1. By Ashwini Kumar
10it21

2. Contents
 Introduction
 History
 Main functionality
 Browser’s main components
 working of each components
 Features
 Future Trends and Ongoing research
 Conclusion

4. History
 The first web browser was invented in 1990 by Sir Tim
Berners-Lee. It was called WorldWideWeb (no spaces)
and was later renamed Nexus.Later
 -Microsoft responded with its Internet Explorer in
1995.
 Opera debuted in 1996.
 -In 1998,mozila foundation released firefox .
 -Apple's Safari had its first beta release in January
2003.e.t.c

5. Main
functionality
The browser main
functionality is to
present the web
resource you choose
by requesting it
from server and
display it on the
browser window

6.  Web browsers communicate with web servers
primarily using HTTP (hyper-text transfer protocol) to
fetch webpages.
 Web Pages are located by means of a URL (uniform
resource locator), which is treated as an address.
 Many browsers also support a variety of other URL
types and their corresponding protocols, such as ftp:
for FTP (file transfer protocol), and https: for HTTPS
(an SSL encrypted version of HTTP).

7. Browser’s Main Component
 The user interface - this includes the address bar, back/forward
button, bookmarking menu etc.
 The browser engine - the interface for querying and
manipulating the rendering engine.
 The rendering engine - responsible for displaying the requested
content.
 Networking - used for network calls, like HTTP requests.
 JavaScript interpreter-Used to parse and execute the JavaScript
code.
 Data storage-The browser needs to save all sorts of data on the
hard disk, for examples, cookies. The new HTML specification
(HTML5) defines 'web database' which is a complete (although
light) database in the browser.
 UI backend - used for drawing basic widgets like combo boxes
and windows

8. Main component of a browser

10.  Rendering Engine includes:
1. Rendering Process
2. Rendering Modes
3. Dynamic Pages
4. Resource Loading

11. Rendering Process
 Load the HTML
 Parse it
 Apply styles
 Build frames
 Layout the frames (flow)
 Paint the frames
 display

12. Rendering Engine
 The responsibility of the rendering engine is
rendering, that is display of the requested contents on
the browser screen.
 By default the rendering engine can display HTML and
XML documents and images.
 It can display other types through a plug-in (a browser
extension). An example is displaying PDF using a PDF
viewer plug-in.

13. Features
 HTTP and HTTPS
 HTML, XMLand XHTML
 Cascading Style Sheets
 JavaScript
 RSS(rich site summary)
 Bookmarks
 Caching
 Plugins like pdf reader,video player e.t.c

14. Conclusion
 Web Browser is efficient application for fetching
resources.
 It uses different protocol .
 Rendering Engine responsible for displaying webpages
 Parser helps in translation of html.
 It provides many functionality such as plug in.
 They’ll help the web community imagine and create a
future of great, innovative web apps.

15.  Thank You