1. The Holocaust
Beginning of Hate

2. Roots of Anti- Semitism
• Discrimination of the Jewish people stems
back to biblical times
• Egyptians used the Jews as slaves
• Jews blamed during the Middle Ages for
the plague
• Jewish community has been fighting over
the territory of Israel since biblical times

3. Inside the Jewish Culture
• Jewish culture focuses on education as the most
important
• Jewish culture focuses on being frugal and not
buying items outside your needs
• Jewish culture shows a high respect for elders
• Jewish women are never to show their hair or
large parts of their skin to anyone other than their
husband.
• Jewish religion speaks of returning to their
homeland, Israel

4. Hitler’s Target
• After WWI, many successful business owners
were of the Jewish faith
• Hitler blamed wealthy business men for the
corruption in the government and loss of WWI
• Hitler made the Jewish community into a
scapegoat for the country
• Hitler's first goal was to dehumanize the Jews

6. Symbols of Hate: Swastika
• Swastika- Nazi symbol to display the Nazi
ideology used on the flag, and sewn into every
Nazi uniform, used as a display that you support
or are a member of the Nazi Party. Became a
modern day symbol of hate and anti-Semitism
• The word "swastika" comes from the Sanskrit svastika - "su" meaning "good,"
"asti" meaning "to be," and "ka" as a suffix.
• Until the Nazis used this symbol, the swastika was used by
many cultures throughout the past 3,000 years to represent
life, sun, power, strength, and good luck.

8. Symbols of Hate: the SS
• Adolf Hitler founded the Schutzstaffel (SS) in April of 1925, as a group of
personal bodyguards.
• The man in charge of the SS was Heinrich Himmler, who commanded the
SS from 1929 until 1945.
• Between 1934 and 1936, the SS gained control of Germany's police forces and
expanded their responsibilities. Because of these new responsibilities, the SS
divided into two sub-units: the Allgemeine-SS (General SS), and the
Waffen-SS (Armed SS).
• The General SS dealt with local police matters and with "racial matters."
The General SS also dealt with foreign espionage and counterintelligence.
• The Waffen-SS dealt with military matters, ran the concentration camps
and were dispersed in the regular army
• Because of the distasteful nature of their duties, members of the SS were
schooled for many years in racial hatred, and were encouraged to harden their
hearts to human suffering.
• Easily recognizable by the lightning-shaped "S" insignia on their black
uniforms, they soon became known as the purest of all Germans.

10. Symbols of Hate: Nazi
• The German Workers' Party , the beginning of the Nazi Party, , consisted of
demobilized soldiers from WWI. They were disgruntled and looking for an
extreme change in government after the back lash of WWI and the Treaty of
Versailles
• Adolf Hitler joined this small political party in 1919 and rose to leadership
through his emotional and captivating speeches. He encouraged national pride,
militarism, and a commitment to the Volk and a racially "pure" Germany.
• Hitler condemned the Jews, exploiting anti-Semitic feelings that had prevailed
in Europe for centuries. He changed the name of the party to the National
Socialist German Workers' Party, called for short, the Nazi Party (or
NSDAP).
• By the end of 1920, the Nazi Party had about 3,000 members. A year later
Hitler became its official leader, or Führer.

12. Symbols of Hate: Jewish Star of
David
• The Magen David (shield of David, or as it is more commonly known, the Star
of David) is the symbol most commonly associated with Judaism today, but it
is actually a relatively new Jewish symbol. It is supposed to represent the
shape of King David's shield (or perhaps the emblem on it), but there is really
no support for that claim in any early rabbinic literature .
• In the middle ages, Jews often were required to wear badges to identify
themselves as Jews,
• During the 1930’s they were forced to wear similar badges in Nazi Germany
and Nazi Occupied territory
• These Jewish badges were not always the familiar Magen David. For
example, a fifteenth century painting by Nuno Goncalves features a rabbi
wearing a six-pointed badge that looks more or less like an asterisk.

13. Gestapo
• the German state secret police during the
Nazi regime, organized in 1933 and
notorious for its brutal methods and
operations.
• Göring became the commander of this new
force on April 26, 1933.

15. Ghetto
• Confining Jews in ghettos was not Hitler's brainchild. For
centuries, Jews had faced persecution, and were often
forced to live in designated areas called ghettos .
• The Nazis' ghettos differed, however, in that they were a
preliminary step in the annihilation of the Jews, rather than
a method to just isolate them from the rest of society.
• As the war against the Jews progressed, the ghettos
became transition areas, used as collection points for
deportation to death camps and concentration camps
• The five major ghettos were located in Warsaw, Lódz,
Kraków, Lublin, and Lvovnd Lvov.

16. Arbeit Macht Frei" (Work Brings Freedom or Labor
sets you free) was the sign over the gates of
Auschwitz. It was placed there by Major Rudolf Hoss,
commandant of the camp.
He seems not to have intended it as a mockery, nor
even to have intended it literally, nor as a false
promise that those who worked to exhaustion would
eventually be released, but rather as a kind of mystical
declaration that self-sacrifice in the form of endless
labor does in itself bring a kind of spiritual freedom.

17. Concentration Camp
• The term concentration camp refers to a
camp in which people are detained or
confined
• usually under harsh conditions and without
regard to legal norms of arrest and
imprisonment that are acceptable in a
constitutional democracy.
• The first concentration camps in Germany were
established soon after Hitler's appointment as chancellor in
1933

18. Auschwitz
• The Auschwitz concentration camp complex was the largest of its kind
established by the Nazi regime.
• It included three main camps, all of which deployed incarcerated prisoners at
forced labor.
• One of them also functioned for an extended period as a killing center.
• Auschwitz I in May 1940 (15.44 square miles) permanent gas chamber was
constructed as part of the original crematorium in a separate building outside
the prisoner compound.
• At Auschwitz I, SS physicians carried out medical experiments in the hospital
Between the crematorium and the medical-experiments barrack stood the
"Black Wall," where SS guards executed thousands of prisoners.
• Auschwitz II (also called Auschwitz-Birkenau) in early 1942 had the largest
total prisoner population, it also contained the facilities for a killing center. It
played a central role in the German plan to kill the Jews of Europe.
• Auschwitz III (also called Auschwitz-Monowitz) in October 1942. Made to
house prisoners assigned to work at the Buna synthetic rubber works

20. Dachau
• Established in March • Heinrich Himmler, in his
1933, the Dachau capacity as police
concentration camp was president of Munich,
the first regular officially described the
concentration camp camp as “the first
established by the Nazis concentration camp for
in Germany. political prisoners.”
• The camp was located on • Dachau served as a
the grounds of an prototype and model for
abandoned munitions other Nazi concentration
factory near the town of camps that followed.
Dachau.

23. Heinrich Himmler
• Head of the Gestapo and the Waffen-SS
• Became one of the most feared men in Nazi
Germany
• Responsible for organizing the mass murder
of all German and European Jews
• Set up Dachau, and lead the charge of
extinguishing all “sub-humans” not just
Jewish persons.

24. Nuremburg Laws
Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor
• “Firm in the knowledge that the purity of German blood is
the basis for the survival of the German people and
inspired by the unshakeable determination to safeguard
the future of the German nation, the Reichstag has
unanimously resolved upon the following law, which is
promulgated herewith:
• Section 1
Marriages between Jews and citizens of German or some
related blood are forbidden.
Such marriages contracted despite the law are invalid,
even if they take place abroad in order to avoid the
law…’’

25. Nuremburg Laws
• Laws Restricted the rights of the Jews in
German territory in 1935
1. Jews could not marry any German Aryan
(Blond haired, blue eyes German, non-Jew)
2. Jews were no longer citizens of Germany
3. Jews could not hold jobs, buy or sell items, own
business, have maids that are of the Aryan race
4. Jews had to wear a Star of David patch that
labeled them as “Jude” (German for Jew)

26. KRISTALLNACHT
The Night of Broken Glass
• On November 9, 1938, the Nazis unleashed a wave of
pogroms against Germany's Jews.
• In the space of a few hours, thousands of Jewish
synagogues, businesses and homes were destroyed
• Began because a Jew shot a German officer in Paris for
revenge
• Killed at least 91 Jews
• Kristallnacht culminated the escalating violence against
the Jews
• First time the Jews were brought to concentration camps
• Hitler was upset about the incident, claiming it was too
early to show that type of brutality.

28. For the Next 10 Minutes
• Look at each of the following slides
• Do not giggle or say any inappropriate
words
• Write down for each of the following
images:
What you see and how that image makes you
feel. What emotions are evoked?