1. Welcome to
(Program Name)

2. CARDIAC FAILURE
(RIGHT, LEFT OR BOTH)
Definition: Cardiac failure means
inability of the heart to meet the
needs of the tissues.

3. CAUSES OF HEART FAILURE
MYOCARDIAL DYSFUNCTION
 IHD
 HYPERTENSION
 CARDIOMYOPATHY.

4. EXCESSIVELY ELEVATED PRELOAD
(VENOUS RETURN)
VALVULAR REGURGITATION, I.E.
 MITRAL REGURGITATION
 AROTIC REGURGITATION

5. EXCESSIVE AFTER LOAD
AROTIC STENOSIS
HYPERTENSION.

6. OBLIGATORY HIGH OUTPUT
 ANAEMIA
 THYROTOXICOSIS
 PAGETS DISEASE
 AV-SHUNTS
 BERIBERI

7. COMPROMISED VENTRICULAR FILING
 RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY
 CONSTRUCTIVE PERICARDITIS
 PERICARDIAL EFFUSION

8. DISTURBED RHYTHM
 ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
 TACHYCARDIA
 HEART BLOCK

9. FACTORS INVOLVED IN
HEART FAILURE
 VENOUS RETURN
 RESISTANCE COTRCTILITY
 MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTILITY
 SALT AND WATER RETENTION

10. CLASSIFICATION
 HEART FAILURE MAY BE
 LT SIDED
 RT SIDED
 BOTH SIDED

11. LEFT VENTRICULAR FAILURE
 HYPERTENSION
 CORONARY ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
 AORTIC VALVULAR DISEASE
 MITRAL REGURGITATION
 MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
 CARDIOMYOPATHY

12. SYMPTOM
 ORTHOPNOEA DEVELOPS PAROXYSMAL
 DYSPNOEA OF VARIABLE DEGREE
 NOCTURNAL EXTERNAL FATIGUE
 WEAKNESS
 DYSPNOEA
>> P.T.O

13. SYMPTOM
 COUGH WITH EXPECTORATION WHICH
MAY BE FROTHY, WHITE OR PINK
 LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY
 RALES IN BOTH LUNGS
 NOCTURIA
 CYANOSIS

14. RIGHT VENTRICULAR FAILURE
 COR-PULMONALE SECONDARY TO
INTRINSIC LUNG DISEASE
 SECONDARY TO LEFT
VENTRICULAR FAILURE
 MITRAL STENOSIS
 TRICUSPID VALVULAR DISEASE
 EISENMENGER’S SUNDROME

15. BOTH SIDED FAILURE
 HYPERTHYROIDISM
 BERIBERI
 SEVERE ANEMIA

16. Good Luck