Presented at Computers and Writing 2011 Conference, 21 May 2011

3. TO PARAPHRASE PORTER, 1998: IF YOU LIKE DEFINITE ANSWERS, YOU WON’T LIKE THIS PRESENTATION.

6. “ By visual literacy, then, I will refer to the ability to read, understand, value, and learn from visual materials (still photographs, videos, films, animations, still images, pictures, drawings, graphics)—especially as these are combined to create a text—as well as the ability to create, combine, and use visual elements (e.g., colors, forms, lines, images) and messages for the purposes of communicating.... visual literacy (or literacies), like all literacies, are both historically and culturally situated, constructed, and valued. ” Cindy Selfe

8. “ Rhetorical ethics is procedural , it is case specific , it provides some principles (although it does not trust them very much, as it is sensitive to the mandates of particular situations), and it privileges the specific and the concrete over the general and abstract. For these reasons, and because of its flexibility and adaptability in the face of tough cases, it offers an extremely powerful paradigmatic perspective . ” Jim Porter

25. [Michelle Pfeiffer in Esquire , 1990]

26. Instructions for professional touch-up of photo (bill totaled $1500): “ Clean up complexion, soften eye lines, soften smile line, add colour to lips, trim chin. . . soften line under ear lobe. . . add hair to top of head.”

27. Lisa Marie Presley Jane Magazine cover, September 2003 Total for cover touch-ups and prep: $6500

29. “ Kate Winslet looks sexier than ever—slim, elegant and self-consciously flirty. ”

32. left arm and pants (photo 3) right arm (photo 1) face (photo 2) torso and shirt (digitally created) hair (digitally created) “ It's 100% her.” ( Redbook editor Ellen Kunes)

34. + = 2002 1999 July 2003

37. Unedited pic from photoshoot. Cover of Redbook , July 2007.

56. ORIGINAL Copyright 1970 Valley Daily News ALTERED 1995 Life Magazine

57. Life Magazine responds: The photo we published was supplied to us by our photo library—the Time-Life Picture Collection, the second largest such repository of catalogued images. Amazingly, the fence post had been airbrushed out by someone, now anonymous, in a darkroom sometime in the early 1970s. The picture had run numerous times—without the fencepost, and without anyone taking notice—in Time (Nov. 6, 1972, p. 23), People (May 2, 1977, p. 37), Time (Jan. 7, 1980, p. 45), People (April 30, 1990, p. 117), to name just a few publications.

62. “ She started out a big kitty and she just seemed to keep growing. She always meowed for more food and would climb up on the counter to eat food which I forgot to cover. Chicken is her favorite. Once I left a cooked chicken on the table that I was going to use for a boat picnic, an hour later the chicken was gone” (email text; readership: hundreds of thousands). “ My daughter wanted to send an electronic photo of her cat to her friend. I got a little carried away. When we sent it to her friend, we never dreamed anyone would believe the photo was real” (Cordell Hauglie, Ottawa Citizen, readership: thousands).

75. homepage.mac.com/gapodaca/digital/digital.html

89. “ In taking the perspective of the writer (or rhetor) rhetoric focuses on the issue of the writer’s (and writers’) responsibility toward readers [. . .] What obligations do have as the teacher of a writing class toward members of a class who can be victimized by the electronic speech of others? What obligations do I have as a teacher of writing to encourage members of my class to be responsible, fair, and ethical electronic writers?” Jim Porter

92. THANK YOU!