4. Detonation Test
in WW II
1. E.B. Wilson, The analysis of experimental data,
An Introduction to Scientific Research, McGraw-
Hill, New York (1952)
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosive_material
5. Detonation Test
• Factors of Explosion
• Chemical composition;
• Initiator;
• Shape of explosive shell;
• Material of explosive shell;
• ………………
7. Detonation Test
Cylinder Expansion Test: An Simplified Model
• Standard amount of explosive is loaded
into a long hollow cylinder;
• Detonated at one end;
• Data is collected concerning the rate of
radial expansion of the cylinder wall;
11. Experiment on
Scurvy
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Design_of_experiments
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scurvy
3. James Lind (1716-94) of Edinburgh and the
treatment of scurvy, Arch Dis Child Fetal
Neonatal Ed 1997;76:F64-F65
12. Experiment on Scurvy
• Scurvy was at one time common among
sailors due to lacking of fresh vegetables &
fruits;
• Described by Hippocrates (460 BC–380
BC), and partially cured by herbal in many
native cultures;
• Killing large numbers of the passengers and
crew on long-distance voyages.
13. Experiment on Scurvy
• James Lind carried out a controlled
experiment to develop a cure for scurvy.
- 12 men selected, all suffering from scurvy;
- Divided into six pairs, giving different
additions to their basic diet for a period
of two weeks;
15. Experiment on Scurvy
Pair Additional Food
1 A quart of cider
2 Drops of Sulfuric Acid
3 1.5 pint of seawater
4 Garlic, mustard, horseradish
5 Spoons of Vinegar
6 Oranges and Lemons
16. Experiment on Scurvy
Pair Additional Food
1 A quart of cider
2 Drops of Sulfuric Acid
3 1.5 pint of seawater
4 Garlic, mustard, horseradish
5 Spoons of Vinegar
6 Oranges and Lemons
17. Experiment on Scurvy
Pair Additional Food
1 A quart of cider
2 Drops of Sulfuric Acid
3 1.5 pint of seawater
4 Garlic, mustard, horseradish
5 Spoons of Vinegar
6 Oranges and Lemons
18. Experiment on Scurvy
Pair Additional Food
1 A quart of cider
2 Drops of Sulfuric Acid
3 1.5 pint of seawater
4 Garlic, mustard, horseradish
5 Spoons of Vinegar
6 Oranges and Lemons
19. Experiment on Scurvy
Pair Additional Food
1 A quart of cider
2 Drops of Sulfuric Acid
3 1.5 pint of seawater
4 Garlic, mustard, horseradish
5 Spoons of Vinegar
6 Oranges and Lemons
20. Experiment on Scurvy
Pair Additional Food
1 A quart of cider
2 Drops of Sulfuric Acid
3 1.5 pint of seawater
4 Garlic, mustard, horseradish
5 Spoons of Vinegar
6 Oranges and Lemons
21. Experiment on Scurvy
Pair Additional Food
1 A quart of cider
2 Drops of Sulfuric Acid
3 1.5 pint of seawater
4 Garlic, mustard, horseradish
5 Spoons of Vinegar
6 Oranges and Lemons
22. Experiment on Scurvy
Pair Additional Food
1 A quart of cider No comparable improvement
2 Drops of Sulfuric Acid No comparable improvement
3 1.5 pint of seawater No comparable improvement
4 Garlic, mustard, horseradish No comparable improvement
5 Spoons of Vinegar No comparable improvement
6 Oranges and Lemons Recovered within week
23. Scurvy Experiment
• Conclusion: Scurvy could be cured by Citrus
fruits;
• Mechanism: resulting from a deficiency of
vitamin C, which is required for the synthesis
of collagen in humans.
25. Scurvy Experiment
• He fed patients with H SO , seawater: lacking
2 4
of proper knowledge;
• Additional foods are pre-assigned to patients:
missing randomized allocation of subjects to
treatments.
26. Controlled
Experimentation
• Compare experimental sample against
controlled sample;
• Controlled sample is identical to
experimental sample except the variable
need to be tested (independent variable);