1. People, Religion and vocabulary for the Benchmark:
People:
Hammurabi-Babylonians- earliest know written law
Justinian-Emp. Justinian collected all existing Roman laws
Copernicus-Believed the Earth orbited the Sun
Galileo-his observations confirmed Copernicus’ theory
Adam Smith-wrote “Wealth of Nations”—free market economic system
Karl Marx-wrote “Communist Manifesto”-developed communism
Adolf Hitler-leader of the Nazi Party in Germany during WWII
Religions:
Judaism- 1st religion to believe in one God—holy book Torah
Christianity-Religion based o the teaching of Jesus Christ- son of God, holy book-Bible
Islam-Religion founded by Mohammed- holy book-Koran, Quran
Hinduism-Religion in India-believed in many gods, reincarnation, caste system, Karma
Confucianism- belief system, established by Confucius , emphasized traditional values,
obedience and order
Sikhism-combining both Islam and Hindu-belief in one God—all equal in Gods eye
Vocabulary:
Separation of Power: a principle of the Constitution that states power should be divided
between 3 branches of government
Popular Sovereignty: a principle of the Constitution that states the people rule by voting

2. Limited monarchy: kings with a legislature to share power
Absolute monarchy-King Louis XIV-total power of the King
Oligarchy: ruled by a few
The Columbian Exchange: when the 2 worlds- America and Europe- exchanged goods,
ideas, and diseases—
Renaissance- the rebirth of Europe, the era after the Middle Ages
Centralized Power—political power nearest to the people
Industrial Revolution: when people started to make things by machine instead of hand
Mercantilism: the ideas that nations power depends on its wealth-colonies = raw
materials=$$$
Free Enterprise: Private property-ownership of business-keep profits
Imperialism: when large take over smaller countries for political, social and economic
reasons.
Fascism: a form of totalitarian government, glories nation, one ruler, extreme
nationalism
Socialism: government takes over business, regulates workers, protects workers
Democratic Republic: when the people vote for elected officials