UT440 Engineers in Society Slides For Introduction to Safety and Health

1. EUT440
ENGINEERS IN SOCIETY
• NUMBER OF UNIT: 2 (2+0)
• COURSE TYPE: CORE
WEEK 6 26 MARCH 2013
GROUP B
DK5
• Knowledge Sincerity Excellence

2. INSTRUCTORS
2 GROUPS (GROUP A AND GROUP B)
GROUP B:
1. Ir Muhammad Arkam bin Che Munaaim; SUBJECT MATTER: SAFETY & HEALTH;
ETHICS & PROFESSION
Office: PPK Alam Sekitar
2. Ibni Hajar bin Haji Rukunudin (Ph.D, P. Eng, MIEM, ASABE)
SUBJECT MATTER: SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK PLACE
Office: PPK Bioprocess
Hours: MON 11:00am – 1:00 pm
Email: ibnihajar@unimap.edu.my; Hp: +60192829878
3. PM Ir. Shuib Shahudin; SUBJECT MATTER: ETHICS AND ENGINEERING
PROFESSION
Office: UNIKA
4. Datin Faezah bt Tan Sri Hassan; SUBJECT MATTER: LAW
Knowledge Sincerity Excellence

3. EUT440
ENGINEERS IN SOCIETY
ANNOUNCEMENT ON
ASSIGNMENT (GROUP)
• Knowledge Sincerity Excellence

4. Why Managing Safety and Health?
Since the days of the Industrial
Revolution, when most factories were
death-traps for the workers, legislation
has steadily improved health and safety
at work.
Applying our normal principle that
prevention is better than cure.
http://www.ehcareers.org/about/specialist_environmental_protection.html

5. SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM – WHY?
It is one of the general duties as
prescribed under the Occupational Safety
and Health Act 1994 (Act 514) for the
employer to provide a safe workplaces to
their employees and other related
person. ……. OSH ACT

6. WHAT IS SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM
A workplace safety and health program is a
systematic plan to identify and control
hazards and respond to emergencies. The
program lays out responsibilities, resources,
and procedures for keeping the workplace
safe and healthy. Its objective is to integrate
safety and health into all work practices and
conditions.

7. OSHA 1994 Requirement
For all industries
􀂄If >5 Employees -Safety & Health Policy
􀂄≥40 Employees (S30) -Safety & Health Policy + Safety &
Health Committee
For high risk industries (i.e. construction, ship building, gas etc.)
􀂄>100 Employees -Safety & Health Policy + Safety &
(Order 1997) Health Committee + a Certified
Safety & Health Officer
For low risk industries (other than the above mentioned industries)
􀂄>500 Employees -Safety & Health Policy + Safety &
(Order 1997) Health Committee + a Certified Safety
& Health Officer

8. SCOPE
SAFETY AND HEALTH
• Knowledge Sincerity Excellence

9. HAZARDS ID WHAT IS OSH
WHY OSH - BENEFITS
CLASSIFY HAZARDS
CONSEQUENT OF HAZARDS- WHAT CONSTITUTE OSH
HEALTH
ROUTES
DIFFERENTIATE HEALTH &
FACTORS/EFFECT CONTROL - BREIFLY SAFETY
LEGAL
QUALITATIVE RISK MANAGEMENT AND IMPLICATION
MORAL & ETHIC
SAFETY – scope of the course
FINANCIAL
RISK ASSESSMENT
SAFETY CULTURE
COSTS
QUANTITATIVE
ACTS HIRARC - TOOL
STEPS IN HIRARC
OSH 1994
RISK CONTROL RISK MONITORING
FAC & MACH 1967
ELIMINATION ENGINEERING
MINIMIZATION ADMINSTRATIVE

10. Managing Safety and Health – important because:
• Moral and Ethical Issues
-Respect Human Resources - morale, commitment, image
-Respect their family – pride,
• Legal Issues
-Claims for compensation
-Disruption during the legal process
• Financial Issues is not a JUST legal and moral obligation; it also
makes good business sense!!!!!.
-Increase of Insurance Premium
-Direct Cost
-Indirect Cost

11. FACTORIES ACT 1967
THE ACTS - two most important
OSHA ACT 1994

12. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER OSHA 1994
Do you know that it is the duty of our EMPLOYER under the
Occupational Safety and Health Act 0f 1994 to:
a) Ensure our safety, health and welfare at our workplace by:
•the provision and maintenance of plant and systems of work that are
safe and without risks to health;
•making of arrangements for ensuring safety and absence of risks to
health in connection with the use or operation, handling, storage and
transport of plant and substances;
•the provision of such information, instruction, training and
supervision as is necessary to ensure the safety and health at work;
•maintaining the workplace in a condition that is safe and without
risks to health and the provision and maintenance of the means of
access to and egress from it that are safe and without such risks;
•the provision and maintenance of a working environment which is
safe, without risks to health and adequate as regards to facilities for
our welfare at work.

13. Penalty For Non Compliance
A fine not exceeding RM50,000 or
Imprisonment not exceeding 2 years
Or both
Other Penalty / Fine
Common Law:
Affected person (employee or public) may
take legal action against the organization
under the Civil Law (Common Law).

14. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER OSHA 1994
b) Formulate safety and health policy:
as often as may be appropriate revise a
written statement of his general policy
with respect to the safety and health at
work;
arrangements for the time being in force
for carrying out the policy;
to bring the statement and any revision
of it to the notice of all of his employees.

15. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER OSHA 1994
g. General duties of manufacturers, etc as
regards plant for use at work.
(1) It shall be the duty of a person who designs, manufactures, imports or
supplies any plant for use at work-
(a) to ensure, so far as is practicable, that the plant is so designed and
constructed as to be safe and without risks to health when properly used;
……..
(2) It shall be the duty of a person who undertakes the design or
manufacturing of any plant for use at work to carry out or arrange for the carry
out of any necessary research with the view to discovery and, so far as
practicable, the elimination or minimization of any risk to safety or health to
which the design or plant may give rise.

16. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER OSHA 1994
Nevertheless, it is our duty as employees to:
a) Take reasonable care for the safety and health of
ourself and of other persons who may be affected by our
acts or omissions at work;
b) Co-operate with our employer or any other person in
the discharge of any duty or requirement imposed on our
employer or that other person by OSHA;
c) Wear or use at all times any protective equipment or
clothing provided by our employer for the purpose of
preventing risks to our safety and health;
d) Comply with any instruction or measure on occupational
safety and health instituted by our employer or any other
person by or under OSHA or any regulations made
thereunder.

17. Penalty for non compliance
 A fine not exceeding RM1,000 or
Imprisonment not exceeding 3
months
Or both

18. FACTORY AND MACHINERY ACT, 1967
Part II. SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE
Provisions relating to safety, etc
10. Without prejudice to any law with
respect to local authorities, in respect
oaf any factory, the following provisions
relating to safety shall apply:
(a) foundation and floor…..
(e) every openings, sump, pit
or fixed vessel in a floor , or working
level shall be securely fenced so as to
prevent risk of persons falling;….

19. FACTORY AND MACHINERY ACT, 1967
Part II. SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE
Lifting of weights
12. No person shall be employed to lift,
carry or move any load so heavy as to
be likely to cause injury to him

20. FACTORY AND MACHINERY ACT, 1967
Part II. SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE
Projecting material
16. In respect to such machinery as may
be prescribed, any part of any material
carried by that machinery while it is
working thereon which projects beyond
any part of the machinery shall be
effectively fenced unless it is in such a
position as to be safe to any person
employed or working on or renting the
premises.

21. PROVISION OF SAFE AND HEALTHY
WORK ENVIRONMENT THAT
ACCIDENTS AND ILLNESS CAN BE
PREVENTED IS A VERY IMPORTANT
ASPECT
IN ENGINEERING PROFESSION
• Knowledge Sincerity Excellence

22. FATALITY
AND ACCIDENTS
IN WORK PLACE
-STATISTICS
• Knowledge Sincerity Excellence

23. RATES OF OCCURRENCE OF OCCUPATIONAL
ACCIDENTS and FATALITY in MALAYSIA
Lies
Accidents per 1,000 workers
Fatalities per 100,000 workers
Frequency Rates of Occurrences of Occupational Accidents and
Fatalities (source: Bahagian Dasar dan Penyelidikan, JKKP)

24. OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS BY SECTOR FOR CATEGORY
OF NPD* UNTIL DECEMBER 2010 (INVESTIGATED)
*NPD – Non-Permanent Disability
• Knowledge Sincerity Excellence

25. OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS BY SECTOR FOR
CATEGORY OF PD* UNTIL DECEMBER 2010
(INVESTIGATED)
*PD – Permanent Disability
• Knowledge Sincerity Excellence

26. OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS BY SECTOR FOR
CATEGORY OF DEATH UNTIL DECEMBER 2010
(INVESTIGATED)
• Knowledge Sincerity Excellence

27. NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX versus
NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL FATALITY OCCURRENCE
RATE
Fatal Accidents /100,000 workers
Competetiveness Index
National Competitiveness Index versus National Occupational Fatality
Occurrence Rate (source: World Economic Forum/ILO Safework, 2004)

28. CHALLENGES OF INDUSTRIAL
ACCIDENTS
• Industrial Accidents is on the decline but
the compensation paid is on the increase
• Accidents are more severe in nature and
have longer medical leave
• Minor accidents are not reported
• Total number of Commuting Accidents
increased by 9%

29. Challenges of Occupational
Diseases
• Reported OD cases for 2009 increased by 85 %
• Total number of OD is expected to increase due to long
latency period, before the disease manifests and individual
susceptibility factor
• New emerging diseases is on the increase
• Medical surveillance is not done according to the
regulations for early intervention and thus disease may
appear later with much more serious complication
• Under reporting phenomena
carpal

30. TECHNICALLY , THE GOAL OF SAFETY
AND HEALTH PROGRAM IN WORK
PLACE IS TO ESTABLISH SAFE WORK
ENVIRONMENT
-AN ENVIRONMENT FREE FROM
HAZARD TO WORKER HEALTH AND
SAFETY
• Knowledge Sincerity Excellence

31. Benefits of Good OSH
• Reduced lost time
• Reduced need to provide cover for personnel
absent from work because of injury
• Reduce sick pay payments
• Reduce need for time-consuming accident
investigation and consequent saving in management
time and production down-time
• Reduced potential for prosecution and other
enforcement action by authorities
• Reduction in the number of claims for
compensation by injured personnel

32. Benefits of Good OSH …continue
• Reduced employer’s liability insurance
premiums
• Improved morals
• Improved image of company, both in terms
of employer and competent contractor
• Knowledge Sincerity Excellence

33. CASE STUDIES
ON
SUCCESSFULL
IMLPEMENTATION OF
HEALTH & SAFETY
PROGRAM
• Knowledge Sincerity Excellence

34. Case study - North Staffordshire Combined Healthcare NHS Trust
The board found itself facing service improvement targets. Using new
corporate and clinical guidance, it set about taking a 'whole systems' approach
to managing corporate risk, giving one of its directors responsibility for the
leadership of health and safety for the first time. Health and safety was also
made a key item on the board agenda.
This has resulted in a much better integrated health and safety management
system that increases the opportunity to identify and manage all corporate
risks, and a much more open culture, improving reporting and monitoring. The
board actively promotes a culture that gives staff the confidence to report
incidents.
This has resulted in:
incidence rates reduced by 16% over two years;
insurance premiums reduced by 10% - financial
implication.

35. Case study - British Sugar
The company had an excellent safety record and had no indication of the
devastating events that were to happen – in one year three deaths occurred.
Although health and safety had always been a business priority, a change in focus
was needed to achieve behavioural change. This included:
the CEO assigning health and safety responsibilities to all directors, and monthly
reports go to the board;
creating effective working partnerships with employees, trade unions and
others;
overseeing a behavioural change programme and audits;
publishing annual health and safety targets, and devising initiatives to meet
them.
Results include:
time lost to injuries reduced by 43% over a two year period;
63% reduction in major issues over the course of a year;
much greater understanding by directors of health and safety risks.

36. Case study – Mid and West Wales Fire
and Rescue Service
To give health and safety a high priority, Mid and West Wales Fire and Rescue Service
recognised that it was critical for its leadership to demonstrate to its staff that
accountability for health and safety was a fundamental element in the success of its
overall service delivery. The director of service policy and planning was nominated as
the health and safety director for the service in order to clearly define the
importance this subject held within the organisation. The director implemented a
revised health and safety framework, which included a programme of fire station
visits to engage the workforce, and placed a renewed emphasis on improving
incident reporting, investigation and monitoring procedures.
The service has reported:
£100,000 reduction in insurance liability premiums in one year through improved
corporate strategic risk management;
50% reduction in sickness absence through work related injury over a two year
period;
50% reduction in injury incidence rate over a three year period.

37. Case study – Sainsbury's
An external health and safety audit identified a need to develop a unified approach,
and also recommended more direction from the board, to develop an effective
strategy.
The result was a radical revision of the company's approach, including:
the group human resources director creating a health and safety vision, supported by
a plan with targets over three years;
training on health and safety responsibilities was introduced for all board directors.
This has resulted in:
the board providing a role model for health and safety behaviour;
17% reduction in sickness absence;
28% reduction in reportable incidents;
improved morale and pride in working for the company;
raising the profile of health and safety so it is becoming embedded in the
culture of the organization.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/leadership/casestudies-success.htm

38. TECHNICALLY , THE GOAL OF SAFETY
AND HEALTH PROGRAM IN WORK
PLACE IS TO ESTABLISH SAFE WORK
ENVIRONMENT
-AN ENVIRONMENT FREE FROM
HAZARD TO WORKER HEALTH AND
SAFETY
• Knowledge Sincerity Excellence

39. Safety and Health ….the terms
• Safety means preventing accidents or
hazards from occuring
i.e Safety  Accident
• Health means a state of complete
psychic, mental and social well being not
merely consist of an absence of disease
i.e Health  Illness
• Knowledge Sincerity Excellence

40. Hazard
HAZARD –condition with the potential of causing:
• Injury
• Diseases
• Damage to equipment or structures
• Loss of material or lessening of the ability to perform
a prescribed function
• Damage to the environment
• Or a combination of the above
- It is something that can cause harm if not
controlled
- the outcome is the harm that results from an
uncontrolled hazard

41. When hazard is present, the
possibility of these adverse effect
(such as injury, diseases, damage
to equipment etc) occuring
exists…. RISK
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42. so….. Safety
Frequently defined as “freedom from hazard”
-NOTE: It is practically impossible to eliminate all
hazards.
-Safety is therefore a matter of relative
protection from exposure to hazards (the
antonym to danger)
• Knowledge Sincerity Excellence

43. What is Accident?
• Unwanted and undesirable
• Unexpected
• Involves a deviation from what was intended, i.e.
a planned safe operation
• Involves injury to people and/or damage to plant
and equipment or materials, including the
finished product - or at least the potential for
injury/damage (an event labeled a ‘near
miss accident’)
• Involves a chain of events, rather than one isolated
event

44. EUT440
ENGINEERS IN SOCIETY
LECT WEEK 7
• RISK MANAGEMENT
- IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS AND
- ROUTE OF ENTRY
• Knowledge Sincerity Excellence