SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 37
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
Climate Smart Agricultural Practices for
Food Security in the Mountain Areas of
Eastern Himalayas
V. P. Singh*, D. Nayak*, L. Nabachandra Singh**
and Gyambo Tshering***
* ICRAF, India, **CAU, India,*** RDC, Bajo,
Wangdue, Bhutan
Eastern Himalayas: Case Studies
Some features
• Rainfed upland/hill (high slope
land) agro-ecosystem
• Area : 90 % hills & 10 % valley
• Climate : Mild tropical to
temperate
• Rainy season : May to
October
• Rainfall : 1500 mm (Annual
average)
• Temperature : 0.5 to 350C
• Humidity : 40 to 100 %
• Soil : Clay to clay loam(valley),
Red lateritic soil (hills)
• pH : 4.5 to 6.5
• Severe soil erosion
Sand deposit over highly fertile lowlands
Some major farming systems in
Mountain Areas of Eastern Himalayas
• Jhum cultivation
system (clearing-
burning- cultivating
for 6-7 years-
abandoning for 4-5
years and coming back
there again)
• Maize, Potato, Pastoral,
Tree crops, and Rice
based farming
Issues related to the target
environment/ecosystem
* No income during initial one and half year
* Degradation of forest/vegetation in jhum system
due to shortening of jhum cycle
* In-situ depletion of soil productivity due to
surface soil erosion, and at ex-situ due to sand
deposits
* Lack of moisture during dry season
* Flooding due to excessive run off during rains
* Unavailability of appropriate technology for
sustainable productivity
Manipur, India and Salamjee, Bhutan
Discussion and diagnosis camps
at pilot villages
Participating farmers at Kairembikhok village
Benefits of working in group
• Solution to labor shortage
• Sharing of indigenous knowledge
• Completing work within shorter time period
• Sharing of harder part of the work by stronger and
weaker populace
• Strengthened social relations and improved
cooperation and cohesion
• Equity for the weaker sections of society to be taken
on-board
• Capacity to extend their efforts through coordinated
effort and united decision making process
The group decided that the
interventions:
• Cover entire landscape
• Provide early income, increase with
time
• Be regular source of income
• Focus on crops farmers are familiar
with
• Build capacity on specific aspects
Technology adoption to be accelerated for the
target site
• Agro-horti-silviculture farming
• Intercropping between horticultural and
silvicultural plants with adapted varieties of
suitable crop species as filler crop
• Agronomic measures for soil and water
conservation, such as the contour planting,
mixed cropping, etc.
Agro-horti-silvicultural farming system adopted
*Timber crops - 1. Teak (Tectonia grandis)
2. Champa (Michelia champaka)
3. Wang (Gmelina arborea)
*Fruit crops - 1. Citrus sp.(Citrus raticulata,
C. aurantifolia, C. macrotera)
2. Pineapple (Ananas comosus)
3. Jackfruit (Autocarpus heterophyllus)
4. Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.)
* Field crops - 1. Arhar (Cajanus cajan)
2. Ricebean (Vigna umbellata)
3. Groundnut (Arachis hypogae)
4. Soybean (Glycine max)
5. Rice and Wheat
Start of income
• Field crops, including tubers - 4-6 months
• Pineapple - 18 months onwards
• Passion fruit - 24 months onwards
• Grafted citrus - 24 months onwards
• Jackfruit - 5 years onwards
• Timber trees - After 10 years
Cultivation system of agro-horti-
silviculture
1. Timber crops as pure crops at the upper
most crest (upper slopes)
2. Pineapple, citrus, Jackfruit and some
timber planted on mid slopes as pure as
well as inter-crop with pulses/oilseeds
and other crops
3. Bottom lands are grown to rice and
upland crops
New crops introduced by farmers
themselves
1. Passion fruit in eroded lands.
2. Ginger, turmeric and colocassia
as inter-crops in between
pineapple.
3. Mustard and peas in bottom
lands after rice.
Forest resource mapping, and citrus nursery raising
 Citrus Patch and T-budding, and backyard kitchen gardening
Nursery raisin and tree plantation and management
Performance of timber crops
Tree species Planted %Survival
Teak (Tectonia grandis) 1,000 67.6
(1,980) (60.2)
Champa (Michelia champaka) 1,000 68.9
(545) (58.2)
Wang (Gmelina arboria) 1,000 63.4
(765) (65.4)
Total 3,000 66.6
(3,290) (61.3)
Figures in parenthesis are for previous year
Performance of fruit crops
Fruit species Planted % Survival
Citrus sp. 3,690 68.5
(3,250) (57.7)
Pineapple 1,20,000 91.9
(1,39,000) (100)
Jackfruit 300 81.1
(447) (48.8)
Passion fruit 570 74
Figures in parenthesis are for the year before
Performance of intercrops
with pineapple
Intercrop Productivity(kg/ha)
Current yr. previous yr.
Arhar(Cajanus cajan) 1,450 665
Ricebean(Vigna umbellate) 1,635 -
Groundnut (Arachis hypogae)1,055 678
Soybean(Glycine max) 683 -
Pineapple intercropped with
ground nuts and pigeon pea
Pineapple – ginger and Pineapple – soybean
intercropping in old tree systems, Manipur
Kairenbikhok Awang hill in Saram hill range, Thoubal Dist.
(Manipur), then
Kairenbikhok Awang hill in Saram hill range, Thoubal Dist.
(Manipur), Now
Agro-horti-silviculture system, now
Salamjee, Bhutan then
Salamjee, Bhutan Birds eye view now
Salamjee, Bhutan at present
Locally fabricated equipment for measuring soil erosion
Soil erosion loss under different land uses
Land use Soil erosion loss
Mild slope Steep slope
up to 30 % > 30 %
Jhum (Traditional) 140 t/ha/year 170 t/ha/year
Agroforestry 15 t/ha/year 27 t/ha/year
(Adopted)
Key results so far
1. Area covered by the adopted technologies is increasing
2. Productivity of introduced crops is increasing
3. Farm level biodiversity is increasing
4. Cropping intensity is increasing
5. Soil losses are decreasing
6. System is providing regular income; seasonal, yearly, after
two years and so on
7. Farm income is increasing with the progress of time
8. Employment opportunities are increasing
The introduced agro-horti-silvi culture system as chosen
and modified by the farmers is increasingly contributing to
the livelihoods of these farmers
Problems faced in the implementation of
the project
1. Lack of seedlings and quality planting
material of desired species.
2. Farmer’s new interventions making the
comparison difficult.
Lessons learnt
• Land degradation issues can better addressed
through community-based approach
• Manageable group size is between 20-25 HH
• A start up fund support is a must
• Capacity building should be the integral
component
• Committed leadership required (to start and
to take it further)
• HH be in dire need for implementing SLM
Lessons learnt
• Farmers wanted a high level of biodiversity at the
farm level and were interested in mixed planting
rather than pure crop block planting (minimizing
risk from failure
• Joint planning with multi-stakeholders made the
implementation easy
• Providing support for weakest input (seedlings)
was essential for accelerating the technology
adoption
• The participation of entire village community was
a key to the success of the project, e.g. protecting
from stray cattle and stealing, etc.
Thank
you

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Rice based cropping system
Rice based cropping systemRice based cropping system
Rice based cropping systemGuru6005
 
Conservation Agriculture in Ethiopia: Field visit soddo humbo-29-02-2020-slm...
Conservation Agriculture in Ethiopia: Field visit soddo  humbo-29-02-2020-slm...Conservation Agriculture in Ethiopia: Field visit soddo  humbo-29-02-2020-slm...
Conservation Agriculture in Ethiopia: Field visit soddo humbo-29-02-2020-slm...African Conservation Tillage Network
 
Jonathan cawt in eastern africa 1st africa ca conference ega side event lus...
Jonathan cawt in eastern africa   1st africa ca conference ega side event lus...Jonathan cawt in eastern africa   1st africa ca conference ega side event lus...
Jonathan cawt in eastern africa 1st africa ca conference ega side event lus...EverGreenAgriculture13
 
Session 3.4 promotion of teak under an agroforestry system
Session 3.4 promotion of teak under an agroforestry systemSession 3.4 promotion of teak under an agroforestry system
Session 3.4 promotion of teak under an agroforestry systemWorld Agroforestry (ICRAF)
 
Assessing fodder production in silvipasture production
Assessing fodder production in silvipasture productionAssessing fodder production in silvipasture production
Assessing fodder production in silvipasture productionVeeramani Chinnasamy
 
Crisis in Africa's drylands: the promise of agroforestry
Crisis in Africa's drylands: the promise of agroforestryCrisis in Africa's drylands: the promise of agroforestry
Crisis in Africa's drylands: the promise of agroforestryPatrick Worms
 
Role of agroforestry in augmenting crop productivity
Role of agroforestry in augmenting crop productivityRole of agroforestry in augmenting crop productivity
Role of agroforestry in augmenting crop productivityAmit Chaudhary
 
Malnutrition? Plant trees!
Malnutrition? Plant trees! Malnutrition? Plant trees!
Malnutrition? Plant trees! Patrick Worms
 
Drylands security and agroforestry
Drylands security and agroforestryDrylands security and agroforestry
Drylands security and agroforestryPatrick Worms
 
Session 3.3 agrofrestry for improved nutrition shono
Session 3.3 agrofrestry for improved nutrition   shonoSession 3.3 agrofrestry for improved nutrition   shono
Session 3.3 agrofrestry for improved nutrition shonoWorld Agroforestry (ICRAF)
 
Agroforestry systems and architecture
Agroforestry systems and architectureAgroforestry systems and architecture
Agroforestry systems and architectureVivek Srivastava
 
Session 1.4 design & devp of agroforestry systems
Session 1.4 design & devp of agroforestry systemsSession 1.4 design & devp of agroforestry systems
Session 1.4 design & devp of agroforestry systemsWorld Agroforestry (ICRAF)
 
Sylvipastoral Systems
Sylvipastoral SystemsSylvipastoral Systems
Sylvipastoral SystemsTeresa Fresu
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Rice based cropping system
Rice based cropping systemRice based cropping system
Rice based cropping system
 
Conservation Agriculture in Ethiopia: Field visit soddo humbo-29-02-2020-slm...
Conservation Agriculture in Ethiopia: Field visit soddo  humbo-29-02-2020-slm...Conservation Agriculture in Ethiopia: Field visit soddo  humbo-29-02-2020-slm...
Conservation Agriculture in Ethiopia: Field visit soddo humbo-29-02-2020-slm...
 
1514 - The Concept of the TIRR Package
1514 -  The Concept of the TIRR Package1514 -  The Concept of the TIRR Package
1514 - The Concept of the TIRR Package
 
Jonathan cawt in eastern africa 1st africa ca conference ega side event lus...
Jonathan cawt in eastern africa   1st africa ca conference ega side event lus...Jonathan cawt in eastern africa   1st africa ca conference ega side event lus...
Jonathan cawt in eastern africa 1st africa ca conference ega side event lus...
 
Agroforestry for Development of Dry Areas
Agroforestry for Development of Dry Areas Agroforestry for Development of Dry Areas
Agroforestry for Development of Dry Areas
 
Session 3.4 promotion of teak under an agroforestry system
Session 3.4 promotion of teak under an agroforestry systemSession 3.4 promotion of teak under an agroforestry system
Session 3.4 promotion of teak under an agroforestry system
 
Assessing fodder production in silvipasture production
Assessing fodder production in silvipasture productionAssessing fodder production in silvipasture production
Assessing fodder production in silvipasture production
 
Crisis in Africa's drylands: the promise of agroforestry
Crisis in Africa's drylands: the promise of agroforestryCrisis in Africa's drylands: the promise of agroforestry
Crisis in Africa's drylands: the promise of agroforestry
 
Role of agroforestry in augmenting crop productivity
Role of agroforestry in augmenting crop productivityRole of agroforestry in augmenting crop productivity
Role of agroforestry in augmenting crop productivity
 
Malnutrition? Plant trees!
Malnutrition? Plant trees! Malnutrition? Plant trees!
Malnutrition? Plant trees!
 
Drylands security and agroforestry
Drylands security and agroforestryDrylands security and agroforestry
Drylands security and agroforestry
 
ICARDA’s Conservation Agriculture Experiences
ICARDA’s Conservation Agriculture ExperiencesICARDA’s Conservation Agriculture Experiences
ICARDA’s Conservation Agriculture Experiences
 
Session 3.3 agrofrestry for improved nutrition shono
Session 3.3 agrofrestry for improved nutrition   shonoSession 3.3 agrofrestry for improved nutrition   shono
Session 3.3 agrofrestry for improved nutrition shono
 
Agroforestry systems and architecture
Agroforestry systems and architectureAgroforestry systems and architecture
Agroforestry systems and architecture
 
Session 1.4 design & devp of agroforestry systems
Session 1.4 design & devp of agroforestry systemsSession 1.4 design & devp of agroforestry systems
Session 1.4 design & devp of agroforestry systems
 
Home Gardens: A Promising Approach to Enhance Household Food Security and Wel...
Home Gardens: A Promising Approach to Enhance Household Food Security and Wel...Home Gardens: A Promising Approach to Enhance Household Food Security and Wel...
Home Gardens: A Promising Approach to Enhance Household Food Security and Wel...
 
Sylvipastoral Systems
Sylvipastoral SystemsSylvipastoral Systems
Sylvipastoral Systems
 
Celtis australis Linn: A Multipurpose Tree Species in North West Himalaya
Celtis australis Linn: A Multipurpose Tree Species in North West HimalayaCeltis australis Linn: A Multipurpose Tree Species in North West Himalaya
Celtis australis Linn: A Multipurpose Tree Species in North West Himalaya
 
1611 - Agroecological Strategies for Regenerative, Climate-Smart Agriculture ...
1611 - Agroecological Strategies for Regenerative, Climate-Smart Agriculture ...1611 - Agroecological Strategies for Regenerative, Climate-Smart Agriculture ...
1611 - Agroecological Strategies for Regenerative, Climate-Smart Agriculture ...
 
Session 1.1 trees on private land
Session 1.1 trees on private landSession 1.1 trees on private land
Session 1.1 trees on private land
 

Andere mochten auch

Andere mochten auch (6)

Sacred Grove
Sacred GroveSacred Grove
Sacred Grove
 
Potato cultivation
Potato cultivationPotato cultivation
Potato cultivation
 
SACRED GROVES
SACRED GROVESSACRED GROVES
SACRED GROVES
 
Agro-forestry
Agro-forestryAgro-forestry
Agro-forestry
 
Conservation of natural resources
Conservation of natural resourcesConservation of natural resources
Conservation of natural resources
 
Agroforestry
AgroforestryAgroforestry
Agroforestry
 

Ähnlich wie Climate Smart Agricultural Practices for Food Security in the Mountain Areas of Eastern Himalayas

AugustinMercado-icraf-conservationagriculturewithtreesintopical uplands
AugustinMercado-icraf-conservationagriculturewithtreesintopical uplandsAugustinMercado-icraf-conservationagriculturewithtreesintopical uplands
AugustinMercado-icraf-conservationagriculturewithtreesintopical uplandsWorld Agroforestry (ICRAF)
 
Sustainable Intensification of biodiversity in agroecosystem through conserva...
Sustainable Intensification of biodiversity in agroecosystem through conserva...Sustainable Intensification of biodiversity in agroecosystem through conserva...
Sustainable Intensification of biodiversity in agroecosystem through conserva...Subodh Khanal
 
National mission for sustaining himalayan ecosystem (nmshe) ppt
National mission for sustaining himalayan ecosystem (nmshe) pptNational mission for sustaining himalayan ecosystem (nmshe) ppt
National mission for sustaining himalayan ecosystem (nmshe) pptSikkim University
 
Assessing needs: Forage demands and feed gaps from dairy and dual purpose val...
Assessing needs: Forage demands and feed gaps from dairy and dual purpose val...Assessing needs: Forage demands and feed gaps from dairy and dual purpose val...
Assessing needs: Forage demands and feed gaps from dairy and dual purpose val...ILRI
 
Sec 2 Unit 7 types of agriculture
Sec 2 Unit 7 types of agricultureSec 2 Unit 7 types of agriculture
Sec 2 Unit 7 types of agriculturecritter33
 
Developing more sustainable and productive agricultural systems - ways and means
Developing more sustainable and productive agricultural systems - ways and meansDeveloping more sustainable and productive agricultural systems - ways and means
Developing more sustainable and productive agricultural systems - ways and meansDiraviam Jayaraj
 
AGL604 (Farming System and Sustainable Agriculture)
AGL604 (Farming System and Sustainable Agriculture)AGL604 (Farming System and Sustainable Agriculture)
AGL604 (Farming System and Sustainable Agriculture)career point university
 
Integrating Trees on Farms: What Options are Available
Integrating Trees on Farms: What Options are AvailableIntegrating Trees on Farms: What Options are Available
Integrating Trees on Farms: What Options are AvailableWorld Agroforestry (ICRAF)
 
Indigenous Knowledge Systems - 5
Indigenous Knowledge Systems - 5 Indigenous Knowledge Systems - 5
Indigenous Knowledge Systems - 5 Dr. P.B.Dharmasena
 
Sustainable Land Management in Practice 23.01.2023.pdf
Sustainable Land Management in Practice 23.01.2023.pdfSustainable Land Management in Practice 23.01.2023.pdf
Sustainable Land Management in Practice 23.01.2023.pdfDr. P.B.Dharmasena
 
Impacts of Adoption of Climate Smart Technologies on Income among Agro-Pastor...
Impacts of Adoption of Climate Smart Technologies on Income among Agro-Pastor...Impacts of Adoption of Climate Smart Technologies on Income among Agro-Pastor...
Impacts of Adoption of Climate Smart Technologies on Income among Agro-Pastor...ESD UNU-IAS
 
Planting perennial trees and grasses for food security and climate change ada...
Planting perennial trees and grasses for food security and climate change ada...Planting perennial trees and grasses for food security and climate change ada...
Planting perennial trees and grasses for food security and climate change ada...FAO
 
Agronomic practices for changing Indian agriculture towards second green revo...
Agronomic practices for changing Indian agriculture towards second green revo...Agronomic practices for changing Indian agriculture towards second green revo...
Agronomic practices for changing Indian agriculture towards second green revo...Preetam Rathore
 
Sec 2 Unit 7 types of agriculture
Sec 2 Unit 7 types of agricultureSec 2 Unit 7 types of agriculture
Sec 2 Unit 7 types of agriculturecritter33
 

Ähnlich wie Climate Smart Agricultural Practices for Food Security in the Mountain Areas of Eastern Himalayas (20)

AugustinMercado-icraf-conservationagriculturewithtreesintopical uplands
AugustinMercado-icraf-conservationagriculturewithtreesintopical uplandsAugustinMercado-icraf-conservationagriculturewithtreesintopical uplands
AugustinMercado-icraf-conservationagriculturewithtreesintopical uplands
 
Sustainable Intensification of biodiversity in agroecosystem through conserva...
Sustainable Intensification of biodiversity in agroecosystem through conserva...Sustainable Intensification of biodiversity in agroecosystem through conserva...
Sustainable Intensification of biodiversity in agroecosystem through conserva...
 
National mission for sustaining himalayan ecosystem (nmshe) ppt
National mission for sustaining himalayan ecosystem (nmshe) pptNational mission for sustaining himalayan ecosystem (nmshe) ppt
National mission for sustaining himalayan ecosystem (nmshe) ppt
 
Jonathan 120412031249-phpapp01
Jonathan 120412031249-phpapp01Jonathan 120412031249-phpapp01
Jonathan 120412031249-phpapp01
 
Assessing needs: Forage demands and feed gaps from dairy and dual purpose val...
Assessing needs: Forage demands and feed gaps from dairy and dual purpose val...Assessing needs: Forage demands and feed gaps from dairy and dual purpose val...
Assessing needs: Forage demands and feed gaps from dairy and dual purpose val...
 
Sec 2 Unit 7 types of agriculture
Sec 2 Unit 7 types of agricultureSec 2 Unit 7 types of agriculture
Sec 2 Unit 7 types of agriculture
 
Developing more sustainable and productive agricultural systems - ways and means
Developing more sustainable and productive agricultural systems - ways and meansDeveloping more sustainable and productive agricultural systems - ways and means
Developing more sustainable and productive agricultural systems - ways and means
 
AGL604 (Farming System and Sustainable Agriculture)
AGL604 (Farming System and Sustainable Agriculture)AGL604 (Farming System and Sustainable Agriculture)
AGL604 (Farming System and Sustainable Agriculture)
 
Integrating Trees on Farms: What Options are Available
Integrating Trees on Farms: What Options are AvailableIntegrating Trees on Farms: What Options are Available
Integrating Trees on Farms: What Options are Available
 
Indigenous Knowledge Systems - 5
Indigenous Knowledge Systems - 5 Indigenous Knowledge Systems - 5
Indigenous Knowledge Systems - 5
 
Sustainable Land Management in Practice 23.01.2023.pdf
Sustainable Land Management in Practice 23.01.2023.pdfSustainable Land Management in Practice 23.01.2023.pdf
Sustainable Land Management in Practice 23.01.2023.pdf
 
Impacts of Adoption of Climate Smart Technologies on Income among Agro-Pastor...
Impacts of Adoption of Climate Smart Technologies on Income among Agro-Pastor...Impacts of Adoption of Climate Smart Technologies on Income among Agro-Pastor...
Impacts of Adoption of Climate Smart Technologies on Income among Agro-Pastor...
 
Planting perennial trees and grasses for food security and climate change ada...
Planting perennial trees and grasses for food security and climate change ada...Planting perennial trees and grasses for food security and climate change ada...
Planting perennial trees and grasses for food security and climate change ada...
 
Multi cropping.pptx
Multi cropping.pptxMulti cropping.pptx
Multi cropping.pptx
 
Kwesi Atta-Krah - What is a Climate Smart Agricultural Landscape
Kwesi Atta-Krah - What is a Climate Smart Agricultural LandscapeKwesi Atta-Krah - What is a Climate Smart Agricultural Landscape
Kwesi Atta-Krah - What is a Climate Smart Agricultural Landscape
 
Tallinn 2013 05
Tallinn 2013 05Tallinn 2013 05
Tallinn 2013 05
 
Conservation Agriculture and Sustainable Intensification of cereal-based syst...
Conservation Agriculture and Sustainable Intensification of cereal-based syst...Conservation Agriculture and Sustainable Intensification of cereal-based syst...
Conservation Agriculture and Sustainable Intensification of cereal-based syst...
 
Multi cropping.pptx
Multi cropping.pptxMulti cropping.pptx
Multi cropping.pptx
 
Agronomic practices for changing Indian agriculture towards second green revo...
Agronomic practices for changing Indian agriculture towards second green revo...Agronomic practices for changing Indian agriculture towards second green revo...
Agronomic practices for changing Indian agriculture towards second green revo...
 
Sec 2 Unit 7 types of agriculture
Sec 2 Unit 7 types of agricultureSec 2 Unit 7 types of agriculture
Sec 2 Unit 7 types of agriculture
 

Mehr von ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins

Mehr von ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins (20)

The role of multistakeholder processes in climate smart landscape development
The role of multistakeholder processes in climate smart landscape developmentThe role of multistakeholder processes in climate smart landscape development
The role of multistakeholder processes in climate smart landscape development
 
Stimulating public and private for climate smart landscape in Vietnam
Stimulating public and private for climate smart landscape in VietnamStimulating public and private for climate smart landscape in Vietnam
Stimulating public and private for climate smart landscape in Vietnam
 
Odds and ends of rehabilitating (restoring) degraded landscapes
Odds and ends of rehabilitating (restoring) degraded landscapesOdds and ends of rehabilitating (restoring) degraded landscapes
Odds and ends of rehabilitating (restoring) degraded landscapes
 
Integration of Land-based Sectoral Program and climate-change mitigation poli...
Integration of Land-based Sectoral Program and climate-change mitigation poli...Integration of Land-based Sectoral Program and climate-change mitigation poli...
Integration of Land-based Sectoral Program and climate-change mitigation poli...
 
A nested information system on greenhouse gas emissions (SIGN SMART)
A nested information system on greenhouse gas emissions (SIGN SMART)A nested information system on greenhouse gas emissions (SIGN SMART)
A nested information system on greenhouse gas emissions (SIGN SMART)
 
Climate Change Land-Based Mitigation Planning and Implementation in Jayapura ...
Climate Change Land-Based Mitigation Planning and Implementation in Jayapura ...Climate Change Land-Based Mitigation Planning and Implementation in Jayapura ...
Climate Change Land-Based Mitigation Planning and Implementation in Jayapura ...
 
Lessons Learnt From Unilateral Process of Reducing Emissions From Land-based ...
Lessons Learnt From Unilateral Process of Reducing Emissions From Land-based ...Lessons Learnt From Unilateral Process of Reducing Emissions From Land-based ...
Lessons Learnt From Unilateral Process of Reducing Emissions From Land-based ...
 
REDD+ Readiness across countries: time for reconsideration
REDD+ Readiness across countries: time for reconsiderationREDD+ Readiness across countries: time for reconsideration
REDD+ Readiness across countries: time for reconsideration
 
Strengthening capacities for informed mitigation action planning across Indon...
Strengthening capacities for informed mitigation action planning across Indon...Strengthening capacities for informed mitigation action planning across Indon...
Strengthening capacities for informed mitigation action planning across Indon...
 
Science at ASB Partnership: Reflections from young scientists
Science at ASB Partnership: Reflections from young scientistsScience at ASB Partnership: Reflections from young scientists
Science at ASB Partnership: Reflections from young scientists
 
Alternatives to Slash and Burn Programme: what have we learned, where to next?
Alternatives to Slash and Burn Programme: what have we learned, where to next?Alternatives to Slash and Burn Programme: what have we learned, where to next?
Alternatives to Slash and Burn Programme: what have we learned, where to next?
 
Assessing Sustainability of Swiddens systems in Tropical Forest Margins
Assessing Sustainability of Swiddens systems in Tropical Forest MarginsAssessing Sustainability of Swiddens systems in Tropical Forest Margins
Assessing Sustainability of Swiddens systems in Tropical Forest Margins
 
Does expected profit predict compliance in auctions for payment for ecosystem...
Does expected profit predict compliance in auctions for payment for ecosystem...Does expected profit predict compliance in auctions for payment for ecosystem...
Does expected profit predict compliance in auctions for payment for ecosystem...
 
Identifying Policy Levers Of Deforestation and Recovery Of Tree Cover From T...
Identifying Policy Levers Of Deforestation  and Recovery Of Tree Cover From T...Identifying Policy Levers Of Deforestation  and Recovery Of Tree Cover From T...
Identifying Policy Levers Of Deforestation and Recovery Of Tree Cover From T...
 
Identification and quantification forest degradation drivers in tropical dry ...
Identification and quantification forest degradation drivers in tropical dry ...Identification and quantification forest degradation drivers in tropical dry ...
Identification and quantification forest degradation drivers in tropical dry ...
 
Theories of change and change of theories: Twenty years of ASB Partnership
Theories of change and change of theories: Twenty years of ASB PartnershipTheories of change and change of theories: Twenty years of ASB Partnership
Theories of change and change of theories: Twenty years of ASB Partnership
 
ASB Partnerhip @ 20: what have we learned, where to next. 2pptx
ASB Partnerhip @ 20: what have we learned, where to next. 2pptxASB Partnerhip @ 20: what have we learned, where to next. 2pptx
ASB Partnerhip @ 20: what have we learned, where to next. 2pptx
 
Synergies between mitigation and adaptation..ppt glf nov 16
Synergies between mitigation and adaptation..ppt glf nov 16Synergies between mitigation and adaptation..ppt glf nov 16
Synergies between mitigation and adaptation..ppt glf nov 16
 
Drivers, forest transitions and setting baselines at sub-national level
Drivers, forest transitions and setting baselines at sub-national levelDrivers, forest transitions and setting baselines at sub-national level
Drivers, forest transitions and setting baselines at sub-national level
 
Sbsta 38 side event on non market based approaches final (nx power lite)
Sbsta 38 side event on non market based approaches final (nx power lite)Sbsta 38 side event on non market based approaches final (nx power lite)
Sbsta 38 side event on non market based approaches final (nx power lite)
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Adtran
 
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsComputer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsSeth Reyes
 
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostKubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostMatt Ray
 
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintEmpowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintMahmoud Rabie
 
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...Aggregage
 
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdfNanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdfPedro Manuel
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7DianaGray10
 
20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf
20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf
20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdfJamie (Taka) Wang
 
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystem
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystemBird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystem
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystemAsko Soukka
 
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and IstioComparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and IstioChristian Posta
 
Designing A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URLDesigning A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URLRuncy Oommen
 
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1DianaGray10
 
Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdf
Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdfSpring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdf
Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdfAnna Loughnan Colquhoun
 
How to Effectively Monitor SD-WAN and SASE Environments with ThousandEyes
How to Effectively Monitor SD-WAN and SASE Environments with ThousandEyesHow to Effectively Monitor SD-WAN and SASE Environments with ThousandEyes
How to Effectively Monitor SD-WAN and SASE Environments with ThousandEyesThousandEyes
 
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019IES VE
 
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond OntologiesLinked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond OntologiesDavid Newbury
 
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1DianaGray10
 
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.YounusS2
 
Introduction to Quantum Computing
Introduction to Quantum ComputingIntroduction to Quantum Computing
Introduction to Quantum ComputingGDSC PJATK
 
PicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer Service
PicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer ServicePicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer Service
PicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer ServiceRenan Moreira de Oliveira
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
 
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsComputer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
 
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostKubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
 
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintEmpowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
 
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
 
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdfNanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
 
20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf
20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf
20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf
 
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystem
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystemBird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystem
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystem
 
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and IstioComparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
 
Designing A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URLDesigning A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URL
 
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
 
Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdf
Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdfSpring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdf
Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdf
 
How to Effectively Monitor SD-WAN and SASE Environments with ThousandEyes
How to Effectively Monitor SD-WAN and SASE Environments with ThousandEyesHow to Effectively Monitor SD-WAN and SASE Environments with ThousandEyes
How to Effectively Monitor SD-WAN and SASE Environments with ThousandEyes
 
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
 
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond OntologiesLinked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
 
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
 
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
 
Introduction to Quantum Computing
Introduction to Quantum ComputingIntroduction to Quantum Computing
Introduction to Quantum Computing
 
PicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer Service
PicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer ServicePicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer Service
PicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer Service
 

Climate Smart Agricultural Practices for Food Security in the Mountain Areas of Eastern Himalayas

  • 1. Climate Smart Agricultural Practices for Food Security in the Mountain Areas of Eastern Himalayas V. P. Singh*, D. Nayak*, L. Nabachandra Singh** and Gyambo Tshering*** * ICRAF, India, **CAU, India,*** RDC, Bajo, Wangdue, Bhutan
  • 3. Some features • Rainfed upland/hill (high slope land) agro-ecosystem • Area : 90 % hills & 10 % valley • Climate : Mild tropical to temperate • Rainy season : May to October • Rainfall : 1500 mm (Annual average) • Temperature : 0.5 to 350C • Humidity : 40 to 100 % • Soil : Clay to clay loam(valley), Red lateritic soil (hills) • pH : 4.5 to 6.5 • Severe soil erosion
  • 4. Sand deposit over highly fertile lowlands
  • 5. Some major farming systems in Mountain Areas of Eastern Himalayas • Jhum cultivation system (clearing- burning- cultivating for 6-7 years- abandoning for 4-5 years and coming back there again) • Maize, Potato, Pastoral, Tree crops, and Rice based farming
  • 6. Issues related to the target environment/ecosystem * No income during initial one and half year * Degradation of forest/vegetation in jhum system due to shortening of jhum cycle * In-situ depletion of soil productivity due to surface soil erosion, and at ex-situ due to sand deposits * Lack of moisture during dry season * Flooding due to excessive run off during rains * Unavailability of appropriate technology for sustainable productivity
  • 7. Manipur, India and Salamjee, Bhutan
  • 8. Discussion and diagnosis camps at pilot villages
  • 9. Participating farmers at Kairembikhok village
  • 10. Benefits of working in group • Solution to labor shortage • Sharing of indigenous knowledge • Completing work within shorter time period • Sharing of harder part of the work by stronger and weaker populace • Strengthened social relations and improved cooperation and cohesion • Equity for the weaker sections of society to be taken on-board • Capacity to extend their efforts through coordinated effort and united decision making process
  • 11. The group decided that the interventions: • Cover entire landscape • Provide early income, increase with time • Be regular source of income • Focus on crops farmers are familiar with • Build capacity on specific aspects
  • 12. Technology adoption to be accelerated for the target site • Agro-horti-silviculture farming • Intercropping between horticultural and silvicultural plants with adapted varieties of suitable crop species as filler crop • Agronomic measures for soil and water conservation, such as the contour planting, mixed cropping, etc.
  • 13. Agro-horti-silvicultural farming system adopted *Timber crops - 1. Teak (Tectonia grandis) 2. Champa (Michelia champaka) 3. Wang (Gmelina arborea) *Fruit crops - 1. Citrus sp.(Citrus raticulata, C. aurantifolia, C. macrotera) 2. Pineapple (Ananas comosus) 3. Jackfruit (Autocarpus heterophyllus) 4. Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.) * Field crops - 1. Arhar (Cajanus cajan) 2. Ricebean (Vigna umbellata) 3. Groundnut (Arachis hypogae) 4. Soybean (Glycine max) 5. Rice and Wheat
  • 14. Start of income • Field crops, including tubers - 4-6 months • Pineapple - 18 months onwards • Passion fruit - 24 months onwards • Grafted citrus - 24 months onwards • Jackfruit - 5 years onwards • Timber trees - After 10 years
  • 15. Cultivation system of agro-horti- silviculture 1. Timber crops as pure crops at the upper most crest (upper slopes) 2. Pineapple, citrus, Jackfruit and some timber planted on mid slopes as pure as well as inter-crop with pulses/oilseeds and other crops 3. Bottom lands are grown to rice and upland crops
  • 16. New crops introduced by farmers themselves 1. Passion fruit in eroded lands. 2. Ginger, turmeric and colocassia as inter-crops in between pineapple. 3. Mustard and peas in bottom lands after rice.
  • 17. Forest resource mapping, and citrus nursery raising
  • 18.  Citrus Patch and T-budding, and backyard kitchen gardening
  • 19. Nursery raisin and tree plantation and management
  • 20. Performance of timber crops Tree species Planted %Survival Teak (Tectonia grandis) 1,000 67.6 (1,980) (60.2) Champa (Michelia champaka) 1,000 68.9 (545) (58.2) Wang (Gmelina arboria) 1,000 63.4 (765) (65.4) Total 3,000 66.6 (3,290) (61.3) Figures in parenthesis are for previous year
  • 21. Performance of fruit crops Fruit species Planted % Survival Citrus sp. 3,690 68.5 (3,250) (57.7) Pineapple 1,20,000 91.9 (1,39,000) (100) Jackfruit 300 81.1 (447) (48.8) Passion fruit 570 74 Figures in parenthesis are for the year before
  • 22. Performance of intercrops with pineapple Intercrop Productivity(kg/ha) Current yr. previous yr. Arhar(Cajanus cajan) 1,450 665 Ricebean(Vigna umbellate) 1,635 - Groundnut (Arachis hypogae)1,055 678 Soybean(Glycine max) 683 -
  • 23. Pineapple intercropped with ground nuts and pigeon pea
  • 24. Pineapple – ginger and Pineapple – soybean intercropping in old tree systems, Manipur
  • 25. Kairenbikhok Awang hill in Saram hill range, Thoubal Dist. (Manipur), then
  • 26. Kairenbikhok Awang hill in Saram hill range, Thoubal Dist. (Manipur), Now
  • 29. Salamjee, Bhutan Birds eye view now
  • 31. Locally fabricated equipment for measuring soil erosion
  • 32. Soil erosion loss under different land uses Land use Soil erosion loss Mild slope Steep slope up to 30 % > 30 % Jhum (Traditional) 140 t/ha/year 170 t/ha/year Agroforestry 15 t/ha/year 27 t/ha/year (Adopted)
  • 33. Key results so far 1. Area covered by the adopted technologies is increasing 2. Productivity of introduced crops is increasing 3. Farm level biodiversity is increasing 4. Cropping intensity is increasing 5. Soil losses are decreasing 6. System is providing regular income; seasonal, yearly, after two years and so on 7. Farm income is increasing with the progress of time 8. Employment opportunities are increasing The introduced agro-horti-silvi culture system as chosen and modified by the farmers is increasingly contributing to the livelihoods of these farmers
  • 34. Problems faced in the implementation of the project 1. Lack of seedlings and quality planting material of desired species. 2. Farmer’s new interventions making the comparison difficult.
  • 35. Lessons learnt • Land degradation issues can better addressed through community-based approach • Manageable group size is between 20-25 HH • A start up fund support is a must • Capacity building should be the integral component • Committed leadership required (to start and to take it further) • HH be in dire need for implementing SLM
  • 36. Lessons learnt • Farmers wanted a high level of biodiversity at the farm level and were interested in mixed planting rather than pure crop block planting (minimizing risk from failure • Joint planning with multi-stakeholders made the implementation easy • Providing support for weakest input (seedlings) was essential for accelerating the technology adoption • The participation of entire village community was a key to the success of the project, e.g. protecting from stray cattle and stealing, etc.