1. INFORMATION TECHOLOGY
GOOD MORNING I AM GOING TO SHOW YOU
A POWER POINT PRESENTATION ON TOPIC
THE LATEST TECHOLOGIES AND GADGETS
AND ABOUT ANDROID

3. The iFusion is an integrated communications docking station for
the Apple iPhone. Combining the capabilities of many topselling iPhone accessories into a single device, the iFusion
utilizes built-in Bluetooth technology, a full duplex speaker
phone and a patented ergonomic design to deliver superior voice
quality that meets the requirements of today's home and
business consumer.

4. The cradle design of the iFusion supports
the iPhone 3G, 3GS and 4, providing a
means to securely dock the phone while
supplying power, battery charging and
data synchronization via an integrated
USB cable. With support for A2DP
Bluetooth streaming, users are able to
enjoy their favorite iPhone music over the
internal speakerphone.

5. The Livescribe Echo Smartpen allows you to record audio while
you’re taking notes, and then play them back later. You can
save and share interactive notes to your computer, iPad or
iPhone via a micro-USB connector that also allows you
to recharge your pen. The memory storage holds 400 or 800 hours
of recorded audio, depending on the model, and includes an OLED
display that makes it easy to navigate smartpen apps.

6. The Logitech Wireless Solar Keyboard K750 makes
battery hassles a thing of the past, even indoors.
The keyboard connects automatically via a 2.4GHz
wireless unifying receiver, and the solar battery
will stay charged for up to 3 months, even in total
darkness.

7. The Boogie Board Jot 4.5 LCD eWriter is quite a looker,
considering how it sports a compact and durable design that
makes it ideal for writing quick memos and reminders on-the-go.
Small and lightweight, it should not be an issue to find a
pocket or purse to fit it in a jiffy. It comes with an
attachable tapered stylus and stackable design for a truly
unique user experience, while a plastic, removable cover helps
protect the writing surface from unwanted marks and scratches.

8. The laser keyboard is bright red in colour making it easy to view against variety
of backgrounds .The device is compatible not just with smart-phones but can be
used with tablets and multiple touch-screen gadgets. It syncs with the gadgets
via Bluetooth. The battery life of CTX VK200 Keyfob is impressive at 120 minutes
of continuous use. It can be charged via USB 2.0 port and is compatible with most
devices with Bluetooth ver 2.0 and 2.1. The Keyfob is prices at 100 dollars and
is expected to be available soon in the market.
The keyboard is formed of a small projector that emits laser rays to form a fully
functional keyboard on any flat surface..

9. The camera comes with built-in Wi-Fi capabilities and has a
2.8-inch tilting touch-screen. However, what is unique about
the camera is that it comes without a traditional shutter
button. To click a picture, the photographer can either click
on the camera touch-screen or press a ring around the lens.
Also, in place of a Zoom button, there is lens-ring control
option which can be pulled back and forth to adjust the lens.

10. The spanking new imageFORMULA P-208 Scan-tini personal scanner
is said to be able to quickly handle a variety of documents,
where they will include receipts, business cards, photographs,
bills and contracts, making life a snap when it comes to
managing and organizing personal documents or a small or mobile
office. These documents will then be converted into digital
information which is easily searched, not to mention stored,
and shared.

11. These Shoes were Made for Charging
as you walk, you generate pressure and in
turn, that pressure generates energy, so it
looks as though in the future you may be
able to just keep on talking, as long as you
are able to keep on walking.

12. Cardiorespiratory health has been defined as the ability of your heart, lungs and
organs to consume, transport and utilize oxygen, and it ought to be tracked and
monitored so that one is able to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Tinké relies on optical
sensing technologies in order to capture blood volume which changes at your fingertips,
where it quantifies both cardiorespiratory health and stress levels into indexes. These
two indexes will trend alongside one another for daily and monthly monitoring, while
delivering a better understanding of your health progression from the comfort of your
mobile devices.
The Vita Index is a personalized cardiorespiratory score which is depicted after
putting together data collected from heart rate, blood oxygen level and respiratory
rate, while the Zen Index relies on heart rate variability as its basis, churning out a
personalized score for your stress levels.

13. The Crux360™ is a
clamshell-keyboard case
that allows you to use the
iPad® in a multitude of
positions. All iPad ports
and buttons remain
accessible while using the
case.
 It features a full bluetooth® keyboard, and features four modes:
 Laptop Mode — allows use of the keyboard.
 Movie Mode — great for watching videos, playing games, or just
surfing the Internet.
 Tablet Mode — great for reading books or magazines.
 Carry Mode — closes up and protects your iPad’s® screen from nicks
and scratches.

14.  The iLuv iMM747 Audio Cube is a fully-dedicated iPad stereo
docking station. The Audio Cube provides two speaker
channels, each with iLuv’s enhanced jAura Soundcell
Technology. The iMM747 features easy docking via an
adjustable, sliding docking wall, which provides secure iPad
vertical support and a flexible 30 pin connector that
automatically adjusts to dock your iPhone 4 or iPod as well.

15.  Maximize your brightness during presentations with the NEC P420X, an
entry-grade professional installation projector loaded with eco-friendly and
advanced technologies. Ideal for corporate boardrooms, higher education
classrooms and government training rooms, this model delivers remarkable
brightness (4200 lumens) and features built-in wall color correction,
automatic keystone correction, wired and wireless networking, closed
captioning and up to 3500 hours of lamp life (in ECO ModeTM). The P420X
touts an active lens cover, which hides content, mutes audio and lowers lamp
brightness to 25%, allowing you to maximize the effectiveness of your
presentations.

16.  myDitto Key enables SoHo business professionals to access
their myDitto Servers remotely, through an easy-to-use,
lightweight USB key. From owners who frequently travel on
business trips to telecommuting employees, users simply
insert their myDitto Key into a laptop or PC and — through a
direct peer-to-peer connection — safely access any critical file
from their office network server no matter where they are.

17.  The WOWee ONE SLIM is a compact portable speaker unit which
provides a full range frequency response. It is intended for use as both
a fixed and portable solution for all iPod, iPad, mp3, mp4, mobile
phone and computer applications. It uses the same hybrid technology
as the WOWee ONE and produces an incredible bass sound with a
40Hz - 20kHz sound range.
 The unit is powered by an internal rechargeable battery and can deliver
up to 10 hours of playtime per charge. It can be recharged via
computer USB or a 5V USB power adapter using a plug. There is also a
built in LED low battery indicator.

18. The advantage or
disadvantage of technologies
depend on how people use it in
their daily lives. If we let these
technologies rule us then it
becomes bane. Conversely, if we
let these technologies to be our
buddies in studying then it is
boon.

19. What is IT?
 Information Technology (IT) is "the study, design,
development, implementation, support or
management of information systems".
 Information technology is a general term that
describes any technology that helps to produce,
manipulate, store, communicate, and/or
disseminate information.
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20. What is ICT?
 Information Communications Technology (ICT) covers
any product that will store, retrieve, manipulate,
transmit or receive information electronically in a
digital form. For example, personal computers, digital
television, email, robots.
 ICT is concerned with the storage, retrieval,
manipulation, transmission or receipt of digital data.
 It is also concerned with the way these different uses
can work with each other.
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21. The Importance of IT/ICT
 essential ingredient in managing business processes of
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most organizations
reduction in administration costs
improve staff productivity
assist in the design & manufacture of products
improve the efficiency of interactions with clients,
customers, suppliers & distribution outlets
create opportunities for new services, products &
business ventures
speed, efficiency, effectiveness & competitive
advantages
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22. IT Components
 Process
 Application (software)
 Hardware
that is used to get, create, arrange, analyze and
present the information in various format
including text, image, audio and video.
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23. Process
 The ability to translate the information
needs, to analyze and present the
information and the ability to analyze the
process effectiveness.
 It Includes techniques and activities that
involve
design, development, implementation and IT
management.
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24. Application (Software)
 Software can be categorized into:
 Curricular software
 it is designed to educate students with concepts and
skills. The learning objective is determine by the
software.

Generic software
 Software that is used to achieve various learning
objectives. Example: Word processor, databases and
multimedia
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25. Hardware
 The physical components of a computer
system
 Includes all types of technology hardware
including computers, scanner, modem,
printers etc.
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26. Telecommunication devices
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Wireless Phone
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
Walkie Talkie
Pager
Fax machine
Video Conferencing
Telegraph
Chatting software: Example IRC, Yahoo
Messenger
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27. Example of Telecommunication
Devices
CELULAR PHONE
PAGER
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28. Example of Telecommunication
Devices
PDA
WALKIE TALKIE
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29. Example of Telecommunication
Devices
FAX MACHINE
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30. Example of Telecommunication
Devices
Computer
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31. Computer
 An electronic device or a programmable machine
that receives inputs, stores and manipulates data
(retrieves and processes data), can be
programmed with instructions and provides
output in a useful format.
 A computer is composed of hardware and
software, and can exist in a variety of sizes and
configurations.
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32. Computer
Monitor
Central Processing
Unit (CPU)
Keyboard
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33. Types of Computer
 Analog
 Process physical data. Example: Temperature, air
pressure, electrical
 Digital
 Process data in binary ( 1 and 0)
 Hybrid
 Combination of analog and digital computers
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34. Components of Computer
 Central Processing Unit (CPU)
 Storage
 Input Devices
 Output Devices
 Communication Devices
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35. Central Processing Unit
(CPU)
 CPU or the processor is the portion of a computer system
that carries out the instructions of a computer program,
and is the primary element carrying out the computer's
functions.
 Manipulates raw data into a more useful form and
controls the other parts of the computer systems.
 A microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable,
clock driven, register based device that takes input and
provides output.
 E.g. Intel Pentium, AMD Athlon, SUN UltraSparc
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36. Storage
 A data storage device often called memory is a device for
recording (storing) information (data).
 Primary Storage (main memory, internal memory)
 Temporarily stores data and program instructions
during processing (volatile storage). Example RAM.
 Secondary Storage (external memory)
 Store data and programs when they are not being
used in processing. Example: HardDisk, Floppy Disk,
CD, DVD, Tape Drive, ROM, flash memory (USB)
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37. Input Devices
 Any peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment)
used to provide data and control signals to an
information processing system (such as a computer).
 Convert data and instructions into electronic form for
input into the computer.
 Example
 Pointing devices (mouse, touch screen)
 Source data automation (optical character recognition ~ Bar
code, magnetic ink character recognition)
 Handwriting recognition (pen-based input ~ PDA, laptop mouse
pointing)
 Keyboard, Scanner, sensor device
 voice input device (Microphone)
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38. Output Devices
 Any piece of computer hardware equipment
used to communicate the results of data
processing carried out by an information
processing system (such as a computer) to the
outside world.
 Convert electronic data produced by the
computer system and display them into a form
that people can understand.
 Example:Video Display Terminal (monitors),
Printers, plotters, speakers, headphone,
earphone.
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39. Communication Devices
 Communication is a process of transferring
information from one entity to another.
 Provide connections between the computer
and communication networks.
 Example: Modem, Digital Camera,
HeadPhone/Telephony (conferencing),
radio/TV.
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40. Categories of Computers
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Supercomputer
Mainframe
Midrange (Minicomputers)
Microcomputers
Workstation
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41. Supercomputer
 Highly sophisticated and powerful computer that
can perform very complex computations
extremely rapidly.
 Most powerful & expensive.
 Used in scientific and military work, such as
classified weapons research and weather
forecasting.
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42. Mainframe
 Largest category of computer, used for major
business processing.
 Intended to service multiple users
 Capable of handling and processing very large
amounts of data quickly.
 Used in large institutions such as government,
banks and large corporations.
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43. Midrange (Minicomputers)
 A class of computer systems which fall in between
mainframe computers and microcomputers.
 Capable of supporting the computing needs of small
organizations or of managing networks of other
computers such as in Universities, factories and
research laboratories as server to manage organization
computer network
 E.g. Digital Equipment Corporation, Hewlett-Packard
(HP3000 line), and Sun Microsystems (SPARC
Enterprise).
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44. Microcomputers
 A computer with a microprocessor as its central
processing unit
 Also known as personal computer.
 Physically small compared to mainframe and
mini.
 E.g. desktop computers, laptop and notebook
computers, tablet PC, palmtop computers,
personal digital assistants (PDA's).
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45. Workstation
 A high-end microcomputer designed for technical or
scientific applications.
 Intended primarily to be used by one person at a time,
they are commonly connected to a local area network
and run multi-user operating systems.
 Desktop computer with powerful graphics and
mathematical capabilities and the ability to perform
several complicated at once.
 Used in scientific, engineering and design work
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46. Computer Hardware
Monitor – 14”, 15”, 17” & 21”
Keyboards- 108, 110, 114 keys,
Mouse,
Speaker,
Printer,
Scanner,
CD Drive,
CD Writer
Floppy A Drive
Joy Stick
Plotter
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47. Monitor
•A monitor or display (sometimes called
a visual display unit) is an electronic
visual display for computers.
•It comprises the display device,
circuitry, and an enclosure.
•2 types of Monitor
• CRT -Cathode Ray Tube (just like
television set
•Flat Panel - Using TFT-LCD (thin
film transistor liquid crystal display,
or plasma display panel (pixel rely on
wgas in the cell or plasma)
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48. Printers

a printer is a peripheral which produces a
hard copy (permanent readable text and/or
graphics) of documents stored in electronic
form, usually on physical print media such
as paper or transparencies.
o
o
o
o
Dot matrix
Ink Jet
Laser Jet
Bubble Jet
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49. Software
 Complete instructions that control, manage and
support operational activities of computer
system.
 The collection of computer programs and related
data that provide the instructions telling a
computer what to do.
 3 basic functions:
a) manage computer system’s data sources
b) create platforms & tools to use the data source
c) act as the ‘middle-man’ between human and data source storage
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50. User
Application Software
System Software
Computer
Hardware
Relationship between User, Application
Software, System Software and Computer Hardware
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51. Example of Computer Software
 System Software
 Application Software
 Programming Languages
 Firmware
 Device Drivers
 Middleware
 Testware
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52. System Software
 A computer software designed to operate the
computer hardware and to provide and
maintain a platform for running application
software.
 The most important types of system software
are:
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The operating system
The computer BIOS and device firmware
Utility software
Computer Language Translation Programs
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53. Operating System
 Allows the parts of a computer to work together by
performing tasks like transferring data between memory
and disks or rendering output onto a display device.
 It also provides a platform to run high-level system
software and application software.
 Manages and control the computer’s activities
 Main functions of the operating system
 Allocates and assigns system resources
 Schedules the use of computer resources and computer job
 Monitor computer system activities
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54. Example of Operating System
 DOS
 UNIX
 OS/2
 Macintosh
 Windows 95/98/2000/NT/ME/XP
 LindowsOS
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55. DOS
 Disk Operating System (DOS)
 Operating system for older IBM and IBM-
compatible PCs between 1981 and 1995.
 Advantage:
 Ease of use ~ user interface (command line interface)
 Disadvantage:
 Do not support multitasking
 Limits program use of memory to 640 kilobytes
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56. DOS
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57. UNIX
 A computer operating system originally
developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T
employees at Bell Labs.
 Operating System for all types of computers,
which is machine independent and support
multi-user processing, multitasking and
networking.
 widely used in both servers and workstations
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58. UNIX
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59. OS/2
 Operating system/2 created by Microsoft and
IBM for IBM PCS that can take advantage of
the 32-bit microprocessor.
 Support multitasking and networking.
 Has its own graphical user interface and
desktop and server version
 Require memory intensive applications
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60. OS/2
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61. Macintosh
 OS for Apple Macintosh computer that
support multitasking.
 The first commercially successful personal
computer to feature a mouse and a graphical
user interface.
 Has access to the internet and has powerful
graphics and multimedia capabilities.
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62. Macintosh System 1.1
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63. Mac OS 8.0
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64. Mac OS X Jaguar
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65. Microsoft Windows
 A series of software operating systems and
graphical user interfaces produced by
Microsoft.
 Windows – Operating System to control and
manage computer activities
 Based on graphical user interface – easier to
use
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66. List of Microsoft Windows
versions
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1985 November 20 - Windows 1.01
1986 August - Windows 1.03
1986 May - Windows 1.02
1987 April - Windows 1.04
1987 December - Windows 2.03
1988 May - Windows 2.10
1989 March - Windows 2.11
1990 May - Windows 3.0
1992 August - Windows 3.1
1992 October - Windows for Workgroups 3.1
1993 August - Windows NT 3.1
1993 November - Windows for Workgroups 3.11
1993 October - Windows 3.2
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67. List of Microsoft Windows
versions (cont…)
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1994 September - Windows NT 3.5
1995 August - Windows 95
1995 June - Windows NT 3.51
1996 July - Windows NT 4.0
1998 June - Windows 98
2000 April - Windows Mobile
2000 February - Windows 2000
2000 June - Windows Me
2001 August - Windows XP
2003 April - Windows Server 2003
2006 November - Windows Vista
2008 February - Windows Server 2008
2009 July - Windows 7
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68. Windows 3.1
 Introduced graphical User Interface for
example Program manager
 Based on windows- allowing few program in
their own windows.
 Disadvantages:
 Require high memory and storage
 Operates only on computers with micro processor
286, 2MB RAM and at least 10MB hardisk.
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69. Windows 3.1
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70. Windows 95
 Popular in mid 90s, used in personal PCs.
 Most of the software is based on windows format
 Using storage area of 80 MB, 8MB RAM and micro
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processor at least 486 DX.
Using 32-bit operating system
Perform twice better than windows 3.1(16-bit)
Support multitasking
Support plug and play
Better GUI
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71. Windows 95
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72. Windows 98
 32-bit operating system that is closely integrated
with the Internet and that supports multitasking,
multithreading and networking
 Faster and more integrated compare to windows
95 with support for additional hardware such as
MMX, DVD.
 The most visible features is integration of the OS
with Web browser software
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73. Windows 98
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74. Windows 2000
 32-bit operating system for PCs, workstations
and network servers.
 Support multitasking, multiprocessing,
intensive networking and Internet services for
corporate computing.
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75. Windows 2000 Pro
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76. Windows ME
 Microsoft Windows ME (Millennium Edition)
 Enhanced Windows Operating System for
consumer users featuring tools for working with
video, photos, music and home networking.
 Improved capabilities for safeguarding critical
files.
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77. Windows ME
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78. Windows NT
 Microsoft Windows NT (New Technology)
 Posses the same ability in UNIX such as multi-user,
multitasking and high security.
 Suitable for high technology application, graphic
and animation.
 Appropriate as server in a network.
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79. Windows NT 3.1
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80. Windows XP
 Microsoft Windows XP (Experience)
 Reliable, robust operating system with versions
for both home and corporate users.
 Features support of internet and multimedia and
improved networking, security and corporate
management capabilities
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81. Windows XP
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82. LindowsOS
 Linspire, previously known as LindowsOS, was a
commercial operating system based on Debian
GNU/Linux and later Ubuntu.
 The first "Broadband OS"
 Built to take full advantage of broadband
technology.
 Designed to fully utilize the world of
tomorrow, where Internet connectivity is bountiful
and cheap, and computers are ubiquitous.
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83. LindowsOS
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84. The computer BIOS and device
firmware
 The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is a standard defining a firmware
interface. It is built into the PC.
 Firmware is a term often used to denote the fixed, usually rather small,
programs and data structures that internally control various electronic
devices. It provides basic functionality to operate and control the
hardware connected to or built into the computer.
 The primary function of the BIOS is to load and start an operating system.
When the PC starts up, the first job for the BIOS is to initialize and
identify system devices such as the video display card, keyboard and
mouse, hard disk, CD/DVD drive and other hardware. The BIOS then
locates software held on a peripheral device (designated as a 'boot
device'), such as a hard disk or a CD, and loads and executes that
software, giving it control of the PC.
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85. The computer BIOS and device
firmware (example)
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86. Utility software
 Utility software is a kind of system software designed to help analyze,
configure, optimize and maintain the computer.
 A single piece of utility software is usually called a utility or tool.
 Example of utility softwares:
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Disk storage utilities ~ manage the storage like HDD, FDD, CD
Disk defragmenters ~ detect computer files whose contents are broken across several locations on the
hard disk, and move the fragments to one location to increase efficiency.
Disk partitions ~ divide an individual drive into multiple logical drives
Backup utilities ~ make a copy of all information stored on a disk, and restore either the entire disk or
selected files
Disk compression ~ compress/uncompress the contents of a disk, increasing the capacity of the disk.
Anti-virus utilities ~ scan for computer viruses.
Registry cleaners ~ clean and optimize the Windows registry by removing old registry keys that are no
longer in use.
Network utilities ~ analyze the computer's network connectivity, configure network settings, check data
transfer or log events.
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87. Computer Language
Translation Programs
 Convert programming languages into machine language.
 Programs written in high-level language such as COBOL, C must be
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translated into machine language that the computer can execute
The program in high-level language before translation is called
source code.
A compiler translates source code into machine code called object
code
But some programming language do not use complier, but use an
interpreter
Interpreter used to translate each source code statement one at a
time into machine code during execution and executes it. It is a bit
slow to execute since it translated one statement at a time.
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88. Application software
 Also known as an application, is computer software designed
to help the user to perform singular or multiple related specific
tasks.
 Examples include enterprise software, accounting software,
office suites, graphics software and media players.
 Application software that we will learn in this class
 Word Processor (Microsoft Word)

Electronic Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
 Database (Microsoft Access)
 Graphic presentation
 Presentation (Microsoft Power Point)
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89. Word Processor
 A computer application used for the production and
manipulating (including composition (creating), editing,
formatting, deleting, saving and possibly printing) of any
sort of printable material (e.g. memo, letters, report,
etc.)
 Advantages (in comparison with type writer)
 Save time and efficient to create documents
 More flexible in term of deleting, and editing the content
 Used in
 Business
 Personal
 Education…etc
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90. Electronic spreadsheet
 A computer application that simulates a paper, accounting
worksheet, which manipulates lines and numbers and to do
calculation and is used to create charts, graph and table.
 It displays multiple cells that together make up a grid consisting of
rows and columns, each cell containing alphanumeric text, numeric
values or formulas.
 A formula defines how the content of that cell is to be calculated
from the contents of any other cell (or combination of cells) each
time any cell is updated.
 Spreadsheets are frequently used for financial information because
of their ability to re-calculate the entire sheet automatically after a
change to a single cell is made.
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91. Database
 Consists of an organized collection of related data for one or more
uses, typically in digital form.
 Shared collection of logically related data (and a description of this
data), designed to meet the information needs of an organization
 Advantages:
 Data consistency
 More information from the same amount of data
 Sharing of data
 Improved data integrity
 Improved security
 Enforcement of standards
 Economy of scale
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92. Graphic Presentation
 A computer program that allows users to
compose and edit graphics images and
pictures interactively on a computer and save
them in one of many popular vector graphics
formats, such as EPS, PDF, WMF, SVG, or
VML .
 Animation
 Example: Corel Draw, Photoshop.
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93. Programming languages
 An artificial language designed to express computations that can be
performed by a machine, particularly a computer.
 Programming languages can be used to create programs that
control the behavior of a machine, to express algorithms precisely,
or as a mode of human communication.
 Many programming languages have some form of written
specification of their syntax (form) and semantics (meaning).
 It can be divided into:



Low-level programming languages
High-level programming languages
Very high-level programming languages
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94. Low-level Programming
languages
 A programming language that provides little or no
abstraction from a computer's instruction set
architecture.
 The word "low" refers to the small or nonexistent amount
of abstraction between the language and machine
language; because of this, low-level languages are
sometimes described as being "close to the hardware."
 Low-level programming languages are sometimes
divided into two categories:
 first generation
 second generation.
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95. First Generation Languages
 The first-generation programming language, or 1GL
also known as Machine Language, is machine code.
 It is the only language a microprocessor can process
directly without a previous transformation.
 Using binary code ( 1 and 0 )
 Programming in machine language is very slow,
labor-intensive process
 Example : 1010 1101 8B54 2408 83FA 0077
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96. Second Generation Languages

2GL, is assembly language, developed in 1950s that resembles machine
language but substitutes mnemonics for numeric codes. ( example: load,
sum).

It is considered a second-generation language because while it is not a
microprocessor's native language, an assembly language programmer must
still understand the microprocessor's unique architecture (such as its
registers and instructions).

These simple instructions are then assembled directly into machine code.

The assembly code can also be abstracted to another layer in a similar
manner as machine code is abstracted into assembly code.

Difficult to read, debug and learn and costly in term of programmers time

Example:

mov edx, [esp+8], cmp edx, 0, ja @f, mov eax, 0, ret
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97. High-level Programming
languages
 A programming language with strong abstraction from the details of
the computer.
 It may use natural language elements, be easier to use, or be more
portable across platforms.
 Such languages hide the details of CPU operations such as memory
access models and management of scope.
 It makes the language user-friendly.
 Can be divided into:


3rd Generation language
4th Generation language
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98. 3rd Generation Language
 Specify instructions as brief statements that
are more like natural language than assembly
language.
 Easier to write and understand in comparison
of assembly language.
 More user friendly
 Example: FORTRAN, COBOL,BASIC, Pascal
Lisp and C
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99. 4th generation Languages
 A programming language that can be employed directly by end user
or less skilled programmers to develop computer applications more
rapidly than conventional programming languages (nonprocedural
or less).
 Use for the development of commercial business software
 Seven categories of 4th generation languages







Query languages
Report generators
Graphics languages
Application generators
Very high level programming languages
Application software packages
PC tools
 E.g. LINC (Logic and Information Network Compiler), Oracle Express
4GL.
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100. Very High-level Programming
languages
 A programming language with a very high level of abstraction, used
primarily as a professional programmer productivity tool.
 Very high-level programming languages are usually limited to a very
specific application, purpose, or type of task.
 For this reason, very high-level programming languages are often
referred to as goal-oriented programming languages.
 Example: 5th Generation Language
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101. 5th Generation Languages
 A programming language based around
solving problems using constraints given to
the program, rather than using an algorithm
written by a programmer.
 Used mainly in artificial intelligence research.
 E.g. Prolog, OPS5 (Official Production
System), and Mercury
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102. Firmware
 Low-level software often stored on electrically programmable
memory devices.
 Fixed, usually small programs and data structures that internally
control various electronic devices.
 Examples of devices containing firmware range from end-user
products such as remote controls or calculators, through computer
parts and devices like hard disks, keyboards, TFT screens or memory
cards, all the way to scientific instrumentation and industrial
robotics.
 Also more complex consumer devices, such as mobile phones,
digital cameras, synthesizers, etc., contain firmware to enable the
device's basic operation as well as implementing higher-level
functions.
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103. Device Drivers
 A device driver or software driver is a computer
program allowing higher-level computer programs
to interact with a hardware device.
 Control parts of computers such as disk drives,
printers, CD drives, or computer monitors.
 Acts as a translator between a hardware device and
the applications or operating systems that use it.
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104. Middleware
 Computer software that connects software components
or applications.
 Controls and co-ordinates distributed systems which
includes web servers, application servers, and similar
tools that support application development and delivery.
 Examples include EAI (Enterprise Application
Integration) software, telecommunications software,
transaction monitors, and messaging-and-queueing
software.
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105. Middleware
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106. Testware
 Software for testing hardware or a software
package.
 Example use of testware: Web testing, environment & compatibility
testing, performance testing
 Functional testing, scalability testing, test
automation, load and stress testing
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107. IT in Management
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Latest in cost efficiency- including labor cost,
transportation, communication
Increment in business performance – virtual marketing
and globalization, Sharing of information
Global marketing- E-commerce, E-business
Increment in customer satisfaction
Increment in share market
Low margin cost
Increment in quality- products and services
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108. The Importance of Computer
 Efficiency and effectiveness in information









management
Business management
Education purposes
Borderless world
Military
Entertainment
Finance and banking
Town planning
Publication
Graphic and animation
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109. The Problems of Computer
 Computer crime
 Hackers
 Illegal downloading
 Hard to manage
 Computer broke down
 Gap between humans
 Less communication among people
 Secluded in their rooms
 Privacy and confidentiality
 Personal information can be revealed easily
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110. Review
 Introduction
 IT & ICT
 Computer
 Hardware
 Software
 Application
 Operating System
 Programming Languages
 Windows Technology
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112. Introduction
 Android's mobile
operating system is based
on the Linux kernel and is
the world's best-selling
Smartphone.
 There are currently over
200,000 apps available for
Android that are made
accessible through the
Android Market, which is
the online app store run
by Google.
 The apps are primarily
written in Java.

113. Introduction
 The Android operating
system, including the
Linux kernel, contains
approximately 12
million lines of code.
 In this there are: 3
million lines of XML,
2.8 million lines of C,
2.1 million lines of
Java, and 1.75 million
lines of C++.

114. Android Framework

115. Background
 Android Inc. was founded in Palo
Alto, California in October, 2003
by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick
Sears, and Chris White.
 Their goal was to develop a
"smarter mobile device that was
more aware of its owner's
location and preferences.”
 They operated secretively,
admitting only that they were
working on software for mobile
phones.

116. Background
 Google acquired Android
Inc. in
August, 2005, making
Android Inc. a wholly
owned part of Google Inc.
 Nick Sears was the only
original founder that did
not stay with Android Inc.
after the acquisition.
 At this point in
time, many assumed that
Google was planning to
enter the mobile phone
market with this move.

117. Background
 Once at Google, Rubin led a
team to develop a mobile
device platform powered by
the Linux kernel.
 Google marketed the
platform to handset makers
and carriers with the intent
of providing a flexible,
upgradable system.
 This caused speculation
about Google's intention to
enter the mobile
communications market to
build.

118. Background
 On October 21st, 2008,
Android 1.0 became
available to the public.
 "Today's announcement is
more ambitious than any
single 'Google Phone' that the
press has been speculating
about over the past few
weeks. Our vision is that the
powerful platform we're
unveiling will power
thousands of different phone
models.“
-Eric Schmidt, former
Google Chairman/CEO

119. Explanation
Features of Android 1.0
 Android Market application download and updates through the Market
app
 Web browser to show, zoom and pan full HTML and XHTML web pages 






multiple pages show as windows ("cards")Video
Camera support, but no way to change resolution, white balance, quality,
etc.
Folders allow the grouping of a number of app icons into a single folder
icon on the Home screen.
Email provides access to email servers commonly found on the Internet
and supports POP3, IMAP4, and SMTP.
Gmail synchronization with the Gmail app
Google Contacts synchronization with the People app
Google Calendar synchronization with the Calendar app
Google Maps with Latitude and Street View to view maps and satellite
imagery, as well as find local business and get driving directions using GPS

120. More Features










Google Search of the internet and phone apps, contacts, calendar, etc.
Google Talk instant messaging.
Instant messaging, text messaging, and MMS.
Media Player enables managing, importing, and playing back but
lacked video and stereo Bluetooth support
Notifications appear in the Status bar - drag down to see details, also
ringtone, LEDs and vibration options.
Voice Dialer allows dialing and placing of phone calls without typing a
name or number
Wallpaper allows the user to set the background image or photo
behind the Home screen icons and widgets.
YouTube video player.
Other apps include: Alarm Clock, Calculator, Dialer (Phone), Home
screen (launcher), Pictures (Gallery), and Settings.
Other supported features include: WiFi, and Bluetooth.

121. Explanation
Current Features

Handset Layouts


Storage


The platform is adaptable to larger,
VGA, 2D graphics library, 3D
graphics library based on OpenGL ES
2.0 specifications, and traditional
smartphone layouts.
SQLite, a lightweight relational
database, is used for data storage
purposes
Connectivity

Android supports connectivity
technologies including GSM/EDGE,
IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS,
Bluetooth, Wi-Fi (no connections
through Proxy server and no Ad hoc
wireless network) LTE, NFC and
WiMAX.

122. Features (cont.)
 Messaging

SMS and MMS are available forms of
messaging, including threaded text
messaging and now Android Cloud to
Device Messaging Framework is also
a part of the Android Messaging
service.
 Multiple Language Support

Several languages are available on
Android. The number of languages
more than doubled for the platform
2.3. However, it lacks font rendering
of several languages even after
official announcements of added
support.
 Web Browser

The web browser available for
Android uses the open-source WebKit
layout engine, along with Chrome's
JavaScript engine.

123. Dalvik Virtual Machine
 Java Support
 Most Android apps are
written in Java, however,
there is no Java Virtual
Machine in the platform and
Java byte code is not
executed.
 Java classes are compiled into
Dalvik executables and run on
the Dalvik virtual machine.
 Dalvik is a specialized virtual
machine designed specifically
for Android and optimized for
battery-powered mobile
devices with limited memory
and CPU.
Dalvik Virtual Machine

124. Media Support
Android supports the following
audio/video/still media formats:








WebM
H.263
H.264 (in 3GP or MP4
container)
MPEG-4 SP
AMR
AMR-WB (in 3GP
container)
AAC
HE-AAC (in MP4 or 3GP
container)









MP3
MIDI
Ogg Vorbis
FLAC
WAV
JPEG
PNG
GIF
BMP

125. Multi-Touch
 Android has support for
multi-touch which was
originally made available in
handsets such as the HTC
Hero.
 The feature was originally
disabled at the kernel level
(possibly to avoid infringing
Apple's patents on touchscreen technology at the
time).
 Google has since released
an update for the Nexus One
and the Motorola Droid
which enables multi-touch.

126. Android 2.3 Gingerbread
 Latest version
available for mobile
phones
 Enhanced UI with
more polish and
several refinements
 Also adds support for
NFC, which allows for
mobile payments with
only the use of the
device

127. Google TV
 Based on Android,
Google TV allows your
TV to be connected to
the internet and all of
the media content that
it has to offer.

128. Android 3.0 Honeycomb
 Designed for use on
Tablet devices
 Different UI compared
to Version 2.3
Gingerbread

129. All the various android OS

130. Significance
 Android is the fastest growing mobile operating
system.
 Its growing even faster than IOS!!
 More developers are choosing to create Android
applications
 Amazing different apps available.

131. Summary
 Started as a small idea
by a few developers
 Fastest growing and
most popular mobile
 Purchased by Google
OS available
 The future of mobile
computing is Android!
 Puts Stucki’s Iphone to
shame.
 First open source
mobile operating
system
 Set higher standards
for what a smartphone
should be

132. Done by
A.SHIVAMANI
TH ‘A’
9