthcare Digital Marketing CampaignCreating the Perfect Healthcare Digital Marketing Campaign
Creating the Perfect Healthcare Digital Marketing Campaign
 
Understanding Patient opinion leaders in social media
Understanding Patient opinion leaders in social mediaUnderstanding Patient opinion leaders in social media
Understanding Patient opinion leaders in social media
 
An introduction to Digital Marketing for the Healthcare Industry
An introduction to Digital Marketing for the Healthcare IndustryAn introduction to Digital Marketing for the Healthcare Industry
An introduction to Digital Marketing for the Healthcare Industry
 
Pharma Marketing - Digital Marketing Survey 2013
Pharma Marketing - Digital Marketing Survey 2013Pharma Marketing - Digital Marketing Survey 2013
Pharma Marketing - Digital Marketing Survey 2013
 
Mobile Trends in Pharma & Healthcare Advertising | Silverlight Digital
Mobile Trends in Pharma & Healthcare Advertising  | Silverlight Digital Mobile Trends in Pharma & Healthcare Advertising  | Silverlight Digital
Mobile Trends in Pharma & Healthcare Advertising | Silverlight Digital
 
Digital Marketing for Hospitals: A Patient Centric Approach
Digital Marketing for Hospitals: A Patient Centric ApproachDigital Marketing for Hospitals: A Patient Centric Approach
Digital Marketing for Hospitals: A Patient Centric Approach
 
Future trends in pharma marketing 2016 copie
Future trends in pharma marketing 2016   copieFuture trends in pharma marketing 2016   copie
Future trends in pharma marketing 2016 copie
 
Personalized HCP Marketing: How to Create More Impactful Brand Experiences
Personalized HCP Marketing: How to Create More Impactful Brand ExperiencesPersonalized HCP Marketing: How to Create More Impactful Brand Experiences
Personalized HCP Marketing: How to Create More Impactful Brand Experiences
 
7 P's of Digital Pharma Marketing by Tughan Demirbilek
7 P's of Digital Pharma Marketing by Tughan Demirbilek7 P's of Digital Pharma Marketing by Tughan Demirbilek
7 P's of Digital Pharma Marketing by Tughan Demirbilek
 
How to Leverage Digital Channels to Drive HCP Engagement
How to Leverage Digital Channels to Drive HCP EngagementHow to Leverage Digital Channels to Drive HCP Engagement
How to Leverage Digital Channels to Drive HCP Engagement
 
Digital Marketing of Hospitals in Hyderabad
Digital Marketing of Hospitals in HyderabadDigital Marketing of Hospitals in Hyderabad
Digital Marketing of Hospitals in Hyderabad
 
Future of Health Care Marketing - Digital and Social
Future of Health Care Marketing - Digital and Social Future of Health Care Marketing - Digital and Social
Future of Health Care Marketing - Digital and Social
 
Healthcare and Digital Transformation - Lessons from the Research
Healthcare and Digital Transformation - Lessons from the ResearchHealthcare and Digital Transformation - Lessons from the Research
Healthcare and Digital Transformation - Lessons from the Research
 
Healthcare Digital Marketing Enabling Healthcare Firms for Digital Revolution
Healthcare Digital  Marketing Enabling Healthcare Firms for Digital RevolutionHealthcare Digital  Marketing Enabling Healthcare Firms for Digital Revolution
Healthcare Digital Marketing Enabling Healthcare Firms for Digital Revolution
 
Pharma Social Media Series - UK Twitter Ranking 2018 - Owen Health & firstlig...
Pharma Social Media Series - UK Twitter Ranking 2018 - Owen Health & firstlig...Pharma Social Media Series - UK Twitter Ranking 2018 - Owen Health & firstlig...
Pharma Social Media Series - UK Twitter Ranking 2018 - Owen Health & firstlig...
 

Ähnlich wie iPharma 2014 To D2C or Not to D2C by Augustine Fou 2014

Website Marketing
Website MarketingWebsite Marketing
Website Marketingallwyn1f
 
Healthcasts_Whitepaper
Healthcasts_WhitepaperHealthcasts_Whitepaper
Healthcasts_WhitepaperDebra Harris
 
14th Cairo Marketing Club (Digital World for Pharma) by Dr. Fayza Elshatby & ...
14th Cairo Marketing Club (Digital World for Pharma) by Dr. Fayza Elshatby & ...14th Cairo Marketing Club (Digital World for Pharma) by Dr. Fayza Elshatby & ...
14th Cairo Marketing Club (Digital World for Pharma) by Dr. Fayza Elshatby & ...Mahmoud Bahgat
 
Social Media Analytics in Life Sciences
Social Media Analytics in Life SciencesSocial Media Analytics in Life Sciences
Social Media Analytics in Life SciencesIGATE Corporation
 
Patients Rising: How to Reach Empowered, Digital Health Consumers
Patients Rising: How to Reach Empowered, Digital Health ConsumersPatients Rising: How to Reach Empowered, Digital Health Consumers
Patients Rising: How to Reach Empowered, Digital Health Consumerse-Patient Connections
 
의료의 미래, 디지털 헬스케어: 제약산업을 중심으로
의료의 미래, 디지털 헬스케어: 제약산업을 중심으로의료의 미래, 디지털 헬스케어: 제약산업을 중심으로
의료의 미래, 디지털 헬스케어: 제약산업을 중심으로Yoon Sup Choi
 
Novartis.trends.3.6.15
Novartis.trends.3.6.15Novartis.trends.3.6.15
Novartis.trends.3.6.15Steven Hickson
 
Final i v c 11 (1)
Final i v c 11 (1)Final i v c 11 (1)
Final i v c 11 (1)Kamal Singh
 
Five trends in digital healthcare in 2010
Five trends in digital healthcare in 2010Five trends in digital healthcare in 2010
Five trends in digital healthcare in 2010Juan Pittau
 
Capgemini Consulting: Taking the Digital Pulse: Why Healthcare Providers Need...
Capgemini Consulting: Taking the Digital Pulse: Why Healthcare Providers Need...Capgemini Consulting: Taking the Digital Pulse: Why Healthcare Providers Need...
Capgemini Consulting: Taking the Digital Pulse: Why Healthcare Providers Need...VIRGOkonsult
 
Taking the Digital Pulse: Why Healthcare Providers Need an Urgent Digital Che...
Taking the Digital Pulse: Why Healthcare Providers Need an Urgent Digital Che...Taking the Digital Pulse: Why Healthcare Providers Need an Urgent Digital Che...
Taking the Digital Pulse: Why Healthcare Providers Need an Urgent Digital Che...Capgemini
 
Mobile apps for pharma and healthcare by ARworks
Mobile apps for pharma and healthcare by ARworksMobile apps for pharma and healthcare by ARworks
Mobile apps for pharma and healthcare by ARworksszabolcs budahazy
 
Applications of «The network always wins» concept in the pharmaceutical indu...
Applications of «The network always wins» concept in the pharmaceutical indu...Applications of «The network always wins» concept in the pharmaceutical indu...
Applications of «The network always wins» concept in the pharmaceutical indu...iulia1234
 

Ähnlich wie iPharma 2014 To D2C or Not to D2C by Augustine Fou 2014 (20)

Mighty Mobile
Mighty MobileMighty Mobile
Mighty Mobile
 
Website Marketing
Website MarketingWebsite Marketing
Website Marketing
 
Healthcasts_Whitepaper
Healthcasts_WhitepaperHealthcasts_Whitepaper
Healthcasts_Whitepaper
 
14th Cairo Marketing Club (Digital World for Pharma) by Dr. Fayza Elshatby & ...
14th Cairo Marketing Club (Digital World for Pharma) by Dr. Fayza Elshatby & ...14th Cairo Marketing Club (Digital World for Pharma) by Dr. Fayza Elshatby & ...
14th Cairo Marketing Club (Digital World for Pharma) by Dr. Fayza Elshatby & ...
 
Social Media Analytics in Life Sciences
Social Media Analytics in Life SciencesSocial Media Analytics in Life Sciences
Social Media Analytics in Life Sciences
 
Digital Marketing ROI Case Studies by Augustine Fou
Digital Marketing ROI Case Studies by Augustine FouDigital Marketing ROI Case Studies by Augustine Fou
Digital Marketing ROI Case Studies by Augustine Fou
 
Patients Rising: How to Reach Empowered, Digital Health Consumers
Patients Rising: How to Reach Empowered, Digital Health ConsumersPatients Rising: How to Reach Empowered, Digital Health Consumers
Patients Rising: How to Reach Empowered, Digital Health Consumers
 
Marketing Innovations That Drive Lasting Business Impact by Augustine Fou
Marketing Innovations That Drive Lasting Business Impact by Augustine FouMarketing Innovations That Drive Lasting Business Impact by Augustine Fou
Marketing Innovations That Drive Lasting Business Impact by Augustine Fou
 
의료의 미래, 디지털 헬스케어: 제약산업을 중심으로
의료의 미래, 디지털 헬스케어: 제약산업을 중심으로의료의 미래, 디지털 헬스케어: 제약산업을 중심으로
의료의 미래, 디지털 헬스케어: 제약산업을 중심으로
 
Novartis.trends.3.6.15
Novartis.trends.3.6.15Novartis.trends.3.6.15
Novartis.trends.3.6.15
 
Final i v c 11 (1)
Final i v c 11 (1)Final i v c 11 (1)
Final i v c 11 (1)
 
Five trends in digital healthcare in 2010
Five trends in digital healthcare in 2010Five trends in digital healthcare in 2010
Five trends in digital healthcare in 2010
 
MobileHealth_Shrestha
MobileHealth_ShresthaMobileHealth_Shrestha
MobileHealth_Shrestha
 
Advertising Management - ch06
Advertising Management - ch06Advertising Management - ch06
Advertising Management - ch06
 
Digital health in Asia
Digital health in AsiaDigital health in Asia
Digital health in Asia
 
Social Media Planning for Hospitals
Social Media Planning for HospitalsSocial Media Planning for Hospitals
Social Media Planning for Hospitals
 
Capgemini Consulting: Taking the Digital Pulse: Why Healthcare Providers Need...
Capgemini Consulting: Taking the Digital Pulse: Why Healthcare Providers Need...Capgemini Consulting: Taking the Digital Pulse: Why Healthcare Providers Need...
Capgemini Consulting: Taking the Digital Pulse: Why Healthcare Providers Need...
 
Taking the Digital Pulse: Why Healthcare Providers Need an Urgent Digital Che...
Taking the Digital Pulse: Why Healthcare Providers Need an Urgent Digital Che...Taking the Digital Pulse: Why Healthcare Providers Need an Urgent Digital Che...
Taking the Digital Pulse: Why Healthcare Providers Need an Urgent Digital Che...
 
Mobile apps for pharma and healthcare by ARworks
Mobile apps for pharma and healthcare by ARworksMobile apps for pharma and healthcare by ARworks
Mobile apps for pharma and healthcare by ARworks
 
Applications of «The network always wins» concept in the pharmaceutical indu...
Applications of «The network always wins» concept in the pharmaceutical indu...Applications of «The network always wins» concept in the pharmaceutical indu...
Applications of «The network always wins» concept in the pharmaceutical indu...
 

Mehr von Dr. Augustine Fou - Independent Ad Fraud Researcher

Mehr von Dr. Augustine Fou - Independent Ad Fraud Researcher (20)

Forensic Auditing of Digital Media.pdf
Forensic Auditing of Digital Media.pdfForensic Auditing of Digital Media.pdf
Forensic Auditing of Digital Media.pdf
 
Q1 2022 Update on ad fraud for AMM
Q1 2022 Update on ad fraud for AMMQ1 2022 Update on ad fraud for AMM
Q1 2022 Update on ad fraud for AMM
 
Ad blocking benchmarks q4 2021
Ad blocking benchmarks q4 2021Ad blocking benchmarks q4 2021
Ad blocking benchmarks q4 2021
 
Digital ad dollars trickle down chart
Digital ad dollars trickle down chartDigital ad dollars trickle down chart
Digital ad dollars trickle down chart
 
Still nothing but ad fraud 2021 dr augustine fou
Still nothing but ad fraud 2021 dr augustine fouStill nothing but ad fraud 2021 dr augustine fou
Still nothing but ad fraud 2021 dr augustine fou
 
Bad guys optimize ad fraud efficiency
Bad guys optimize ad fraud efficiencyBad guys optimize ad fraud efficiency
Bad guys optimize ad fraud efficiency
 
Alternative to ANA's end to end supply chain transparency study v final
Alternative to ANA's end to end supply chain transparency study v finalAlternative to ANA's end to end supply chain transparency study v final
Alternative to ANA's end to end supply chain transparency study v final
 
Impact of Loss of 3P Cookies on Publishers' Ad Revenue
Impact of Loss of 3P Cookies on Publishers' Ad RevenueImpact of Loss of 3P Cookies on Publishers' Ad Revenue
Impact of Loss of 3P Cookies on Publishers' Ad Revenue
 
Entire ecosystem supporting ad fraud 2018
Entire ecosystem supporting ad fraud 2018Entire ecosystem supporting ad fraud 2018
Entire ecosystem supporting ad fraud 2018
 
Digital Media Trust Collaborative
Digital Media Trust CollaborativeDigital Media Trust Collaborative
Digital Media Trust Collaborative
 
Programmatic reach analysis 2021
Programmatic reach analysis 2021Programmatic reach analysis 2021
Programmatic reach analysis 2021
 
2021 update on ad fraud brand safety privacy
2021 update on ad fraud brand safety privacy2021 update on ad fraud brand safety privacy
2021 update on ad fraud brand safety privacy
 
Browser and OS Share Jan 2021
Browser and OS Share Jan 2021Browser and OS Share Jan 2021
Browser and OS Share Jan 2021
 
Checking abnormal referrer traffic in google analytics
Checking abnormal referrer traffic in google analyticsChecking abnormal referrer traffic in google analytics
Checking abnormal referrer traffic in google analytics
 
History and Impact of Digital Ad Fraud
History and Impact of Digital Ad FraudHistory and Impact of Digital Ad Fraud
History and Impact of Digital Ad Fraud
 
Digital Fraud Viewability Benchmarks Q4 2020
Digital Fraud Viewability Benchmarks Q4 2020Digital Fraud Viewability Benchmarks Q4 2020
Digital Fraud Viewability Benchmarks Q4 2020
 
What CFEs can do about digital ad fraud
What CFEs can do about digital ad fraudWhat CFEs can do about digital ad fraud
What CFEs can do about digital ad fraud
 
Four types of digital ad spend updated august 2020
Four types of digital ad spend updated august 2020Four types of digital ad spend updated august 2020
Four types of digital ad spend updated august 2020
 
How to Use FouAnalytics For Marketers
How to Use FouAnalytics   For MarketersHow to Use FouAnalytics   For Marketers
How to Use FouAnalytics For Marketers
 
FouAnalytics DIY site media analytics fraud detection baked in
FouAnalytics DIY site media analytics fraud detection baked inFouAnalytics DIY site media analytics fraud detection baked in
FouAnalytics DIY site media analytics fraud detection baked in
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Gurgaon iffco chowk 🔝 Call Girls Service 🔝 ( 8264348440 ) unlimited hard sex ...
Gurgaon iffco chowk 🔝 Call Girls Service 🔝 ( 8264348440 ) unlimited hard sex ...Gurgaon iffco chowk 🔝 Call Girls Service 🔝 ( 8264348440 ) unlimited hard sex ...
Gurgaon iffco chowk 🔝 Call Girls Service 🔝 ( 8264348440 ) unlimited hard sex ...soniya singh
 
Russian Call Girls in Raipur 9873940964 Book Hot And Sexy Girls
Russian Call Girls in Raipur 9873940964 Book Hot And Sexy GirlsRussian Call Girls in Raipur 9873940964 Book Hot And Sexy Girls
Russian Call Girls in Raipur 9873940964 Book Hot And Sexy Girlsddev2574
 
Gurgaon Sector 45 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few ...
Gurgaon Sector 45 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few ...Gurgaon Sector 45 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few ...
Gurgaon Sector 45 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few ...vrvipin164
 
Russian Call Girls in Goa Samaira 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Goa
Russian Call Girls in Goa Samaira 7001305949 Independent Escort Service GoaRussian Call Girls in Goa Samaira 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Goa
Russian Call Girls in Goa Samaira 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Goanarwatsonia7
 
Hi,Fi Call Girl In Marathahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone numbers
Hi,Fi Call Girl In Marathahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone numbersHi,Fi Call Girl In Marathahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone numbers
Hi,Fi Call Girl In Marathahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone numbersnarwatsonia7
 
Low Rate Call Girls In Bommanahalli Just Call 7001305949
Low Rate Call Girls In Bommanahalli Just Call 7001305949Low Rate Call Girls In Bommanahalli Just Call 7001305949
Low Rate Call Girls In Bommanahalli Just Call 7001305949ps5894268
 
Call Girl Chandigarh Mallika ❤️🍑 9907093804 👄🫦 Independent Escort Service Cha...
Call Girl Chandigarh Mallika ❤️🍑 9907093804 👄🫦 Independent Escort Service Cha...Call Girl Chandigarh Mallika ❤️🍑 9907093804 👄🫦 Independent Escort Service Cha...
Call Girl Chandigarh Mallika ❤️🍑 9907093804 👄🫦 Independent Escort Service Cha...High Profile Call Girls Chandigarh Aarushi
 
Book Call Girls in Hosur - 7001305949 | 24x7 Service Available Near Me
Book Call Girls in Hosur - 7001305949 | 24x7 Service Available Near MeBook Call Girls in Hosur - 7001305949 | 24x7 Service Available Near Me
Book Call Girls in Hosur - 7001305949 | 24x7 Service Available Near Menarwatsonia7
 
Call Girls Service Bommasandra - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...
Call Girls Service Bommasandra - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...Call Girls Service Bommasandra - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...
Call Girls Service Bommasandra - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...narwatsonia7
 
Call Girl Bangalore Aashi 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Bangalore
Call Girl Bangalore Aashi 7001305949 Independent Escort Service BangaloreCall Girl Bangalore Aashi 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Bangalore
Call Girl Bangalore Aashi 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Bangalorenarwatsonia7
 
2025 Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS) Proposed Rule
2025 Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS) Proposed Rule2025 Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS) Proposed Rule
2025 Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS) Proposed RuleShelby Lewis
 
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Dental Considerations.pptx
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Dental Considerations.pptxPregnancy and Breastfeeding Dental Considerations.pptx
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Dental Considerations.pptxcrosalofton
 
Gurgaon Sector 68 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few ...
Gurgaon Sector 68 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few ...Gurgaon Sector 68 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few ...
Gurgaon Sector 68 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few ...ggsonu500
 
Experience learning - lessons from 25 years of ATACC - Mark Forrest and Halde...
Experience learning - lessons from 25 years of ATACC - Mark Forrest and Halde...Experience learning - lessons from 25 years of ATACC - Mark Forrest and Halde...
Experience learning - lessons from 25 years of ATACC - Mark Forrest and Halde...scanFOAM
 
Models Call Girls Electronic City | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Models Call Girls Electronic City | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment BookingModels Call Girls Electronic City | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Models Call Girls Electronic City | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Bookingnarwatsonia7
 
Hi,Fi Call Girl In Whitefield - [ Cash on Delivery ] Contact 7001305949 Escor...
Hi,Fi Call Girl In Whitefield - [ Cash on Delivery ] Contact 7001305949 Escor...Hi,Fi Call Girl In Whitefield - [ Cash on Delivery ] Contact 7001305949 Escor...
Hi,Fi Call Girl In Whitefield - [ Cash on Delivery ] Contact 7001305949 Escor...narwatsonia7
 
Russian Call Girls in Chandigarh Ojaswi ❤️🍑 9907093804 👄🫦 Independent Escort ...
Russian Call Girls in Chandigarh Ojaswi ❤️🍑 9907093804 👄🫦 Independent Escort ...Russian Call Girls in Chandigarh Ojaswi ❤️🍑 9907093804 👄🫦 Independent Escort ...
Russian Call Girls in Chandigarh Ojaswi ❤️🍑 9907093804 👄🫦 Independent Escort ...High Profile Call Girls Chandigarh Aarushi
 
EMS and Extrication: Coordinating Critical Care
EMS and Extrication: Coordinating Critical CareEMS and Extrication: Coordinating Critical Care
EMS and Extrication: Coordinating Critical CareRommie Duckworth
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Gurgaon iffco chowk 🔝 Call Girls Service 🔝 ( 8264348440 ) unlimited hard sex ...
Gurgaon iffco chowk 🔝 Call Girls Service 🔝 ( 8264348440 ) unlimited hard sex ...Gurgaon iffco chowk 🔝 Call Girls Service 🔝 ( 8264348440 ) unlimited hard sex ...
Gurgaon iffco chowk 🔝 Call Girls Service 🔝 ( 8264348440 ) unlimited hard sex ...
 
Russian Call Girls in Raipur 9873940964 Book Hot And Sexy Girls
Russian Call Girls in Raipur 9873940964 Book Hot And Sexy GirlsRussian Call Girls in Raipur 9873940964 Book Hot And Sexy Girls
Russian Call Girls in Raipur 9873940964 Book Hot And Sexy Girls
 
Gurgaon Sector 45 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few ...
Gurgaon Sector 45 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few ...Gurgaon Sector 45 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few ...
Gurgaon Sector 45 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few ...
 
Russian Call Girls in Goa Samaira 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Goa
Russian Call Girls in Goa Samaira 7001305949 Independent Escort Service GoaRussian Call Girls in Goa Samaira 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Goa
Russian Call Girls in Goa Samaira 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Goa
 
Hi,Fi Call Girl In Marathahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone numbers
Hi,Fi Call Girl In Marathahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone numbersHi,Fi Call Girl In Marathahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone numbers
Hi,Fi Call Girl In Marathahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone numbers
 
Low Rate Call Girls In Bommanahalli Just Call 7001305949
Low Rate Call Girls In Bommanahalli Just Call 7001305949Low Rate Call Girls In Bommanahalli Just Call 7001305949
Low Rate Call Girls In Bommanahalli Just Call 7001305949
 
Call Girl Chandigarh Mallika ❤️🍑 9907093804 👄🫦 Independent Escort Service Cha...
Call Girl Chandigarh Mallika ❤️🍑 9907093804 👄🫦 Independent Escort Service Cha...Call Girl Chandigarh Mallika ❤️🍑 9907093804 👄🫦 Independent Escort Service Cha...
Call Girl Chandigarh Mallika ❤️🍑 9907093804 👄🫦 Independent Escort Service Cha...
 
Book Call Girls in Hosur - 7001305949 | 24x7 Service Available Near Me
Book Call Girls in Hosur - 7001305949 | 24x7 Service Available Near MeBook Call Girls in Hosur - 7001305949 | 24x7 Service Available Near Me
Book Call Girls in Hosur - 7001305949 | 24x7 Service Available Near Me
 
Call Girls Service Bommasandra - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...
Call Girls Service Bommasandra - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...Call Girls Service Bommasandra - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...
Call Girls Service Bommasandra - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...
 
Call Girl Bangalore Aashi 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Bangalore
Call Girl Bangalore Aashi 7001305949 Independent Escort Service BangaloreCall Girl Bangalore Aashi 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Bangalore
Call Girl Bangalore Aashi 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Bangalore
 
VIP Call Girls Lucknow Isha 🔝 9719455033 🔝 🎶 Independent Escort Service Lucknow
VIP Call Girls Lucknow Isha 🔝 9719455033 🔝 🎶 Independent Escort Service LucknowVIP Call Girls Lucknow Isha 🔝 9719455033 🔝 🎶 Independent Escort Service Lucknow
VIP Call Girls Lucknow Isha 🔝 9719455033 🔝 🎶 Independent Escort Service Lucknow
 
2025 Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS) Proposed Rule
2025 Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS) Proposed Rule2025 Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS) Proposed Rule
2025 Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS) Proposed Rule
 
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Dental Considerations.pptx
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Dental Considerations.pptxPregnancy and Breastfeeding Dental Considerations.pptx
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Dental Considerations.pptx
 
Gurgaon Sector 68 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few ...
Gurgaon Sector 68 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few ...Gurgaon Sector 68 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few ...
Gurgaon Sector 68 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few ...
 
Experience learning - lessons from 25 years of ATACC - Mark Forrest and Halde...
Experience learning - lessons from 25 years of ATACC - Mark Forrest and Halde...Experience learning - lessons from 25 years of ATACC - Mark Forrest and Halde...
Experience learning - lessons from 25 years of ATACC - Mark Forrest and Halde...
 
Call Girls in Lucknow Esha 🔝 8923113531 🔝 🎶 Independent Escort Service Lucknow
Call Girls in Lucknow Esha 🔝 8923113531  🔝 🎶 Independent Escort Service LucknowCall Girls in Lucknow Esha 🔝 8923113531  🔝 🎶 Independent Escort Service Lucknow
Call Girls in Lucknow Esha 🔝 8923113531 🔝 🎶 Independent Escort Service Lucknow
 
Models Call Girls Electronic City | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Models Call Girls Electronic City | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment BookingModels Call Girls Electronic City | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Models Call Girls Electronic City | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
 
Hi,Fi Call Girl In Whitefield - [ Cash on Delivery ] Contact 7001305949 Escor...
Hi,Fi Call Girl In Whitefield - [ Cash on Delivery ] Contact 7001305949 Escor...Hi,Fi Call Girl In Whitefield - [ Cash on Delivery ] Contact 7001305949 Escor...
Hi,Fi Call Girl In Whitefield - [ Cash on Delivery ] Contact 7001305949 Escor...
 
Russian Call Girls in Chandigarh Ojaswi ❤️🍑 9907093804 👄🫦 Independent Escort ...
Russian Call Girls in Chandigarh Ojaswi ❤️🍑 9907093804 👄🫦 Independent Escort ...Russian Call Girls in Chandigarh Ojaswi ❤️🍑 9907093804 👄🫦 Independent Escort ...
Russian Call Girls in Chandigarh Ojaswi ❤️🍑 9907093804 👄🫦 Independent Escort ...
 
EMS and Extrication: Coordinating Critical Care
EMS and Extrication: Coordinating Critical CareEMS and Extrication: Coordinating Critical Care
EMS and Extrication: Coordinating Critical Care
 

iPharma 2014 To D2C or Not to D2C by Augustine Fou 2014

  • 1. Augustine Fou- 1 - To D2C or Not to D2C? Innovation in Marketing Dr. Augustine Fou May 2014, NYC acfou [at] mktsci.com @acfou
  • 2. Augustine Fou- 2 - Challenge and Opportunity Historically, many pharma companies only did B2B marketing. Do we even need to do D2C? And how would it help us innovate our multichannel marketing?
  • 3. Augustine Fou- 3 - Agenda 1. Irreversible Technology Trends 2. Changes in User Behavior 3. Direct-to-Consumer? New Audiences 4. How to Take Advantage of New Opportunities
  • 4. Augustine Fou- 4 - Irreversible Technology Trends Augustine Fou- 4 -
  • 5. Augustine Fou- 5 - Computer Use Source: Pew Internet, Feb 2014 81% use computers Augustine Fou- 5 -
  • 6. Augustine Fou- 6 - Internet Adoption Source: Pew Internet, Feb 2014 87% use internet Augustine Fou- 6 -
  • 7. Augustine Fou- 7 - Cell Phone Ownership Source: Pew Internet, Feb 2014 90% have cell phones Augustine Fou- 7 -
  • 8. Augustine Fou- 8 - Source: comScore via Marketing Charts May 2014 69% use smartphones Augustine Fou- 8 - Smartphone Penetration Source: comScore April 2014
  • 9. Augustine Fou- 9 - Speed of Adoption Source: Forbes Magazine
  • 10. Augustine Fou- 10 - Indispensible Tech Source: Pew Internet, Feb 2014 Augustine Fou- 10 -
  • 11. Augustine Fou- 11 - Information Consumption Source: Google, August 2012 Multi-screen World Augustine Fou- 11 -
  • 12. Augustine Fou- 12 - Industries Disrupted video rentalnewspapers
  • 13. Augustine Fou- 13 - Users Have Changed Empowered with Information Augustine Fou- 13 -
  • 14. Augustine Fou- 14 - Users have instant and … …constant access to info “no, that isn’t the ‘best price’ for this HDTV and the reviews aren’t even that good… ” • 43% smartphone owners used device in-store • 15% checked prices in-store and then bought from competitor Source: comScore 2012 Augustine Fou- 14 -
  • 15. Augustine Fou- 15 - It’s All About Trust Source: Deloitte Digital May 2014 Shoppers Prefer Own Cell Phone to Store Sales Associates
  • 16. Augustine Fou- 16 - Users trust peers most.. Augustine Fou- 16 - Source: Marketing Science, March 2014 #1 Recommendations #2 Consumer opinions
  • 17. Augustine Fou- 17 - People ignore “interruption media” and only pay attention to information they are seeking. (“Purple Cow” by Seth Godin) • Direct marketing • Email marketing • Online marketing • Sports marketing • Word of mouth marketing • Guerrilla marketing • Blog marketing • Event marketing • Product placement • In-game marketing • Sponsorships Advertisers push message out Users do their own research Users “pull” info PULLPUSH Augustine Fou- 17 -
  • 18. Augustine Fou- 18 - Users are more savvy Source: Chitika, Jan 2012Source: Chitika, June 2010 • Users are searching longer terms • Users click more on ads related to longer terms
  • 19. Augustine Fou- 19 - Users Take Health Into Their Own Hands
  • 20. Augustine Fou- 20 - Mobile Health Intentions
  • 21. Augustine Fou- 21 - Integrating Mobile Source: PwC June 2012
  • 22. Augustine Fou- 22 - Smartphone Used to Find
  • 23. Augustine Fou- 23 - Mobile for Health
  • 24. Augustine Fou- 24 - Patients Search OTC and Rx Patients search more for information online OTC drug: Advil Rx Drug: Humira
  • 25. Augustine Fou- 25 - Users Taking Action in Digital Channels Augustine Fou- 25 -
  • 26. Augustine Fou- 26 - Searches Google reports more than 3 billion searches per day Source: Business Insider 2012 Users search more and more
  • 27. Augustine Fou- 27 - Conversations Offline conversations now online
  • 28. Augustine Fou- 28 - Shares What others found valuable enough to share # of shares
  • 29. Augustine Fou- 29 - Likes Brands now have direct access to users 14 million fans historic images 25,495 like the item 1,168 comments
  • 30. Augustine Fou- 30 - Reviews Reviews from others who bought and used
  • 31. Augustine Fou- 31 - Observed Data Creates New Opportunities
  • 32. Augustine Fou- 32 - Search Volume Trends Search volume spikes indicate when demand spikes. chocolate covered strawberries chocolate covered cherries Source; http://go-digital.net/blog/2011/12/search-as-research-using-search-for-continuous-consumer-insights/
  • 33. Augustine Fou- 33 - Optimize Existing Content Search volume provides insights to select optimal keywords
  • 34. Augustine Fou- 34 - swine flu h1n1 swine flu drove 1st peak h1n1 drove 2nd peak Purell demand and search volume lifted Study Cause and Effect
  • 35. Augustine Fou- 35 - Marketing Performance Detect if target users are searching more, during marketing Tapentadol Nucynta Source: Google Trends
  • 36. Augustine Fou- 36 - Optimize Delivery Channel Reach and engage high-risk diabetes patients in Harlem via mobile devices Mobile-first approach based on target audience tech
  • 37. Augustine Fou- 37 - Audience Segmentation The exact words users use to search indicates who they are Physician Nurse Patient “orexin receptor agonist” “dosage” “sleep drug”“how to administer” “hysterectomy” “hysterectomy recovery time” “hysterectomy surgeon” Top of Funnel Consideration Ready to Act
  • 38. Augustine Fou- 38 - Real-time Feedback/Insights Augustine Fou- 38 - Did consumers request device, pick up from pharmacy?
  • 39. Augustine Fou- 39 - Salesforce eDetailing Augustine Fou- 39 - Analytics of usage of content assets
  • 40. Augustine Fou- 40 - GE #GetFit Cancer Prevention Campaign Source: Waggener Edstrom
  • 41. Augustine Fou- 41 - Recap 1. Irreversible Technology Trends 2. Changes in User Behavior 3. Direct-to-Consumer? New Audiences 4. How to Take Advantage of New Oppts ... have changed the landscape in which we market ... mean the rules of the game have changed ... is a must; creates new competitive advantages ... leverage the data and faster feedback loops
  • 42. Augustine Fou- 42 - Dr. Augustine Fou – Digital Consigliere “I advise pharma, med-device, and healthcare clients on using digital insights to drive innovation and create sustainable competitive advantage.” FORMER CHIEF DIGITAL OFFICER, HCG (OMNICOM) MCKINSEY CONSULTANT CLIENT SIDE / AGENCY SIDE EXPERIENCE PROFESSOR AND COLUMNIST ENTREPRENEUR / SMALL BUSINESS OWNER PHD MATERIALS SCIENCE (MIT '95) AT AGE 23 ClickZ Articles: http://www.clickz.com/author/1151/augustine-fou Slideshares: http://www.slideshare.net/augustinefou Bio: http://www.linkedin.com/in/augustinefou LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/today/author/84444-augustinefou @acfou
  • 43. Augustine Fou- 43 - Further reading … Search Marketing and Social Media in Regulated Industries - http://bit.ly/zCBLaY Mobile Stats and Research - http://bit.ly/19FqWN6 Articles and Slideshares on Innovation by Augustine Fou - http://bit.ly/1bOaW8W Augustine Fou- 43 -