3. What the snakes do?
mÂ
 fro Â
 are
They donât bite! ites s. Only
eb
nak  specie ousÂ
They bite! ll s
 of a omous  venom mate
70% âven
Some of them can not inject venom! Â by o
ites y enven
n
o  b
n  of
Some of them may inject but they⊠ll
50% s actua atient.
â fail to do so! ie p
theÂ
spec
Chamber empty
No time to succeed
â Donât want to do so
Some of them inject but half heartedly or donât deliver the lethal dose
due to insufficient stock.
Few of them find themselves in âINDO-PAK finalâ and succeed to
perform like âVeeruâ.
Problem starts hereâŠ
As the venom is in! and thatâs in sufficient
quantityâŠ
What the venom does?
4.
5. lem
ob
pr of
e oup .
Th gr
t the ortality
ngs st m
mo he
sa
ain he hig ar.
rem ith t /ye
dia 000
es w
In
are .
0,
tri ~5 ry c bite
oun te: ima
c a r
th r ake
fP
y o eat sn
ea an
D
at m o not tr
gre ls d
A
pita
hos
5
6. The controversy
India is one of the worldâs leading producers
of snake venom antiserum .
mortality does not rest in snake venom
antiserum shortage.
6
7. THE FATE
Patients are referred⊠to distant, better equipped
hospitals⊠and thus make journeys without the
cover of snake venom antiserum (ASV)âŠ
REFRREDâŠ
DEFFRREEDâŠ
REFFERRRRRRREDâŠ
D⊠!
7
8. Crucial factors in decresing mortality
Availability of treatment, particularly close
to the scene of the bite. (access)
Confidence in (DOCTORS) being able to
treat the patient. (knowledge)
Equipments.
Medicines.
Referral facilities.
Please note: delayed access &/or
treatment increases the cost of treatment
and decreases chances of survival.
8
17. Administer ASV
only if
you are sure
that there is
un neutralized, unbound venom
in the
blood or tissue fluid
17
18. SNAKE BITE: EVIDENCE OF SYSTEMIC ENVENOMATION
causing neurological
causing haemostatic
impairment (neost.
disturbances i.e.,
test.pptx ) i.e., all cobras,
members of the viper kraits and rarely Russellâs
family. viper.
a 20WBCT indicating the signs will be visual,
initially involving muscles
incoagulable blood or
enervated by the cranial
evidence of spontaneous
nerves.
bleeding from gums. ptosis,
ophthalmoplegia,
difficulty in swallowing
18
31. In the case of neurotoxic envenoming,
once the snake venom antiserum has
been administered, the next step is to
administer a neostigmine test to
establish if the victim reacts to
anticholinesterase.
31
32. Neurological Assessment
Objective measures of neurological
impairment
as single breath count,
length of time upward gaze can be
maintained,
Assessment of imminent respiratory
failure
Ability to raise their head.
32