The document discusses the history of women's participation in sports from the 1800s to present. It notes that in the 1800s, women were discouraged from physical activity and viewed as purely reproductive. Over time, women fought for increased participation rights and recognition of their athletic achievements. However, they continue to face challenges such as sexism, unequal treatment, and pressures that can contribute to the female triad of disordered eating, osteoporosis, and amenorrhea.

1. Fatima Sultani, Sasen Efrem, Dimple Patel, Fahmeda Ahmed

2. The role of Women in sport is heavily affected
by the sexist views of men .

3. What is sexism?
 sex·ism [sek-siz-uhm]
 noun
 Prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically
against women, on the basis of sex1
1- "sexism". Oxford Dictionaries Pro. April 2010. Oxford Dictionaries Pro. April 2010. Oxford University Press. 4
December 2011 <http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sexism>.

4. During the 1800’s the role of women was
purely reproductive. They were heavily
discouraged to participate in physical
activity.
Bloomers allowed them to
participate in bike
riding, without showing
much skin, but they were
ridiculed immensely.
1800’s (1849)

5. During the 1920’s women, such as
Nellie McClung fought to be
considered “persons” and for the
right to vote.
Fanny Rosenfeld is one of
Canada’s best athletes, placing
second in the Amsterdam
Olympics for the 800 yard race
1920’s (1928)

6. Marilyn Bell is the
first person to
swim across Lake
Ontario after
20hrs and 57
minutes. She is
one of the few
women to receive
1950’s (1954) national attention.
1952 Beauty Parade magazine
stereotyping woman drivers.

7. Equal Pay Act of 1963 allowed American women
to get the same amount of pay for the same job
as a man.
Abby Hoffman became a world-class
middle-distance runner and brought
home 2 gold metals for Olympic 880-
yard event.
1960’s (1963)
“Title IX:"No person in the United States shall, on
the basis of gender, be excluded from participation
in… education program or activity receiving Federal
financial assistance”

8. Roberta Gibb battled tremendous sexism while
running the Boston Marathon in 1966. She was
untrained but still finished in 3:20.
It was not until
the Summer
Games of 1980
1980’s (1984) that women
were allowed
to participate
in marathons.

9. Women's best times have improved by an annual average of more than
2 minutes and 47 seconds compared with just 66 seconds for men.
1990’s (1999)

10. Badminton World Federation’s
Vision:
 To be the world's best racquet sport in terms of
administration, TV and spectator appeal and as a
sport for people of all ages, skill level and cultural
backgrounds.
http://www.bwfbadminton.org/page.aspx?id=14873
 The website (above) is used to show how many
female members are part of this organisation
 Man make up most of this sport governing body(
there are only two females in this corporation)
 Badminton receives low TV ratings

11.  Women are still “allowed to wear shorts of
long pants for religious reasons [but] must be
worn under a skirt” (article)
 BWF(Badminton World Foundation) is
accused of using skin and leg to sell the sport
badminton to gain more TV ratings
This picture is used to show
what they council wants the
uniform to be and what they
are banning.

12. How Females are portrayed compared to men
 A study was conducted by Margaret Carlisle
Duncan, Michael Messner, Linda Williams and
Kerry Jensen
 Commentators referred to men’s sports events
as “the final four” and “the NCAA National
Championship Game”.
 women’s sports events were referred to as
“women’s final four” and “NCAA women’s
national Championship game”

13.  Women were called “girls” “ young ladies”
 Men however were never called “boys” they
were called “men”
 commentators referred to women by their first
names in tennis, however most men, with the
exception of men with color, were called out by
their first and last name.
 For women words like “frustrated, panicked
and vulnerable” were used. However for men
words such as “big, strong, brilliant” were used

14.  males “crash through" the defense, while woman
would be "moving against" the defense
 When a female missed a shot it would be because
of lack of stamina or confidence. However when
a male missed a shot it was because the
opponent was talented

15. Coed teams
 in basketball women get 2 points per basket
when men get only one.
 hardly anyone complaints about the
differences between how men and women are
treated in sports.
 For example Massachusetts youth soccer
league put up a warning on the online
registration that read “Note: If you are
attempting to register a daughter, please be
aware that Newton Youth Soccer is co-ed, but
primarily boys”

16.  Michaela Hutchison was the first girl in us to
win state high school wrestling title over boys.
 Germaine de Randamie was a kick boxer who
knocked out tom Wales
 Pamela Reed was a female who ran 300 miles
without sleep. Dean Karnazes was a male who
attempted to do it twice but failed.
 Billie Jean King wanted to become a baseball
player but instead became a tennis player. Who
won against Bobby Rigs, former world
champion.
 Katie Brownell played baseball. She struck out
18 batters, all of them boys.

17. How does this affect women?
 The sexist views of men affect the quality and
success of females in sport
 Support and interest of others is needed in
order for them to succeed and as a result not
many talents are produced because of the lack
of interest in women sport
 Women are discouraged by the views of men

18. A Female Athlete Image

20. The Female Triad
 A syndrome which includes disordered eating
habits, osteoporosis and amenorrhea
 Women have a drive to excel(weight goals)
 To reach the weight goals, women look upon
eating disorders which eventually lead to
other parts of the triad
 Also related to the social and cultural
pressures on females in society

21. Disordered Eating
 Eating disorders occur when the individual is
afraid of gaining weight that any way of
avoiding weight gain becomes acceptable
 There are different kinds of eating disorders
Examples: Anorexia nervosa, bulimia
nervosa, and restrictions of different foods,
particularly carbohydrates and fats
 Psychological factors also lead to eating
disorders

22. Amenorrhea
 Absence of regular menstrual periods
 Occurs when woman is underweight, body fat
is too low, not enough nutrients being
consumed or over exercise
 Female body should never be below 12
percent body fat
 Often serious effects on bone density and
calcium absorption
 Easily risk fractures and osteoporosis

23. Osteoporosis
- It is a bone disease which often occurring in
poor menopausal women
- Women with this disease can break bones
easily but healing process is slow
- Lack of calcium
- Symptoms include:
Fatigue, anemia, abdominal pain, etc.
- Athletes have a higher chance of breaking
bones