3. What is Conflict and How it Generate
Conflict occurs when one party
decides that the way things are is
not okay and seeks change, but
that change is not agreed to by the
other party It only takes one party
to initiate a conflict.
"Conflict occurs when people
perceive their values, needs and/or
identity are challenged, threatened
or undermined." –
Cinnie Noble, founder of Noble
Solutions
Asif Abbasi & Waqar Ahmed9/27/2013
4. Conflict Situation Base
Conflict is always
based on situations.
E.G
Clouds & Raining
Source
Self estimation
Asif Abbasi & Waqar Ahmed9/27/2013
5. Definitions
Conflict is a disagreement
between two or more
parties, such as individuals,
groups, organizations or
countries, who perceive that
they have incompatible
concerns.
"Kavita singh―
Source Book
Asif Abbasi & Waqar Ahmed9/27/2013
7. DEFINATION
Robbins Stephen P.
Conflict is a process that
begins when one party
perceives that another
party has negatively
affected, or is about to
negatively
affect, something that the
first party cares about.
Asif Abbasi & Waqar Ahmed9/27/2013
8. Why Does Conflict Occur.......??????
Expectation
Different Knowledge
Fear
Attachment
Poor Communication
Different Paradigm
Stress
Misunderstanding
Perceived oppression
Asif Abbasi & Waqar Ahmed9/27/2013
9. Views about Conflict
"If you want to make
quantum improvements,
either as an individual or as
an organization, change your
frame of reference. Change
how you see the
world...change your
paradigm, your scheme for
understanding and explaining
certain aspects of reality."
―Steven Covey‖
Asif Abbasi & Waqar Ahmed9/27/2013
10. Different Views about Conflict
Traditional View
(until 1940’s)
Conflict is Bad
Human Relation Views
(1940s though the mid
1970s)
Its going to happen, so
cope with it
Integrationist Views
(later on 1970’s)
The integrationist
approach encourages
conflict and take as
innovative and creative.
Asif Abbasi & Waqar Ahmed9/27/2013
16. Types of conflict
Intrapersonal Conflict
Role-Related Intrapersonal
Conflict
1. inter role conflict
2. intra role conflict
3. personal-role conflict
Goal-Related Conflict
Interpersonal Conflict
Inter-Group Conflict
Intra-Group Conflict
Inter Organizational Conflict
Asif Abbasi & Waqar Ahmed9/27/2013
17. Sources of Conflict
scarcity of resources
Specialization
interdependence
(I)reciprocal
interdependence
(ii) sequential
interdependence
(iii) pooled
interdependence
incompatible goals
Asif Abbasi & Waqar Ahmed9/27/2013
18. Conflict process
The conflict process consists of five stages as
shown in figure.
1. Potential opposition or incompatibility.
2. Cognition and personalization.
3. Intentions.
4. Behaviour.
5. Outcomes.
Asif Abbasi & Waqar Ahmed9/27/2013
19. STAGE 1 STAGE 2
Communication
Communications
Barriers
Structure
Lack of cooperation
Different Goals
Personal variables
Personality type
Individual values
Perceived Conflict
Emotional
differences
Awareness conflict
b/w parties
Felt Conflict
Emotional
involvement
Personalizing the
conflict
Asif Abbasi & Waqar Ahmed9/27/2013
23. Models of Conflict Handling
Model 1:Thomas kilmans
Assertiveness line shows your
own needs
Cooperative line shows other
side's needs.
Competing - need to satisfy own needs
high, need to satisfy other's needs low;
Accommodating - need to satisfy own needs
low, need to satisfy other's needs high;
Avoiding - need to satisfy own needs
low, need to satisfy other's needs low;
Compromising - need to satisfy own needs
about 50%, need to satisfy other's needs about
50%. This is the split the difference approach.
Collaborating - need to satisfy own needs
high, need to satisfy other's needs high.
Asif Abbasi & Waqar Ahmed9/27/2013
25. Model 3: Jhori window Model
Open in the information that
we know about ourselves and
that also is obvious to others.
For example,
Gender, male-female
Hidden represents personal
information that is known only
to us: our life experiences,
our thoughts, feeling, dreams
Blind refers to information
that others know about us,
but that we don’t know about
ourselves.
Unknown refers to personal
information that is known to
no one—not even ourselves
Asif Abbasi & Waqar Ahmed9/27/2013
26. Islam Define conflict
Quran
"
―And if two factions among the believers should
fight, then make settlement between the two. But if
one of them oppresses the other, then fight against
the one that oppresses until it returns to the
ordinance of Allah. And if it returns, then make
settlement between them in justice and act justly.
Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly."
Asif Abbasi & Waqar Ahmed9/27/2013
27. Hadees
It is reported that ―the
Prophet ordered two
disputing parties must
sit before a judge‖
(―Life as a,‖ n.d.)
They highlight the
agreement in three
basic principles:
(a) justice,
(b) equality, and
(c) freedom.
Asif Abbasi & Waqar Ahmed9/27/2013
28. Matthews (2005)
―Islamic intervention in
conflict is guided by the
goals of restoring Islam’s
original messages of
justice, equality, and
freedom, especially those
who have been
disempowered‖
A Community-Based Development of an
Islamic Approach to Conflict Resolution
source
http://yusufmendez.wordpress.com/islamic-
conflict-resolution-approach-proposal/
Asif Abbasi & Waqar Ahmed9/27/2013
29. Resolution of conflict
Conflict Mediation
A mediator/facilitator
helps the people
involve to find the
solution
Asif Abbasi & Waqar Ahmed9/27/2013
31. Example
Conflict can be
resolve through
Good
communication
Collaboration
Compromising
Asif Abbasi & Waqar Ahmed9/27/2013
32. RESOLUTION WITH EFFICEINCY
EXAMPLE THE ORANGE
Two little girls were arguing over an orange, "Give it
to me, I want this orange, it's mine" shouted the first
girl. "And I want this orange too, I need it right now,"
cried the other girl. The teacher came in and listened
to the requirement of each of the girls. Both wanted
the same thing. The teacher takes a knife and cut the
orange in two halves. She gives each little girl one
half.
The first girl peels her half, throws away the
skin, and eats the inside.
The second girl also peels her half of the orange, but
throws away the inside, and puts the skin aside to
dry. She wanted to make some cookies out of the
orange.
Asif Abbasi & Waqar Ahmed9/27/2013