![Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Empfohlen
Weitere ähnliche Inhalte
Was ist angesagt?
Was ist angesagt? (20)
Andere mochten auch
Andere mochten auch (20)
Ähnlich wie Forest ecology 2011 armn
Ähnlich wie Forest ecology 2011 armn (20)
Kürzlich hochgeladen
Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)
Forest ecology 2011 armn
- 1. Forest Ecology Arlington Regional Master Naturalists Basic Training Course Spring 2011 Jim McGlone Urban Forest Conservationist Virginia Department of Forestry
- 3. How a Tree Grows
- 4. What is a tree? How is a tree different from a perennial herbaceous plant? How is a tree different from a vine? How is a tree different from a shrub?
- 5. Basic Plant Cell Cell Walls - made of cellulose and lignin Central Vacuoles - stores water and gives rigidity Plasmoderma - connects cytoplasm Chloroplasts - conducts photosynthesis
- 6. Plant Cell Wall Middle Lamella – shared with other cells, lignin and pectin, gives compressive strength Primary cell wall – oriented cellulose fiber, gives tensile strength Plasma membrane – same as animal cell membrane
- 15. Climate Average Temperature Date of First/Last Frost Average & Timing of Rainfall Soil weathering
- 16. Climate Zones in Virginia
- 18. Soil Types Moisture Nutrients
- 19. Soil Types
- 20. Soil Type
- 21. Soil Type
- 22. Soil Nutrients
- 23. Topography
- 25. Northern Virginia Geology
- 26. Forest Habitats
- 29. Forest Layers
- 30. Habitat
- 32. Edge
- 33. Forest Ecology
- 34. Energy Flows
- 41. Natural Communities are like Bus Stations Seed Dispersal
- 43. Competition Tolerance Tolerance Time
- 45. Bio-diversity Bio-diversity Time Most plants are between intolerant pioneer species and tolerant climax species. Climax v. Old Growth
- 55. Urban Trees
- 56. Threats to the Forest
- 64. 2010
- 65. 2010
- 67. Recommended Reading Forests in Peril , Delcourt, 2002 McNaughton & Gunn 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus, Charles C. Mann Collapse , Jared Diamond Positive Impact Forestry, Thom J. McEvoy, Island Press, 2004 Bringing Nature Home , Douglas Tallamy, Timber Press, 2007 Teaming With Microbes , Jeff Lowenfels and Wayne Lewis, Timber Press, 2010 (Revised)
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Plant cells are similar to animal cells except that they have cell walls, central vacuoles, and plasmoderma. Some also have chloroplasts.
- Soils have a big effect on forest types, but climate also plays a role
- Fairfax has three main geologic areas: Coastal plain is mixed hardwood and acidic oak-hickory types Upland piedmont is mostly acidic oak-hickory Triassic basin is basic oak-hickory
- Healthy forests are vertically complex
- Animals use different layers of the forest
- Dead trees are also part of a healthy forest. Layers again.
- An old field will usually progress from bare soil to annuals to perennials to shrubs and eastern red cedar and/or Virginia pine to oak-hickory to maple-beech. Different animals use different stages.
- Most forest ecosystems are detritus systems rather than grazing systems. This means energy flows from producers to consumers mainly through dead tissues.
- Notice 90% reduction in biomass/energy at each level.
- Maple, ash, poplar seeds – have wings Black gum, hackberry, service berry have pulpy fruit that birds and animals eat Acorns and hickory nuts rely on forgotten storage.
- Species that are intolerant of highly competitive low light conditions are incapable of reproducing, establishing, growing, and maintaining themselves under their own canopies.
- Disturbances: Fire Wind Ice Man
- Along successional path there are some stable plant matrices that can be maintained by appropriate disturbance regimes. Meadow, oak-hickory, and loblolly pine forests can be maintained by fire.
- By using appropriate harvest practices we can manage successional clock to maintain resource values we want. Some harvest is useful for maintaining mosaic landscape favored by wildlife and increasing diversity.
- Regeneration harvest creates large early successional blocks with high diversity because it will contain meadow and forest species for a time. Seed tree does the same as regeneration but maintains a few mature trees Shelter wood is more forested, lower diversity but good for maintaining oaks Group select will create small meadows within mature forest. Select cut creates room to grow.
- Two year old clear cut One year old and five year old shelter woods
- When planting trees plant the right tree in the right place. Does it have room to grow canopy and roots without compromising infrastructure. Generally when a tree conflict with human construct, the tree loses.