1. The average lifetime total
heartbeats is based on an average
of 72 beats per minute during an
average lifespan of 75 years. 72
beats per minute x 60 = 4,320
beats per hour. 4,320 beats per
hour x 24 = 103,680 beats per day.
103,680 beats per day x 365 =
37,843,200 beats per year.
37,843,200 beats per year x 75 =
2,838,240,000 beats in an average
lifetime.
10 C

2. The Human Heart
Heart-o-Facts
pear-shaped structure about
the size of a fist.
responsible for supplying the
body with oxygenated blood.
the heart beats, it exerts a
pressure on the veins and
arteries called blood pressure.
made of a special kind of
muscle called myocardium
enclosed in a double-layered,
membranous sac called a
pericardium
The heart lies in the chest
cavity between the lungs

3. Common Types Of Heart Diesease
• Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary artery disease is atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, producing
blockages in the vessels which nourish the heart itself. Atherosclerosis occurs when
the arteries become clogged and narrowed, restricting blood flow.
• Abnormal Heart Rhythm (Arrhythmia)
An irregular heartbeat is an arrhythmia (also called dysrhythmia). Heart rates can also
be irregular. A normal heart rate is 50 to 100 beats per minute
• Heart Valve Disease
Heart valve disease occurs when the heart valves do not work the way they should.
• Congenital Heart Disease
Congenital heart disease is a type of defect or malformation in one or more structures
of the heart or blood vessels that occurs before birth.
• Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition in which the heart's ability to pump
blood is decreased because the heart's main pumping chamber, the left ventricle, is
enlarged and weakened; this causes a decreased ejection fraction (the amount of
blood pumped out with each heart beat)
• Marfan Syndrome
Marfan syndrome is an inherited disease that affects the connective tissue.

4. •Severe coronary artery disease
•Alcoholism
•Thyroid disease
•Diabetes
•Viral infections of the heart
•Heart valve abnormalities
•Drugs that are toxic (or cause damage) to
the heart
•Taking certain drugs, such as cocaine
•Emotional stress or pain
Stages showing
•Exposure to extreme cold
how the artery is
filled with excess
atheroclerosis
resulting in blood
clot.

5. What effects does heart disease have on the body?
• becomes physically inactive and suffers from constant
fatigue
• failure in the functioning of various organs such as liver,
kidney as well as the intestines etc
• blood pressure fluctuates and one suffers from either
high blood pressure or low blood pressure
• Oxygen supply may not be there to the brain
• blood vessels get blocked causing damage to various
organs of the body
• capacitate a person or even cause death
• can cause depression in a person
• angina pectoris (chest pain)
• sudden cold, sweating, weakness and nausea

6. Risk Factors
Uncontrollable Controllable
•Sex
•Hereditary •High blood pressure
•High blood cholesterol
•Race
•Smoking
•Age
•Physical activity
•Obesity
•Diabetes
•Stress and anger
We can see that by growing older the
chances of a potential heart increases.

7. How can we test for heart disease?

8. •Blood tests: used to evaluate kidney and thyroid
function as well as to check cholesterol levels and
the presence of anemia.
•Chest X-ray: shows the size of your heart and
whether there is fluid build up around the heart and
lungs.
•Echocardiogram: shows a graphic outline of the
heart’s movement
•Ejection fraction (EF): determines how well your
heart pumps with each beat.

9. • Many people are able to manage
coronary artery disease with lifestyle
changes and medications.
• Other people with severe coronary
artery disease may need angioplasty or
surgery.

11. Treatment (continued)
1) Stenting
• a stent is introduced into a blood vessel on a balloon
catheter and advanced into the blocked area of the artery
• the balloon is then inflated and causes the stent to expand
until it fits the inner wall of the vessel, conforming to
contours as needed
• the balloon is then deflated and drawn back
•The stent stays in place permanently, holding the vessel
open and improving the flow of blood.

12. Treatment (continued)
2) Angioplasty
• a balloon catheter is passed through the guiding catheter to the
area near the narrowing. A guide wire inside the balloon catheter is
then advanced through the artery until the tip is beyond the
narrowing.
• the angioplasty catheter is moved over the guide wire until the
balloon is within the narrowed segment.
• balloon is inflated, compressing the plaque against the artery wall
• once plaque has been compressed and the artery has been
sufficiently opened, the balloon catheter will be deflated and
removed.

13. Treatment (continued)
3) Bypass surgery
• healthy blood vessel is removed from leg, arm or chest
• blood vessel is used to create new blood flow path in your heart
• the “bypass graft” enables blood to reach your heart by flowing
around (bypassing)
the blocked portion
of the diseased
artery. The increased
blood flow reduces
angina and the risk
of heart attack.

14. Medications for heart disease
• Intravenous (IV) nitroglycerin has been shown to
improve blood flow to the heart muscle by relaxing
(dilating) the coronary arteries and increasing blood flow.
• Heparin is a "blood thinner," or anticoagulant, which may
be given after a heart attack. Heparin does not remove
an existing clot, but it reduces the tendency of blood to
clot in the coronary arteries
• Beta-blockers are medications that decrease the heart
rate and blood pressure. This reduces the heart's
workload and thus the amount of oxygen it needs.
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may
prevent repeat heart attacks and other problems when
started early during a heart attack.

15. Some common disadvantages of
heart diseases curing drugs
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Stomach pain
• Loss of appetite
• Unusual tiredness or weakness
• Slow heartbeat
• Palpitations
• Irregular heartbeat
• Drowsiness
• Confusion
• Fainting
• Changes in your vision including seeing a halo or light around objects
• decreased sexual ability
• dry mouth
• frequent urination

16. Preventing Heart Disease
Rule #1 Look before your eat
• Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables every day. (5
servings - they are naturally low in fat and high in
vitamins and minerals and anti oxidants). Eat
colored vegetables and fruits
• Eat a variety of grain products
• Choose nonfat or low-fat products.
• Use less fat meats- chicken, fish and lean cuts
 Switch to fat-free milk—toned/skimmed milk

17. Dietary Guidelines
• Limit your intake of foods high in calories
and low in nutrition, including foods like soft
drinks, candy, junk food
• Limit foods high in saturated fat, trans- fat
and cholesterol
• Eat less than 6 gms of salt a day
• Have no more than1-2 alcoholic drink a day
if you are a regular drinker

18. Limit / Avoid
• Foods rich in Cholesterol and Saturated fats
– Egg Yolk
– Fatty meat & organ meat( Liver)
– Butter chicken / Batter fried fish !
– Milk fat – Desi Ghee, Butter, Cheese, Malai,
Rabri, Khurchan, Doda, Ice Cream, full cream
milk,
– Hidden Fat like Bakery biscuits, Patties (!),
Cakes, Pastries,

19. Cooking Oils: The mystery of PUFA
/ MUFA
• Saturated Fats : Increase Cholesterol – Avoid
– Coconut oil, Palm oil, Vanaspati ghee
• Monounsaturated Fats (MUFA): Heart healthy
– Olive oil, Groundnut oil, Canola oil, Mustard oil
• Polyunsaturated Fats (PUFA): Heart healthy
– Sunflower oil, Soybean oil
• Omega-3-Fatty acids Fish oil : Heart Healthy
Rotate the oils or Mixture of oils

20. Preventing Heart Disease
Rule #2 Exercise
• Maintain a level of physical activity that
keeps you fit and matches the calories you
eat
• Serves several functions in preventing and
treating those at high risk
• Reduces incidence of obesity
• Increases HDL
• Lowers LDL and total cholesterol
• Helps control diabetes and hypertension

21. Exercise, Exercise, Exercise
• Mortality is halved in retired men who walk more
than two miles every day
• Regular exercise can halve the risk of heart
disease, particularly in men who walk briskly
• Someone who is inactive has as great a risk of
having heart disease as someone who smokes,
has high blood pressure or has high cholesterol
• Exercise significantly reduces the chances of
diabetes and stroke
• With regular exercise, blood pressure in those with
hypertension is reduced by as much as 20mms Hg

22. Exercise and Heart Disease
Moderate to intense physical activity for 30-45
minutes on most days of the week is recommended

23. Walking for a healthy heart
• Complicated exercise machines or sweating it
out in the gym not essential
JUST WALK!

24. Rule # 3 Stop Smoking NOW!
• The risk of heart attack starts decreasing
within 24 hours of quitting smoking, within
1 year of quitting, CHD risk decreases
significantly, within 2 years it reaches the
level of a nonsmoker
• Smell and taste improve within days
• Within three months of quitting, the
smokers' cough disappears in most people

25. Rule # 3 Stop Smoking NOW!

26. Benefits much beyond Heart Disease
Tobacco Cardiovascular
Cancers
Diet
Diabetes
Physical Activity Chronic Respiratory Diseases
Osteoporosis
Oral Health
Alcohol
Mental Health

27. Rule # 4 Know your Number!
And that’s not your Mobile Number!
Desirable numbers
• Total cholesterol < 200;
• LDL < 100
• HDL > 40
• triglycerides < 200
• Get the levels tested routinely and keep them
under control
• The only thing worse than finding out that you
have one of these conditions is…….NOT finding
out that you have it!!

28. Benefits of reducing cholesterol
10% reduction of blood
cholesterol produces 20-30%
decline in CHD deaths
All Adults >20 yrs must get tested- if normal test again
after 5 years, if elevated, work towards normalizing the
levels with lifestyle modification and drugs as needed

29. Controlling Blood Pressure
• Adults should have their blood pressure checked
at least once every two years, as there are no
symptoms to tell if you have high blood pressure
• Optimal levels : 120 /80 mm Hg
• If high
– Modify your lifestyle – Diet, Weight, Exercise, Salt
restriction
– Adhere to the prescribed medication without fail, to
decrease chances of getting heart disease – Do not
stop your medicines without consulting your doctor,
even if the blood pressure becomes normal

30. Controlling Blood Sugar
• All adults should have their blood sugar checked
regularly, as there are no early symptoms of
diabetes
• Normal blood sugar:
• Fasting < 100; post meals <140
• If high
– Modify your lifestyle – Diet, Weight, Exercise
– Adhere to the prescribed medication without fail, to
decrease chances of getting heart disease – Do not
stop your medicines without consulting your doctor,
even if the blood sugar becomes normal

31. If you or someone in your family
already diagnosed with heart disease
• Don’t get disheartened – science has made significant
progress
• Just monitor risk factors much more aggressively
– Eat healthy
– Walk regularly
– Watch your weight
– Quit smoking immediately
– Keep your weight under control
– In addition to improving your heart – health these measures are
sure to enhance your appearance !!
• Adhere to you medicines & listen to your doctor

32. Factors
Economical and Health
With the advancement the fast food industry the amount of consumption is
also growing rapidly. These fast food commonly has a high of cholesterol in
it. If we consume a lot of fast food it will form blockage in the artery and
form blood clot. This gives rise to many other heart related problem. But
the fast food firms wont realize it because all they care is about earning fat
bundle of money. Once this problem arises the victim has to endless
money for unlimited test, operations and medicines.
Lifestyle
Now days a man’s has become so fast that he has to substitute
his daily routine to his job earning work. In this hurry he often
forget to exercise. Due to this the ―not so dangerous‖ fat
becomes the biggest enemy of him. So I think that today’s
lifestyle is very responsible for the rising cases of heart disease.

33. • Get regular medical checkups.
• Control your blood pressure.
• Check your cholesterol.
• Don’t smoke.
• Exercise regularly.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Eat a heart-healthy diet.
• Manage stress.