This document provides an overview of how the internet works. It begins with definitions of the internet and a brief history of its development. It then explains key concepts like client-server architecture, IP addressing, domains, and how data is routed across networks. Examples are given of common internet applications like the world wide web, email, and file transfer. It concludes by noting how the internet has changed modern communication and commerce.

1. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS?
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Aditya Achanta
Harish
Lakshmi
Bhargavi
Phanisree
Shiva

2. Agenda
What is Internet?
Conclusion
How the Internet works ?
Client/Server Architecture and Examples
The Internet --- > Then and Now
Major Features of Internet
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3. What is Internet?
Conclusion
How the Internet works ?
Client/Server Architecture and Examples
The Internet --- > Then and Now
Major Features of Internet
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4. • Interweb is a mixture of Internet and World Wide Web typically used sarcastically to parody a technically
unsavvy user.
• “Is a network of the interlinked computer networking worldwide, which is accessible to the general public.
These interconnected computers work by transmitting data through a special type of packet switching
which is known as the IP or the internet protocol.”
Internet in simple terms

5. What is Internet?
Conclusion
How the Internet works ?
Client/Server Architecture and Examples
The Internet --- > Then and Now
Deciphering Alphabet Soup
Major Features of Internet
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6. • The history of the Internet began with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s.
• The public was first introduced to the concepts that would lead to the Internet when a message
was sent over the ARPANet from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory
at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
• In 1982, the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) was standardized, and consequently, the concept
of a world-wide network of interconnected TCP/IP networks, called the Internet, was
introduced.
History of Internet
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7. NETWORKS THAT LED TO INTERNET
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8. • ON JANUARY 1, 1983, KNOWN AS FLAG DAY, TCP/IP PROTOCOLS BECAME THE ONLY
APPROVED PROTOCOL ON THE ARPANET, REPLACING THE EARLIER PROTOCOLS.
creating the internet
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9. What is Internet?
Conclusion
How the Internet works ?
Client/Server Architecture and Examples
The Internet --- > Then and Now
Deciphering Alphabet Soup
Major Features of Internet
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10. TERMS RELATED TO INTERNET
• Domains and Sub domains
• TCP/IP
• Addressing schemes
• Routing traffic across the Internet
How the Internet works ?
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11. • Most Internet hosts or servers have a Domain Name System (DNS)
address, which uses words.
• A domain name identifies the type of institution that owns the
computer. An Internet server owned by IBM might have the
domain name ibm.com.
• Some enterprises have multiple servers, and identify them with sub
domains, such as ibm.com/products
Domains and Sub domains
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13. • Every computer and network on the Internet uses the same
protocols (rules and procedures) to control timing and data
format.
• The protocol used by the Internet is the Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol, or TCP/IP.
How the Internet Works – TCP/IP
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14. Internet Service Provider
If you connect to the Internet through an
Internet Service Provider (ISP), you are
usually assigned a temporary IP address for
the duration of your dial-in session. If you
connect to the Internet from a local area
network (LAN) your computer might have a
permanent IP address or it might obtain a
temporary one from a DHCP (Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol) server. In any case, if
you are connected to the Internet, your
computer has a unique IP address.
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15. •Every computer on the Internet has a unique numeric
identifier, called an Internet Protocol (IP) address.
•Each IP address has four parts – each part a number
Internet addresses are in the
form nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn where nnn must be a
number from 0 - 255. This address is known as
an IP address. (IP stands for Internet Protocol).
An IP address might look like this: 205.46.117.104.
ADDREDSSING SCHEMES
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16. • Most computers don't connect directly to the Internet. Instead,
they connect to a smaller network that is connected to the Internet
backbone.
• The Internet includes thousands of host computers (servers), which
provide data and services as requested by client systems.
• When you use the Internet, your PC (a client) requests data from a
host system. The request and data are broken into packets and
travel across multiple networks before being reassembled at their
destination.
Routing Traffic across the Internet
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17. Protocol Layer Comments
Application Protocols Layer Protocols specific to applications such as WWW, e-
mail, FTP, etc.
Transmission Control
Protocol Layer
TCP directs packets to a specific application on a computer
using a port number.
Internet Protocol
Layer
IP directs packets to a specific computer using an IP address.
Hardware Layer Converts binary packet data to network signals and back.
(E.g. Ethernet network card, modem for phone lines, etc.)

18. What is Internet?
Conclusion
How the Internet works ?
Client/Server Architecture and Examples
The Internet --- > Then and Now
Major Features of Internet
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19. • One server computer usually run several server programs, each of
which can service multiple client programs simultaneously.
Server program: program without a user interface running on a
“large” computer with access to many resources (also called the
server computer)
Client program: a program with extensive interface capabilities
but few resources running on a “small” computer (also called the
client computer)
Client Server Architecture
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20. We want to view the main web page from www.shu.edu
Server computer: www.shu.edu
Client computer: 192.168.1.2
Server program: web server program (httpd) running on
www.shu.edu with access to lots of stored web pages
Client program: Internet Explorer or Firefox with extensive
formatting and display capabilities but no data to display
Client Server Example (1)
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21. • Packets of information flow between machines governed by
common rules (protocols) namely INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP) AND
TRANSPORT CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP).
• Internet is a packet-switching network
– Messages are decomposed into packets, containing part of the
message, plus information on the sending and receiving
machines and how the packet relates to the other packets
– Packets travel independently and possibly on different routes
through the Internet
– Packets are reassembled into the message at the receiving
machine
The Operation of the Internet
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23. What is Internet?
Conclusion
How the Internet works ?
Client/Server Architecture and Examples
The Internet --- > Then and Now
Deciphering Alphabet Soup
Major Features of Internet
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24. • The World Wide Web (www)
• E-mail
• News
• File Transfer Protocol
• Internet Relay Chat
Major Features of the Internet
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25. • The World Wide Web is a part of the Internet, which supports
hypertext documents, allowing users to view and navigate different
types of data.
• A Web page is a document encoded with hypertext markup
language (HTML) tags.
• HTML allows designers to link content together via hyperlinks.
• Every Web page has an address, a Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
WWW- WORLD WIDE WEB
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26. This address is for an
Internet server that uses
The hypertext transfer protocol.
This address is for an
Internet server that uses
The hypertext transfer protocol.
This site belongs to a
company named Glencoe.
This site belongs to a
company named Glencoe.
This site is on the part
of the Internet known
as the World Wide Web.
This site is on the part
of the Internet known
as the World Wide Web.
To find the specific Web pages
that accompany this book, your
browser follows the URL’s path
to a folder named “norton,” then
to a subfolder named “online.”
To find the specific Web pages
that accompany this book, your
browser follows the URL’s path
to a folder named “norton,” then
to a subfolder named “online.”
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27. • Internet has become the most common media of interacting with the rest of the world.
• The Internet has positively changed the face of modern day communication and
commerce.
• Nowadays people of the world use the internet broadly. Invention of the internet has
had many different effects in many various aspects of the human life.
INTENET IS AN INSTRUMENT
Conclusion

28. STATISTICS OF THE USAGE OF INTERNET
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29. Thank you

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