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AN IMPERIAL
CAPITAL
:VIJAYANAGARA
AN IMPERIAL
CAPITAL :
VIJAYANAGARA
 Vijayanagara the capital and
its environs
• Like most capital, vijayanagara, was

characterised by a distinctive
physical layout and building style.
(i) Water resources :
• The most striking feature about the location of

vijayanagara is the natural basin formed by the
river tunghbhadra which flows in a north-easterly
direction.
• In almost all cases embankments were

built along there streams to create
reservoirs of varying sizes. As this is one of
the most arid zones of the peninsula.
• One of the most prominent water work

to be seen among the ruins is the hiriya
canal. This canal drew water form a dam
across the Tungabhadra and irrigated
the cultivated valley that separated the
“sacred centre” form the “urban core”.
This was apparently built by kings of
the sangama dynasty.
(ii) Fortification and roads :
• Abdur razzaq, an ambassador sent by

the ruler of Persia to Calicut (presentday Kozhikode ) in the fifteenth century,
was greatly impressed by the
fortifications, and mentioned seven lines
of forts. These encircled not only the city
but also its agricultural hinterland and
forests.
• A second line of fortification went round

the inner core of the urban complex, and a
third line surrounded the royal centre,
within which each set of major buildings
was surrounded by its own high walls.

• Archaeologists have studied roads within

the city and those leading out from it.
These have been identified by tracing paths
through gateways, as well as by finds of
pavements.
(iii) The Urban Core :
• Moving along the roads leading into the

urban core, there is relatively little
archaeological evidence of the houses of
ordinary people.

• Field surveys indicate that the entire area

was dotted with numerous shrines and
small temples, pointing to the prevalence of
cults, perhaps supported by different
communities.

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Vijayanagara Empire

  • 3.  Vijayanagara the capital and its environs • Like most capital, vijayanagara, was characterised by a distinctive physical layout and building style.
  • 4. (i) Water resources : • The most striking feature about the location of vijayanagara is the natural basin formed by the river tunghbhadra which flows in a north-easterly direction. • In almost all cases embankments were built along there streams to create reservoirs of varying sizes. As this is one of the most arid zones of the peninsula.
  • 5. • One of the most prominent water work to be seen among the ruins is the hiriya canal. This canal drew water form a dam across the Tungabhadra and irrigated the cultivated valley that separated the “sacred centre” form the “urban core”. This was apparently built by kings of the sangama dynasty.
  • 6. (ii) Fortification and roads : • Abdur razzaq, an ambassador sent by the ruler of Persia to Calicut (presentday Kozhikode ) in the fifteenth century, was greatly impressed by the fortifications, and mentioned seven lines of forts. These encircled not only the city but also its agricultural hinterland and forests.
  • 7. • A second line of fortification went round the inner core of the urban complex, and a third line surrounded the royal centre, within which each set of major buildings was surrounded by its own high walls. • Archaeologists have studied roads within the city and those leading out from it. These have been identified by tracing paths through gateways, as well as by finds of pavements.
  • 8. (iii) The Urban Core : • Moving along the roads leading into the urban core, there is relatively little archaeological evidence of the houses of ordinary people. • Field surveys indicate that the entire area was dotted with numerous shrines and small temples, pointing to the prevalence of cults, perhaps supported by different communities.