1. Ashish Bhalerao
(MTECH Power system)
Roll no:122060018

2. INTRODUCTION
 Voltage


profile estimation
RTU’s for optimal operation
Simulation results

3. VOLTAGE PROFILE ESTIMATION
From fig. given below
The value of min. Voltage point between DG’s , if exists
can be given as:

4. VOLTAGE PROFILE ESTIMATION DUE TO
INJECTION OF REACTIVE POWER
Change in voltage in terms of the amount of reactive power
injected at the capacitor bus can be given by :
The optimum reactive power injection at the capacitor bus
minimizing the losses-index can be defined as:

5. PROPOSED SYSTEM STRUCTURE

6. OPTIMAL OPERATION BY FEEDER
ALGORITHM
End of feeder RTU
2. RTU Downstream of capacitor
3. Capacitor’s RTU
4. RTU Upstream of capacitor
5. Station RTU
For general case
a) Forward phase
b) Backward phase
1.

7. CHANGES IN VOLTAGE PROFILE DUE TO
REACTIVE POWER INJECTION

8. OPTIMAL REACTIVE POWER CONTROL

Case 1 :-
Q=0
Q =20
Q = 40
Q = 65
Feeder
max
voltage
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
Feeder
min
voltage
1.0094
1.0130
1.0165
1.0210
L.I
0.8136
0.6847
0.5698
0.4460
10.1
8.7
7.4
6.1
Losses
(KW)

9. 
Case 2 :-
DG-1 injects 200 KW & DG-2 injects 300 KW
Q=0
Q =20
Q = 40
Q = 65
Feeder max
voltage
1.05
1.0523
1.0559
1.0603
Feeder min
voltage
1.0413
1.0417
1.0452
1.0425
L.I
0.370
0.356
0.0353
0.0350
Losses (KW)
14.3
10.9
11.7
10.4

10. CASE 3 :-
Possible reactive
power injections
Maximum
Voltage
of feeder
Minimum
voltage of
feeder
Estimated
losses
index
Actual losses
using power
flow program
Q1 = 0
Q2 = 0
1.0550
1.0275
0.6823
11.6
Q1 = 0
Q2 = 40
1.0592
1.0381
0.5843
9.1
Q1 = 0
Q2 =30
1.0574
1.0355
0.6030
9.7
Q1 = 20
Q2 = 0
1.0550
1.0299
0.6764
10.7
Q1 = 20
Q2 = 40
1.0616
1.0405
0.5916
8.5
Q1 = 20
Q2 = 30
1.0598
1.0379
0.6068
8.9
Q1 = 35
Q2 = 0
1.0562
1.0316
0.6760
10.1
Q1 = 35
Q2 = 40
1.0633
1.0423
0.6017
8
Q1 = 35
Q2 =30
1.0592
1.0381
0.6142
8.4

11. VOLTAGE PROFILE OF SYSTEM WITH Q1 = 0
Q2 =40

12. CONCLUSION




Controlling switched capacitors of feeder to
maintain voltage profile
Formation of multi-agent system by co-ordination
between DG’s and capacitor
Effectiveness of proposed technique using
simulation results
Realization of Advanced distribution automation in
smart grids as well as existing grids

13. REFERENCES







S. H. Lee and J. J. Grainger, “Optimum placement of fixed
and
switched capacitors on primary distribution feeders,” IEEE
Trans.
Power App. Syst., vol. PAS-100, no. 1, pp. 345–352, 1981.
M. Chis, M. M. A. Salama, and S. Jayaram, “Capacitor
placement
in distribution systems using heuristic search strategies,”
IEE Proc.
Gener., Transm., Distrib., vol. 144, no. 3, pp. 225–230,
1997.
H. N. Ng, M. M. A. Salama, and A. Y. Chikhani,
“Classification of capacitor allocation techniques”