pengajian malaysia bab 3

MPW1133
CHAPTER 3
MALAYSIAN STUDIES
THE FORMATION OF MALAYSIA
SCHOOL OF GENERAL STUDIES
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND COMMUNICATION
PREPARED BY:
SITI AISHAH BT AHMAD

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CHAPTER 3: The Formation of Malaysia
At the end of this chapter, students should be able to:
 Recognise the reasons for the formation of Malaysia.
 Observe the process in forming Malaysia.
 Take note of the reactions from ASEAN countries, Sabah and
Sarawak towards the formation of Malaysia.
 Explain the formation of Malaysia issued by Brunei and
Singapore.
LEARNING OUTCOMES

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3.1 The Formation Of The Federation Of Malaysia
3.2 The Purpose Of The Formation Of Malaysia
3.3 The Responses Towards The Formation Of Malaysia
3.4 The Process Of Formation
3.5 The Issues Of Brunei And Singapore
3.5.1 The Issue Of Brunei
3.5.2 The Issue Of Singapore
3.6 The Response Of ASEAN Nations- Indonesia And Philippines
3.7 Activity
TOPIC OUTLINES

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INTRODUCTION
After the independence 1957, Malaysia
gave an idea to unite with it’s
neighbour countries in order to form
one independence state. Lot of
obstacles and confrontations faced by
the former leaders to achieve their
mission and vision.
Tunku Abdul Rahman played an
important role to inform and unite the
states by telling them the importance
of being part of Malaysia and what they
can promise in order to free Sabah and
Sarawak from British invasion.

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In 1955 during the UMNO
General Assembly, Tunku
Abdul Rahman had
mentioned the idea to invite
Singapore to join Malaya and
then further it more to
Brunei, Sarawak and British
North Borneo

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Five states were recommended to become a part of Malaya:
Brunei British North Borneo (Sabah)
Sarawak
Singapore
Federation of Malaya

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Many factors had a hand in the formation of
Malaysia. A political factor, important to all the
future member states, was the issue of peace
and stability in the region.
The countries felt that they would be more
successful in containing the growing communist
threat if controlled cooperatively within
Malaysia.
Economic and social factors including
cooperation in the development of natural
resources and the nurturing of better
understanding of the new identity were other
factors that attracted the people of the
prospective member countries.

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In launching the Malaysian dream, Tunku and Kuala Lumpur underwent many
difficulties. Two forms of problems were experienced at different stages.
Visit after visit was made to inform the people besides discussion with the
leaders of the countries concerned. After much consultation and action, various
committees were set up.
Malaysia finally came into being. Initially four countries, Brunei, Sabah, Sarawak
and Singapore were interested to become members
At the last minute, Brunei backed out because of differences in the consideration
of status and authority

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To curtail communist threats in ASEAN countries.
To speed up the process of independence.
To form understanding and cooperation in the
economic sectors.
To protect the Bumiputera communities of Sabah and
Sarawak.
To preserve of the rights and priorities of the
Bumiputeras.

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3.2.1 Factors that lead to the formation
Independence through
unification
Understanding for
development
Economic cooperation
Ethnic balance and unity
Collective fight against
Communism
Click each factor for further explanation.

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3.3 Responses Towards The Formation Of Malaysia
BRITISH
MALAYA
SINGAPORESARAWAK
SABAH
BRUNEI

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3.3.1 Singapore
On the whole, all the political parties
agreed to the concept of Malaysia
and the formation of a new
government and nation. Lee Kuan
Yew was very interested in the
concept.
At the beginning, the Singaporeans
supported the idea but the
transformation in the politics of
Singapore in 1961 altered their
stand.

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3.3.2 Brunei
Even though not all the citizens of
Brunei consented to the formation of
Malaysia, the majority reacted
positively.
Sultan Omar Ali Sarifuddin was
interested and regarded it was an
excellent idea. However, the concept
was opposed by A.M Azahari, who
was the leader of the Brunei People’s
Party
•Two months before the proclamation
of Malaysia, Brunei retreated as it felt it
could not get its rights and had to wait
years in order to rule the country.

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3.3.3 Sabah and Sarawak
The people of Sabah and Sarawak
were very supportive of the formation.
They realised that the formation of
Malaysia meant independence from
British rule.
However, concerns also emerged from
certain parties who were afraid that
their rights as Bumiputera in Sabah
and Sarawak would be affected.

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JPPM (Integration Dialogues Committee) was
introduced.
Members of JPPM were as follows:
a) Headed by Donald Stephen (member of the
HOR in Sabah)
b) Tunku Abdul Rahman (Tanah Melayu)
c) Lee Kwan Yew ( Singapore)
d) Datu Mustapa Datu Harun ( Sabah)
e) Temenggung Jugah Anak Barieng (Sarawak)
f) Dato’ Setia Pengiran Ali ( Brunei)
The reason of the formation:
1).in order to get support from the community.
2).Besides, Tunku Abdul Rahman approached
people by telling them that Sabah and Sarawak
will get independence if they join the formation.
3). To prepare a memorandum on how MALAYSIA
to be established.

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Was established in January 1961.
Headed by Lord Cobbold ( former Governor Bank of England).
Members:
Sir Anthony Abell,
Sir David Watherston,
Muhammad Ghazali Shafi’e
Dato’ Wong Pow Nee.
The Task of this commission was:
1) To oversee the Sabah and Sarawak opinion in the formation.
2) To prepare a draft for constitution
70% of both states agreed with the formation.
1/3 Agreed
1/3 Agreed with condition
1/3 wanted independence first

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JAK (Inter-Governmental Committee)
Was established in August 1962.
Headed by Lord Lansdowne, assisted by Tun Abdul Razak.
Had members from Malaya and England
The task of this committee was to legislate law based on the draft
prepared by the Cobbold Commission.
1) The Islamic Religion was the main religion of the federation.
However, non Muslims in Sabah are free to remain or choose any
based on their belief.
2) The English Language– is the formal language in Sabah and
Sarawak until the House of Representative made their decision to
amend this.
3). The Immigration under the supervision of the state.
4) The Education systems remain as implemented.
5) Parliament representative must be chosen by majority vote and
the width area.

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There were a few UMNO leaders
who were calculative about the
benefits or the loss that Malaya
might face when united with
Singapore.
However, with Sabah and Sarawak
coming into Malaysia, the anxiety
about the Malay privileges in terms
of citizenship ratios was not too
serious.
PAS strongly opposed the
formation of Malaysia.

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British
Generally, the British government agreed
with the formation of Malaysia. The Idea
actually came from them. Sir Malcolm
MacDonald (1947), Donald Marshall and
Tan Sri Ghazali Shafie in 1955.
This combination meant that British
colonial power will be rendered upon the
aborigines and it will preserve the interest
of British investment in the region.
Besides, to strengthen the administration
in Asia Region after the defeat of the
Japanese.

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3.4 The Process Of Formation
June 1961 –
Tunku Abdul
Rahman Social
Visit to Sabah
dan Sarawak,
Brunei
August 1961 –
Discussion in
Singapore
Discussion
about Borneo
states priorities.
August 1961 –
Integration
dialogues
committee.
November 1961
– Tunku Abdul
Rahman and
British
Government
discussion in
London.
January 1962 –
Cobbold
Commission
Committee
August 1962 –
Inter
Government
The Singapore
Referendum,
September
1962
The opposition
from Indonesia
and Filipina
June 1963 –
United Nation
Mission
The declaration
of Malaysia on
16 September
1963

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3.5.1 The Issue of Brunei
At the beginning, the Sultan of Brunei
agreed to the formation as they wanted to
escape from the Philippines and Indonesia.
Besides, there were similarities shared by
Malay Federation and Brunei itself.
The sudden change was due to its
unfulfilled demands.
a) Oil which was the main resources in
Brunei.
b) He had to wait 5 years term in order to
rule the country.
c) Pressure from A.M Azahari. Brunei
People Party leader.
1 2 3Click each button to
go to next page

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3.5.1 The Issue of Singapore
Two years after Singapore joined Malaysia,
the problem of polarization between Malays
and Chinese rose. The mediums of the
conflict were People Action Party (PAP) and
Alliance Party.
Lee Kuan Yew administration was Radical and
lead to the split between his party and United
People’s Party (UPP) was headed by Ong
Eng Guan.
Lee Kuan Yew thought that by joining the
formation would save his reputation.
The first election of the Malaysian Federation
Parliament was held in 1964 and initiated the
split relationship between Singapore and
Kuala Lumpur.

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In August 1961, LKY met TAR to draft a
temporary agreement on the formation. The
contents are:
a) Singapore would be a free duty port.
b) The Singapore education will be
administered by his administration.
c) Singapore will benefit both in economic
sectors.
d) Singapore members of Parliament will
be comprised 15 people.
These conditions resulted in the disagreement
by the federal state.

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In October 1961, The Socialist Party led by Dr
Lee Siew Choh had a meeting to oppose the
administration system and the conditions
made by Lee Kuan Yew on the formation with
Malay Federation.
They wanted to have an election to get the
new President as they found that Lee Kuan
Yew was not proper in his administration.
However the 17 committee and his supporters
managed to clear up everything and PAP
received 71% support.
Opposition by the Socialist Party in
Singapore

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3.6 The Response Of ASEAN Nations: Indonesia And Philippines

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Video 1
This video shows that how rankle Indonesia towards Malaysia and lead to the confrontation

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Sukarno launched a confrontation
against Malaysia on January 20th 1963
after the failure of influencing Malaya.
The protest was due to Sukarno’s
feeling when Kuala Lumpur neglected
Indonesia in forming the new country.
The formation of Malaysia also
vanquished the Sukarno’s wish to form
Indonesia Raya.
He faced pressure from PKI led by D.N
Aidit who encouraged his decision to
create confrontation towards Malaysia

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The President of Philippines, Macapagal,
claimed that Sabah was a part of
Philippines originally.
With the formation of Malaysia, the efforts
to reclaim Sabah became more
complicated.
They believed that Sabah was actually
forfeited and not handed by the Sulu
Sultanate to Baron Van Overback and
Alfred Dent.
In opposition, Philippines has stopped its
diplomatic affairs with Malaysia.

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3.6.1 MAPHILINDO
Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sukarno and
Macapagal agreed to hold a congress in
Manila on July 1963.
MAPHILINDO’ allied region was formed in
order to build regional cooperation such as
Economic, Social and Politic.
PBB committee lead by Lawrence
Michealmore agreed to monitor the opinion
of Sabah and Sarawak Residents, where
the result showed that almost 70% agreed
and the constitution drafted by Cobbold
Commission was valid .

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Indonesia and Philippines rejected the report of PBB and stopped the diplomatic affairs
with Malaysia when the proclamation of Malaysia was declared on September 16th 1963.
3.6.2 UNITED NATION
MalayaExample of proclamation of Malaysia in: Sarawak Sabah
Click each button to view images.

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Video 2
3.6.2 UNITED NATION

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3.7 ACTIVITY
 Discuss five (5) factors that lead to the
formation of Malaysia.

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NEXT SESSION PREVIEW

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LIST OF REFERENCE
No Reference
1. “Sejarah Malaysia”, Mahdi Shuid, Suzaini Osman, Sazlina Othman,
Pearson Longman, 2006.
2. “Kenegaraan Malaysia”, Ruslan Zainuddin, Mohd Mahadee Ismail,
Zaini Othman, Oxford Fajar, ed.2, 2010.
3. “ Pengajian Malaysia”, Cosmopoint International University College,
2002.
4. “Pengajian Am STPM”, Wong kHEk Seng, Raminah Hj. Sabran and
Kok Meng Kee, Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn Bhd, 2005.
5. “A Doctor in The House, The Memoirs OF Tun Mahathir bin
Mohamad”, Tun Dr Mahathir bin Mohamad, MPH Group Publishing
Sdn Bhd, 2011.

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APPENDIX
Figure Source
Figure 1 http://economy.okezone.com/
Figure 2 http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman.aspx
Figure 2a http://noraitusaya.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/s5030420.jpg
Figure 2b http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GWnfOGIqbys/TVOJ_-
EVAiI/AAAAAAAAAEc/1GSLw4Cm5ZU/s1600/komunis2.jpg
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_nADM4982O7U/TQFtRAkwQGI/AAAAAAAADQE/6
y0vBpUK26Y/s400/parlimen1956.jpg
Figure 3 http://www.indoorwoodfurnace.net/peta/peta-peta-asia-tenggara.htm
Figure 4 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/12563/Lee-Kuan-Yew
Figure 5 http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Omar_%27Ali_Saifuddien_III
Figure 6 http://eforum1.cari.com.my/viewthread.php?action=printable&tid=358057
Figure 7 http://umno-online.com/?page_id=2849
Figure 8 http://getlivemag.com/?p=74
Figure 9 http://www.sapp.org.my/constitution/101130_jalil_sabah_challenges.asp
Figure 10 http://www.maigriffin.com/maiportraits.html

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APPENDIX
Figure Source
Video 1 http://www.youtube.com/ganyangmalaysia
Figure 11 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/12563/Lee-Kuan-Yew
Figure 12 http://informationinindonesia.blogspot.com/
Figure 14 http://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ph_pres_macapagal.jpg
Figure 15 http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman.aspx
Figure 16 http://www.fundraw.com/clipart/clip-art/2574/Flag-of-the-United-
Nations/
Figure 17 http://suwaritimur.blogspot.com.
Figure 18 http://warisantamar.blogspot.com/2010_10_01_archive.html
Video 2 http://www.youtube.com/warisan

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