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2. Introduction to
MATLAB

3. BACKGROUND
 MATLAB, which stands for MATrix LABoratory, is a
software package developed by MathWorks.
 This software package was used initially for numerical
computations as well as some symbolic manipulation.
 The collection of programs (primarily in Fortran) that
eventually became MATLAB were developed in the late
1970s by Cleve Moler, who used them in a numerical
analysis course he was teaching at the University of New
Mexico.
 Jack Little and Steve Bangert later reprogrammed these
routines in C, and added M-files, toolboxes, and more
powerful graphics (original versions created plots by
printing asterisks on the screen).
 Moler, Little, and Bangert founded MathWorks in
California in 1984.
 If we get a job in a particular field of engineering
, university or industry we will mostly used specialized
software.

4. Why MATLAB ?
 Ease of Use
 User Friendly
 Platform Independence
 Predefined Functions
 Device-Independent Plotting
 Graphical User interface
 MATLAB Compiler
Why not MATLAB
 Has some drawbacks:
 Slow for some kinds of processes
 Cost effective

5. Introduction
 What Is MATLAB?
 MATLAB (MATrix LABoratory)
 Flexibility to solve a large number of
problems
 High-level technical computing
language and interactive environment
 high-performance language for technical
computing
 Good Tool for visualization
 Computation and programming is an
easy-to-use environment
 Has computational and graphical tools
 Handles real and complex
scalars, vectors and matrices
 Script Language is relatively easy to learn

6. Introduction
 Typical uses include:
 Simple calculation
 Plotting and analyzing mathematical
relationships (2D and 3D)
 List and Matrix operations
 Writing script files (a type of Programming)
 Symbolic manipulation of Equations
 Mathematical Computations
 Algorithm development
 Modelling, simulation, and prototyping
 Data analysis, exploration, and visualization
 Scientific and engineering graphics
 Application development, including Graphical User
Interface building

7. MATLAB Worldwide
 Aerospace and Defense
 Automotive
 Biotech, Medical, and
Pharmaceutical
 Chemical and Petroleum
 Communications
 Computers and Office Equipment
 Education
 Electronics and Semiconductor
 Financial Services
 Industrial Equipment and
Machinery
 Instrumentation
 Utilities and Energy

8. Introduction to some basic
matrix operators and
other tools
• Some important matrix operations
• Introduction to some operators
• Introduction to M-file editor
• Editing and debugging M-files
• Basic plotting functions
• Creating plot
• Editing plot
8

9. Basic Matlab Operations
 >> % This is a comment, it starts with a “%”
 >> y = 5*3 + 2^2; % simple arithmetic
 >> x = [1 2 4 5 6]; % create the vector “x”
 >> x1 = x.^2; % square each element in x
 >> E = sum(abs(x).^2); % Calculate signal energy
 >> P = E/length(x); % Calculate av signal power
 >> x2 = x(1:3); % Select first 3 elements in x

10. 2D & 3D
Graphics

11. Introduction
 The MATLAB environment provides a wide variety of
techniques to display data graphically.
 Interactive tools enable you to manipulate graphs to
achieve results that reveal the most information about your
data.
 You can also annotate and print graphs for
presentations, or export graphs to standard graphics
formats for presentation in Web browsers or other media.
11

12. Creating a Graph
 The type of graph you choose to create depends on the nature of
your data and what you want to reveal about the data.
 You can choose from many predefined graph types, such as
line, bar, histogram, and pie graphs as well as 3-D graphs, such
as surfaces, slice planes, and streamlines.
 There are two basic ways to create MATLAB graphs:
 Use the command interface to enter commands in the
Command Window or create
 plotting programs.
Use plotting tools to create graphs interactively.

13. 2d graphs
Types of MATLAB Plots 2D

14. 3d Graphs
Types of MATLAB Plots 3D

15. NASA ELECTRON BEAM WELDER

19. Matlab Simulink

20. Simulink
Introduction
 Simulink software models, simulates, and analyzes
dynamic systems.
 It enables us to pose a question about a system, model
the system, and see what happens.
 With Simulink, we can easily build models from
scratch, or modify existing models to meet your needs.
 Simulink supports linear and nonlinear
systems, modeled in continuous time, sampled time, or a
hybrid of the two.
 Systems can also be multirate having different parts that
are sampled or updated at different rates.

21. Simulink
 Thousands of scientists and engineers around the world use
Simulink to model and solve real problems in a variety of
industries, including:
 Aerospace and Defense
 Automotive
 Communications
 Electronics and Signal Processing
 Medical Instrumentation

22. Starting and Running
Simulink
 Type the following at the Matlab
command prompt
 >> simulink
 The Simulink library should appear
 Click File-New to create a new
workspace, and drag and drop objects
from the library onto the workspace.
 Selecting Simulation-Start from the
pull down menu will run the dynamic
simulation. Click on the blocks to
view the data or alter the run-time
parameters

23. Signals and Systems in
Simulink
 Two main sets of libraries for building
simple simulations in Simulink:
• Signals: Sources and Sinks
• Systems: Continuous and Discrete

24. Basic Simulink Example
 Copy “sine wave” source and “scope”
sink onto a new Simulink work space
and connect.
 Set sine wave parameters modify to 2
rad/sec
 Run the simulation:
 Simulation - Start
 Open the scope and leave open while
you change parameters (sin or
simulation parameters) and re-run
 Many other Simulink demos …

25. Modeling Jaguar

28. Communication
Toolbox

29. Presentation
Outline
 Section Overview
 Expected background from the Users
 Studying Components of the Communication System
 BER : As performance evaluation Technique
 Scatter Plot
 Simulating a Communication Link….Examples
 BERTool : A Bit Error Rate GUI

30. Studying Components of
Communication system
We will See for two Types:
 Analog Communications
 Digital Communications

31. Analog Communication
System
Signal De-
Modulation
Source Modulation
This may be any analog signal such as Sine
wave, Cosine Wave, Triangle Wave………………..

32. Analog
Modulation/Demodulation
Functions
ammod Amplitude modulation
amdemod Amplitude demodulation
fmmod Frequency modulation
fmdemod Frequency demodulation
pmmod Phase modulation
pmdemod Phase demodulation
ssbmod Single sideband amplitude Mod
ssbdemod Single sideband amplitude DeMod

33. Image Processing
Toolbox

34. Images in MATLAB
• Binary images :{0,1}
• Intensity images : [0,1] or uint8, double etc.
• RGB images : m-by-n-by-3
• Indexed images : m-by-3 color map

35. Images and Matrices
 Accesing image elements
X
(row, column)
>> A(2,1)
ans = 4 Y
 : can be used to extract a whole
column or row
>> A(:,2)
ans =2
A=
5
1 2 3
8 4 5 6
 or a part of a column or row 7 8 9
>> A(1:2,2)
ans =2

36. Flow Control
 Flow control in MATLAB
- for loops
for row=1:3
for col=1:3
if row==col
A(row, col)=1; A=
elseif abs(row-col)==1
A(row, col)=2; 1 2 0
2 1 2
else
0 2 1
A(row, col)=0;
end
end
end

37. THANK YOU