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CORMART NIGERIA LIMITED
                                                                                                                                 CORMART

Plot 14, Chivita Avenue, Ajao Estate, Lagos
www.cormart-nigeria.com +234 1 7616605




                                              Corygiene Watch                                                      N E W S L E T T E R

                                              V O L U M E   5 ,   S P E C I A L   E D I T I O N        D E C E M B E R                    2 0 1 2




   In this edition
Global Handwashing
Day Celebration
                                              Nosocomial Infection
                                                                                                                          and other parts of the body.
                                                                                                                          Many types are difficult to
                                                                                                                          attack with antibiotics, and
Dear readers,
                                                                                                                          antibiotic resistance is
Welcome to the fifth edi-                                                                                                 spreading to Gram-negative
tion of Corygiene Watch.                                                                                                  bacteria that can infect peo-
                                                                                                                          ple outside the hospital.
In this special edition we
have focused primarily on                                                                                                  Epidemiology
Cormart’s contribution to
the Global Handwashing
                                                                                                                           Nosocomial infections are
Day Celebration.                                                                                                           commonly transmitted
                                                                                                                           when hospital officials be-
We also featured an arti-                                                                                                  come complacent and per-
cle, on the impact of                                                                                                      sonnel do not practice cor-
healthcare associated
                                                                                                                           rect hygiene regularly.
infection, its prevention
and control.                                                                                                               Also, increased use of out-
                                                                                                                           patient treatment means that
                                                                                                                           people who are hospitalized
                                                                                                                           are more ill and have more
                    Isaac Martins
             isaac425@gmail.com
                                       Nosocomial infections are infections that are a                                     weakened immune systems
                                       result of treatment in a hospital or a healthcare          than may have been true in the past. Moreover,
                                       service unit. Infections are considered nosoco-            some medical procedures bypass the body's natural
                                       mial if they first appear 48 hours or more after           protective barriers. Since medical staff moves from
                                       hospital admission or within 30 days after dis-            patient to patient, the staff themselves serves as a
                                       charge. Nosocomial comes from the word                     means for spreading pathogens. Essentially, the staff
                                       nosokomeio meaning hospital. This type of in-              acts as vectors.
                                       fection is also known as a hospital-acquired
                                       infection (or, in generic terms, healthcare-               Categories and treatment
                                       associated infection). Besides harming patients            One-third of nosocomial infections are considered
                                       nosocomial infection can affect nurses, physi-             preventable. The CDC estimates 2 million people in
                                       cians, custodians, aides, visitors, salespeople,           the United States are infected annually by hospital-
                                       delivery personnel and anyone who has contact              acquired infections, resulting in 20,000 deaths. The
                                       with the hospital.                                         most common nosocomial infections are of the uri-
                                                                                                  nary tract, surgical site and various pneumonias.
                                       In the United States, the Centers for Disease
Contributors:                          Control and Prevention estimate that roughly 1.7           Transmission
Oluwabunmi Ifejola                     million hospital-associated infections, from all           The drug-resistant Gram-negative germs for the
E.P.I Afeonkai                                                                                    most part threaten only hospitalized patients whose
                                       types of microorganisms, including bacteria,
                                       combined, cause or contribute to 99,000 deaths             immune systems are weak. The germs can survive
                                       each year. In Europe, where hospital surveys               for a long time on surfaces in the hospital and enter
                                       have been conducted, the category of Gram-                 the body through wounds, catheters, and ventilators.
                                       negative infections are estimated to account for
                                       two-thirds of the 25,000 deaths each year. Noso-
                                       comial infections can cause severe pneumonia
                                       and infections of the urinary tract, bloodstream

    CORYGIENE                       WATCH
PAGE      2

   Nosocomial Infection cont…..

Risk factors                                                         Hand washing and gloving
Factors predisposing a patient to infection can broadly be di-       Hand washing frequently is called the single most important
vided into three areas:                                              measure to reduce the risks of transmitting skin microorgan-
 People in hospitals are usually already in a poor state of         isms from one person to another or from one site to another on
    health, impairing their defense against bacteria – ad-           the same patient. Washing hands as promptly and thoroughly
    vanced age or premature birth along with immunodefi-             as possible between patient contacts and after contact with
    ciency (due to drugs, illness, or irradiation) present a gen-    blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, and equipment or
    eral risk, while other diseases can present specific risks -     articles contaminated by them is an important component of
    for instance, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can          infection control and isolation precautions.
    increase chances of respiratory tract infection.
 Invasive devices, for instance intubation tubes, catheters,        Although hand washing may seem like a simple process, it is
    surgical drains, and tracheostomy tubes all bypass the           often performed incorrectly. Healthcare settings must continu-
    body‟s natural lines of defence against pathogens and            ously remind practitioners and visitors on the proper procedure
    provide an easy route for infection. Patients already colo-      in washing their hands to comply with responsible hand wash-
    nised on admission are instantly put at greater risk when        ing.
    they undergo an invasive procedure
 A patient‟s treatment itself can leave them vulnerable to          All visitors must follow the same procedures as hospital staff to
    infection – immunosuppression and antacid treatment              adequately control the spread of infections. Moreover, mul-
    undermine the body‟s defences, while antimicrobial ther-         tidrug-resistant infections can leave the hospital and become
    apy (removing competitive flora and only leaving resis-          part of the community flora if steps are not taken to stop this
    tant organisms) and recurrent blood transfusions have            transmission.
    also been identified as risk factors.
                                                                     In addition to hand washing, gloves play an important role in
Prevention                                                           reducing the risks of transmission of microorganisms. Gloves
Hospitals have sanitation protocols regarding uniforms, equip-       are worn for three important reasons in hospitals. First, gloves
ment sterilization, washing, sanitizing, disinfecting and other      are worn to provide a protective barrier and to prevent gross
preventative measures. Thorough hand washing and/or use of           contamination of the hands when touching blood, body fluids,
alcohol rubs by all medical personnel before and after each          secretions, excretions, mucous membranes, and nonintact skin.
patient contact is one of the most effective ways to combat
nosocomial infections. More careful use of antimicrobial             Wearing gloves does not replace the need for hand washing,
agents, such as antibiotics, is also considered vital.               because gloves may have small, non-apparent defects or may
                                                                     be torn during use, and hands can become contaminated during
Despite sanitation protocol, patients cannot be entirely iso-        removal of gloves. Failure to change gloves between patient
lated from infectious agents. Furthermore, patients are often        contacts is an infection control hazard.
prescribed antibiotics and other antimicrobial drugs to help
treat illness; this may increase the selection pressure for the      Surface sanitation
                                                     e m e r -       Sanitizing surfaces is an often overlooked, yet crucial compo-
                                                     gence of        nent of breaking the cycle of infection in health care environ-
                                                     r esista nt     ments. Modern sanitizing methods such as NAV-CO2 have
                                                     strains.        been effective against gastroenteritis, MRSA, and influenza.
                                                                     Use of hydrogen peroxide vapor has been clinically proven to
                                                        Isolation    reduce infection rates and risk of acquisition. Hydrogen perox-
                                                        Isolation    ide is effective against endospore-forming bacteria, such as
                                                        precau-      Clostridium difficile, where alcohol has been shown to be inef-
                                                        tions are    fective. A Bio-Intervention process is effective for hard surface
                                                        designed     disinfection, providing a 6-log kill (99.9999%)for many organ-
                                                        to prevent   isms including MRSA, VRE, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
                                                        transmis-    Staphylococcus aureus, Rhinovirus, Salmonella enterica,
                                                        sion of      H1N1, HIV-1 and Hepatitis A. The unique kill mechanism is
                                                        microor-     new to the market and will be an effective method against mu-
                                                        ganisms      tation and resistance of organizations.
                                                        by com-
mon routes in hospitals. Because agent and host factors are          Aprons
more difficult to control, interruption of transfer of microor-      Wearing an apron during patient care reduces the risk of infec-
ganisms is directed primarily at transmission.                       tion. The apron should either be disposable or be used only
                                                                     when caring for a specific patient.



                 CORYGIENE             WATCH
PAGE      3




Global Handwashing Day Celebration                                                               Photo Gallery
                Global Hand Washing day, which is observed
                on October 15 of every year, when millions of
                people around the world wash their hands
                with soap and clean water, is one of such plat-
                forms Renew Hand wash has leveraged on to
                help raise hygiene-conscious generation.

In 2007, the Public Private Partnership for Hand washing with
Soap (PPPHW) established Global Hand washing Day as a
stimulating way to promote global and local vision of hand
washing with soap. Renew Handwash, one of the front liners
in the soap market in conjunction with UNICEF and Lagos
State ministry of water and rural development marked the
event in five riverine schools in Badagry area of Lagos state
where school children, teachers and community leaders were
put through the six steps of effective handwashing techniques.
Engineer Anibire who represented the honorable commis-
sioner for rural development disclosed that over 1000 public
and private schools had been touched in the last three years
and that the impact of the campaign has been positive because
it has drastically reduced germ-related ailment from feed
backs gotten from schools.                                        Pictures Clockwise: Chris Olusesi of cormart demonstrating handwash - Engr Anibire
                                                                  representing the commissioner for Rural Development, washing her hands - school
                                                                  children waiting to wash their hands - Pupils washing their hands
Speaking on the 2012 campaign, Chris Olusesi of Cormart
said the involvement of Renew handwash underlined the com-
mitment of the company to create hygiene conscious society.       Hand washing Challenges

Why Celebrate Hand washing?                                            Difficult to change behavior on a large scale
6.9 million Children under 5 die each year. Two of the top
three causes are pneumonia and diarrhea.                               Each critical time for hand washing has different target
Hand washing with soap can cut pneumonia by up to 45% and               users, motivators, prompts, and hardware needs
diarrhea rates by up to 50%.
                                                                       What does it take to change hand washing social norms?
Hand washing is an accessible, cost-effective method for pre-
venting diarrheal and other diseases.
A recent study also shows that intensive hand washing promo-
tion is positively associated with child growth and develop-
ment.


JOKE
A man was upset because he had lost his favorite hat. Instead of buying a new one, he decided that he would go to church that
Sunday to steal one from the vestibule. Unfortunately, the usher saw the man coming in and before he could go into the vesti-
bule, the usher led him to a pew, where the preacher was just beginning a sermon on the Ten Commandments. After church, the
man went up to the preacher and shook his hand and said: „I want to thank you for saving my soul today. I came to church to
steal a hat, but after hearing your sermon on the Ten Commandments, I changed my mind.‟ „Why, that‟s wonderful,‟ the
preacher said: „so the commandment „Thou shalt not steal” changed your mind, did it?” ” No, it wasn‟t that commandment,” the
man said: “It was the one about adultery. It reminded me where I left my hat!”




              CORYGIENE           WATCH

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Corygiene Watch Newsletter 5th Edition Special Edition

  • 1. CORMART NIGERIA LIMITED CORMART Plot 14, Chivita Avenue, Ajao Estate, Lagos www.cormart-nigeria.com +234 1 7616605 Corygiene Watch N E W S L E T T E R V O L U M E 5 , S P E C I A L E D I T I O N D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 2 In this edition Global Handwashing Day Celebration Nosocomial Infection and other parts of the body. Many types are difficult to attack with antibiotics, and Dear readers, antibiotic resistance is Welcome to the fifth edi- spreading to Gram-negative tion of Corygiene Watch. bacteria that can infect peo- ple outside the hospital. In this special edition we have focused primarily on Epidemiology Cormart’s contribution to the Global Handwashing Nosocomial infections are Day Celebration. commonly transmitted when hospital officials be- We also featured an arti- come complacent and per- cle, on the impact of sonnel do not practice cor- healthcare associated rect hygiene regularly. infection, its prevention and control. Also, increased use of out- patient treatment means that people who are hospitalized are more ill and have more Isaac Martins isaac425@gmail.com Nosocomial infections are infections that are a weakened immune systems result of treatment in a hospital or a healthcare than may have been true in the past. Moreover, service unit. Infections are considered nosoco- some medical procedures bypass the body's natural mial if they first appear 48 hours or more after protective barriers. Since medical staff moves from hospital admission or within 30 days after dis- patient to patient, the staff themselves serves as a charge. Nosocomial comes from the word means for spreading pathogens. Essentially, the staff nosokomeio meaning hospital. This type of in- acts as vectors. fection is also known as a hospital-acquired infection (or, in generic terms, healthcare- Categories and treatment associated infection). Besides harming patients One-third of nosocomial infections are considered nosocomial infection can affect nurses, physi- preventable. The CDC estimates 2 million people in cians, custodians, aides, visitors, salespeople, the United States are infected annually by hospital- delivery personnel and anyone who has contact acquired infections, resulting in 20,000 deaths. The with the hospital. most common nosocomial infections are of the uri- nary tract, surgical site and various pneumonias. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Contributors: Control and Prevention estimate that roughly 1.7 Transmission Oluwabunmi Ifejola million hospital-associated infections, from all The drug-resistant Gram-negative germs for the E.P.I Afeonkai most part threaten only hospitalized patients whose types of microorganisms, including bacteria, combined, cause or contribute to 99,000 deaths immune systems are weak. The germs can survive each year. In Europe, where hospital surveys for a long time on surfaces in the hospital and enter have been conducted, the category of Gram- the body through wounds, catheters, and ventilators. negative infections are estimated to account for two-thirds of the 25,000 deaths each year. Noso- comial infections can cause severe pneumonia and infections of the urinary tract, bloodstream CORYGIENE WATCH
  • 2. PAGE 2 Nosocomial Infection cont….. Risk factors Hand washing and gloving Factors predisposing a patient to infection can broadly be di- Hand washing frequently is called the single most important vided into three areas: measure to reduce the risks of transmitting skin microorgan-  People in hospitals are usually already in a poor state of isms from one person to another or from one site to another on health, impairing their defense against bacteria – ad- the same patient. Washing hands as promptly and thoroughly vanced age or premature birth along with immunodefi- as possible between patient contacts and after contact with ciency (due to drugs, illness, or irradiation) present a gen- blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, and equipment or eral risk, while other diseases can present specific risks - articles contaminated by them is an important component of for instance, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can infection control and isolation precautions. increase chances of respiratory tract infection.  Invasive devices, for instance intubation tubes, catheters, Although hand washing may seem like a simple process, it is surgical drains, and tracheostomy tubes all bypass the often performed incorrectly. Healthcare settings must continu- body‟s natural lines of defence against pathogens and ously remind practitioners and visitors on the proper procedure provide an easy route for infection. Patients already colo- in washing their hands to comply with responsible hand wash- nised on admission are instantly put at greater risk when ing. they undergo an invasive procedure  A patient‟s treatment itself can leave them vulnerable to All visitors must follow the same procedures as hospital staff to infection – immunosuppression and antacid treatment adequately control the spread of infections. Moreover, mul- undermine the body‟s defences, while antimicrobial ther- tidrug-resistant infections can leave the hospital and become apy (removing competitive flora and only leaving resis- part of the community flora if steps are not taken to stop this tant organisms) and recurrent blood transfusions have transmission. also been identified as risk factors. In addition to hand washing, gloves play an important role in Prevention reducing the risks of transmission of microorganisms. Gloves Hospitals have sanitation protocols regarding uniforms, equip- are worn for three important reasons in hospitals. First, gloves ment sterilization, washing, sanitizing, disinfecting and other are worn to provide a protective barrier and to prevent gross preventative measures. Thorough hand washing and/or use of contamination of the hands when touching blood, body fluids, alcohol rubs by all medical personnel before and after each secretions, excretions, mucous membranes, and nonintact skin. patient contact is one of the most effective ways to combat nosocomial infections. More careful use of antimicrobial Wearing gloves does not replace the need for hand washing, agents, such as antibiotics, is also considered vital. because gloves may have small, non-apparent defects or may be torn during use, and hands can become contaminated during Despite sanitation protocol, patients cannot be entirely iso- removal of gloves. Failure to change gloves between patient lated from infectious agents. Furthermore, patients are often contacts is an infection control hazard. prescribed antibiotics and other antimicrobial drugs to help treat illness; this may increase the selection pressure for the Surface sanitation e m e r - Sanitizing surfaces is an often overlooked, yet crucial compo- gence of nent of breaking the cycle of infection in health care environ- r esista nt ments. Modern sanitizing methods such as NAV-CO2 have strains. been effective against gastroenteritis, MRSA, and influenza. Use of hydrogen peroxide vapor has been clinically proven to Isolation reduce infection rates and risk of acquisition. Hydrogen perox- Isolation ide is effective against endospore-forming bacteria, such as precau- Clostridium difficile, where alcohol has been shown to be inef- tions are fective. A Bio-Intervention process is effective for hard surface designed disinfection, providing a 6-log kill (99.9999%)for many organ- to prevent isms including MRSA, VRE, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, transmis- Staphylococcus aureus, Rhinovirus, Salmonella enterica, sion of H1N1, HIV-1 and Hepatitis A. The unique kill mechanism is microor- new to the market and will be an effective method against mu- ganisms tation and resistance of organizations. by com- mon routes in hospitals. Because agent and host factors are Aprons more difficult to control, interruption of transfer of microor- Wearing an apron during patient care reduces the risk of infec- ganisms is directed primarily at transmission. tion. The apron should either be disposable or be used only when caring for a specific patient. CORYGIENE WATCH
  • 3. PAGE 3 Global Handwashing Day Celebration Photo Gallery Global Hand Washing day, which is observed on October 15 of every year, when millions of people around the world wash their hands with soap and clean water, is one of such plat- forms Renew Hand wash has leveraged on to help raise hygiene-conscious generation. In 2007, the Public Private Partnership for Hand washing with Soap (PPPHW) established Global Hand washing Day as a stimulating way to promote global and local vision of hand washing with soap. Renew Handwash, one of the front liners in the soap market in conjunction with UNICEF and Lagos State ministry of water and rural development marked the event in five riverine schools in Badagry area of Lagos state where school children, teachers and community leaders were put through the six steps of effective handwashing techniques. Engineer Anibire who represented the honorable commis- sioner for rural development disclosed that over 1000 public and private schools had been touched in the last three years and that the impact of the campaign has been positive because it has drastically reduced germ-related ailment from feed backs gotten from schools. Pictures Clockwise: Chris Olusesi of cormart demonstrating handwash - Engr Anibire representing the commissioner for Rural Development, washing her hands - school children waiting to wash their hands - Pupils washing their hands Speaking on the 2012 campaign, Chris Olusesi of Cormart said the involvement of Renew handwash underlined the com- mitment of the company to create hygiene conscious society. Hand washing Challenges Why Celebrate Hand washing?  Difficult to change behavior on a large scale 6.9 million Children under 5 die each year. Two of the top three causes are pneumonia and diarrhea.  Each critical time for hand washing has different target Hand washing with soap can cut pneumonia by up to 45% and users, motivators, prompts, and hardware needs diarrhea rates by up to 50%.  What does it take to change hand washing social norms? Hand washing is an accessible, cost-effective method for pre- venting diarrheal and other diseases. A recent study also shows that intensive hand washing promo- tion is positively associated with child growth and develop- ment. JOKE A man was upset because he had lost his favorite hat. Instead of buying a new one, he decided that he would go to church that Sunday to steal one from the vestibule. Unfortunately, the usher saw the man coming in and before he could go into the vesti- bule, the usher led him to a pew, where the preacher was just beginning a sermon on the Ten Commandments. After church, the man went up to the preacher and shook his hand and said: „I want to thank you for saving my soul today. I came to church to steal a hat, but after hearing your sermon on the Ten Commandments, I changed my mind.‟ „Why, that‟s wonderful,‟ the preacher said: „so the commandment „Thou shalt not steal” changed your mind, did it?” ” No, it wasn‟t that commandment,” the man said: “It was the one about adultery. It reminded me where I left my hat!” CORYGIENE WATCH