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Ashish Verma
M.Tech Energy system engineering
College of Engineering studies
500022066
Site Survey for SHP plant
Parameter , instrument & discharge data requirement
Feasible Site selection
Preparation of pre feasibility report(PFR)
What should be or not be in PFR
Executive summary & Introduction
Hydrology , Power potential and installed capacity
Turbine technology selection
Basic project structure
Surrounding ecology and geology
Project cost & break up
Various Graph
Site Survey
Pre feasibility Report
Basic Design

Various Graph and pictures
Detailed investigation and Survey
Pre Feasibility report (PFR)
Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Approval of DPR
Land Acquisition and forest land clearance
Environment Clearance
Power Purchase agreement
Preparation of plant for rehabilitation
Financing
To roughly evaluation of feasibility of project
To getting necessary data and figures for development

Measurement river/ water body flow data
Measurement of head ( Power α available head )
Topographical and geological condition of site
Site accessibility – need to be address during planning stage
Power evacuation point distance – determine power loss
Power demand assessment
Site Survey: Hydrological & geological Survey.
Estimation of Potential
Regulations & Environmental Concerns
Feasible Supply
Turbine Selection
Costing and Payback.
To measure the flow-rate vs time at a given site.
Direct Measurement of the flow rate.
The more robust option is to find out the flowrate by working out the volume of water that was
entering the river.
This uses the rainfall data from met office for
two lean season
Current Meter Method
Measured by Electromagnetic current or
propeller type current meter
Float measuring method
Bucket method
Direct measurement with a bucket
Good for small flow in conduit
Wier Measuring method
Discharge, Cumecs

Average Flow duration Curve
Mean of 10 – 30 years

Q50%
Qm

Q95%
Q100%
% of time
Altimeter – for altitude measurement
GPS – for location coordinate
Camera – for capturing the location image
Current meter – measuring the flow of water
Distance meter Depth meter – depth of the water body
Clinometer
Compass
Hand level
Hydro logical studies : Overall rain fall ,run off data ,principle river flow
data , flood char. , from record of govt. department . Min ,avg and flood details

Topological studies :

Tachometric survey and survey required depending

upon the existing info and maps

Geological studies

: Overall geological char. And local features , for

transportation of material

Power demand assessment : Overall power demand scenario in the
project near by area and existing infra for power evacuation
Site Survey
Pre feasibility Report
Basic Design

Various Graph and pictures
Its pre feasibility report
Required to investigate weather project is
technically or financially feasible or not
Aim of PFR is to examine next step to project
formulation
conceptual planning,
preparation of project and
equipment layouts,
infrastructure requirement,
environmental and geological studies,
power evacuation arrangement, cost estimates
and economic evaluation
Executive summary
Introduction
 Project location
 Map
 Project description
 Salient feature

Hydrology


Climate
 Catchment area
 Rainfall
Power Potential and Installed capacity: basic principle
based on the P0= QgH where Po is in Watt
Categories of Hydro Plant based on Power generation







Micro : upto 100 kW
Mini : 101 to 2000 kW
Small : 2001 to 25000 kW
Medium : 25001 to 50,000 kW
Large : size above 50 MW
Classification based on available Head
Low head plant

Up to 30 m.

Medium Head Plant

Between 30 m to 300m

High head plant

More than 300 m
Classification based on Turbine characteristics
Low specific speed

Between 10 to 60

Medium specific speed

Between 60 to 300

High specific speed

Between 300 to 1000

Classification based on Load Characteristics
Base load plant

Operates continuously and
generate constant power

Peak load plant

Supply power during the peak
hours

Classification based on hydraulic characteristics
Run off river plant

no water storage facility

Storage plant

With poundage facility

Pump storage plant

Act as battery

Tidal plant
Turbine Selection
Based on direction of flow of water through the runner
Axial flow

Axial flow

Radial flow

Radial Flow

Tangential flow

Tangential flow

Mixed flow

Mixed flow

Based on action of water on the runner blades
Impulse turbine

Entire pressure energy
converted in to Kinetic energy
Exp: Pelton turbine
Suitable for high head

Reaction turbine

Partially convert pressure in
to kinetic energy
Exp. Francis , Kaplan turbine
Suitable for Low head
Preliminary Site Survey , PFR and basic design of SHP plant
Preliminary Site Survey , PFR and basic design of SHP plant
Preliminary Site Survey , PFR and basic design of SHP plant
Turbine specification
Particular

Unit

Rated discharge

Cumecs

Net head at rated discharge

M

Gross head

M

Site elevation

M

System frequency

Hz

Min Head

M

Max Head

M

Arrangement

Horizontal /vertical

Type of turbine

Impulse/ reaction

Unit speed

Rpm

Runner pitch diameter

Mm

Rated output

kW

Intake type

Draft tube
Shafting arrangement
Preliminary Site Survey , PFR and basic design of SHP plant
Project structure and civil work required
Trench weir
Diversion weir and intake

Desalting tank
Head race channel

Forebay tank, Spillways

Penstock
Power house building

and tailrace channel
Civil Work

Escalation
during
construction

Engineering and
design

Contingency

Indirect cost

Intial working
capital
Effect of geology during civil construction
Impact on Flora and fauna
Effect on fish and other water living beings
Seismic effect during construction

Site photo graph
Various flow duration curve
Given data
Parameter

Units

Water level at forbay

607.54 m

Water level at tail race channel

511.21

Gross head

96.33

Head loss

4.33

Net head

92.0 m

100 % dependable discharge

5.10 cumecs

Available power
Turbine efficiency =0.88 & generator efficiency =0.94

Po= 9.81 *0.88*5.10 *92.0
=4050 kW
Design discharge for forebay
= 100 % discharge * 1.05
Design discharge for head race
= design dicharge of forebay /0.95
Design discharge for intake channel
= design discharge for head race /0.85
Design discharge for Trench weir
= design discharge for for inatke channel /0.95
Preliminary Site Survey , PFR and basic design of SHP plant

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Preliminary Site Survey , PFR and basic design of SHP plant

  • 1. Ashish Verma M.Tech Energy system engineering College of Engineering studies 500022066
  • 2. Site Survey for SHP plant Parameter , instrument & discharge data requirement Feasible Site selection Preparation of pre feasibility report(PFR) What should be or not be in PFR Executive summary & Introduction Hydrology , Power potential and installed capacity Turbine technology selection Basic project structure Surrounding ecology and geology Project cost & break up Various Graph
  • 3. Site Survey Pre feasibility Report Basic Design Various Graph and pictures
  • 4. Detailed investigation and Survey Pre Feasibility report (PFR) Detailed Project Report (DPR) Approval of DPR Land Acquisition and forest land clearance Environment Clearance Power Purchase agreement Preparation of plant for rehabilitation Financing
  • 5. To roughly evaluation of feasibility of project To getting necessary data and figures for development Measurement river/ water body flow data Measurement of head ( Power α available head ) Topographical and geological condition of site Site accessibility – need to be address during planning stage Power evacuation point distance – determine power loss Power demand assessment
  • 6. Site Survey: Hydrological & geological Survey. Estimation of Potential Regulations & Environmental Concerns Feasible Supply Turbine Selection Costing and Payback.
  • 7. To measure the flow-rate vs time at a given site. Direct Measurement of the flow rate. The more robust option is to find out the flowrate by working out the volume of water that was entering the river. This uses the rainfall data from met office for two lean season
  • 8. Current Meter Method Measured by Electromagnetic current or propeller type current meter
  • 10. Bucket method Direct measurement with a bucket Good for small flow in conduit
  • 12. Discharge, Cumecs Average Flow duration Curve Mean of 10 – 30 years Q50% Qm Q95% Q100% % of time
  • 13. Altimeter – for altitude measurement GPS – for location coordinate Camera – for capturing the location image Current meter – measuring the flow of water Distance meter Depth meter – depth of the water body Clinometer Compass Hand level
  • 14. Hydro logical studies : Overall rain fall ,run off data ,principle river flow data , flood char. , from record of govt. department . Min ,avg and flood details Topological studies : Tachometric survey and survey required depending upon the existing info and maps Geological studies : Overall geological char. And local features , for transportation of material Power demand assessment : Overall power demand scenario in the project near by area and existing infra for power evacuation
  • 15. Site Survey Pre feasibility Report Basic Design Various Graph and pictures
  • 16. Its pre feasibility report Required to investigate weather project is technically or financially feasible or not Aim of PFR is to examine next step to project formulation
  • 17. conceptual planning, preparation of project and equipment layouts, infrastructure requirement, environmental and geological studies, power evacuation arrangement, cost estimates and economic evaluation
  • 18. Executive summary Introduction  Project location  Map  Project description  Salient feature Hydrology  Climate  Catchment area  Rainfall
  • 19. Power Potential and Installed capacity: basic principle based on the P0= QgH where Po is in Watt Categories of Hydro Plant based on Power generation      Micro : upto 100 kW Mini : 101 to 2000 kW Small : 2001 to 25000 kW Medium : 25001 to 50,000 kW Large : size above 50 MW Classification based on available Head Low head plant Up to 30 m. Medium Head Plant Between 30 m to 300m High head plant More than 300 m
  • 20. Classification based on Turbine characteristics Low specific speed Between 10 to 60 Medium specific speed Between 60 to 300 High specific speed Between 300 to 1000 Classification based on Load Characteristics Base load plant Operates continuously and generate constant power Peak load plant Supply power during the peak hours Classification based on hydraulic characteristics Run off river plant no water storage facility Storage plant With poundage facility Pump storage plant Act as battery Tidal plant
  • 21. Turbine Selection Based on direction of flow of water through the runner Axial flow Axial flow Radial flow Radial Flow Tangential flow Tangential flow Mixed flow Mixed flow Based on action of water on the runner blades Impulse turbine Entire pressure energy converted in to Kinetic energy Exp: Pelton turbine Suitable for high head Reaction turbine Partially convert pressure in to kinetic energy Exp. Francis , Kaplan turbine Suitable for Low head
  • 25. Turbine specification Particular Unit Rated discharge Cumecs Net head at rated discharge M Gross head M Site elevation M System frequency Hz Min Head M Max Head M Arrangement Horizontal /vertical Type of turbine Impulse/ reaction Unit speed Rpm Runner pitch diameter Mm Rated output kW Intake type Draft tube Shafting arrangement
  • 27. Project structure and civil work required Trench weir Diversion weir and intake Desalting tank Head race channel Forebay tank, Spillways Penstock Power house building and tailrace channel
  • 29. Effect of geology during civil construction Impact on Flora and fauna Effect on fish and other water living beings Seismic effect during construction Site photo graph Various flow duration curve
  • 30. Given data Parameter Units Water level at forbay 607.54 m Water level at tail race channel 511.21 Gross head 96.33 Head loss 4.33 Net head 92.0 m 100 % dependable discharge 5.10 cumecs Available power Turbine efficiency =0.88 & generator efficiency =0.94 Po= 9.81 *0.88*5.10 *92.0 =4050 kW
  • 31. Design discharge for forebay = 100 % discharge * 1.05 Design discharge for head race = design dicharge of forebay /0.95 Design discharge for intake channel = design discharge for head race /0.85 Design discharge for Trench weir = design discharge for for inatke channel /0.95