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The use of Specks in Gait Analysis
- 1. The Use of Specks in Gait Analysis Smita Sasindran1, Jennifer Walsh2, Alison Richardson2, Jan Herman2, James Hollington2 1 School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh 2 Anderson Gait Laboratory, SMART Centre, Astley Ainslie Hospital, Edinburgh
- 2. Gait Analysis • Brief observation to sophisticated measurement • Patient population • 75% paediatric • Cerebral Palsy • Neurological Disorders • Prosthetics • Treatment Planning • Analysis of intervention
- 3. Clinical Gait Analysis • One of 2 centres in Scotland providing clinical gait analysis • Clinical Gait Analysis – 3D analysis • Vicon 460
- 4. Biomechanical model • Three markers per body segment • Markers on joints define two adjacent segments • Marker placement conducted by physiotherapist • Markers placed on bony prominences and anatomical markers
- 5. Biomechanical model • Modified Helen Hayes model 3D axis system for each segment • Sagittal plane angles - Flexion/extension • Coronal plane angles Abduction/adduction • Transverse plane angles Internal/external rotation
- 8. Three-dimensional gait analysis • Track images from two or more cameras • Points used to reconstruct original 3D trajectories
- 11. Clinical Gait Analysis • Kinematics • Angular displacements in 3 planes • Kinetics • Forces, moments, powers • Temporal Parameters • Walking speed (m/s) • Cadence (steps/min) • Double/Single support time (s) • Stride length (m) • Step length (m) • Step time (s)
- 12. Kinematics
- 13. Kinetics 2.0 Hip Flexion Moment 1.0 Hip Ab/Adduction Moment 3.0 Hip Flexion/Extens ion Power Flex Add Gen Nm Nm W Ext Abd Abs -1.0 -1.0 -2.0 2.0 Knee Flexion Moment 1.0 Knee Ab/Adduction Moment 2.0 Knee Flexion/Extension Pow er Flex Var Gen Nm Nm W Ext Valg Abs -1.0 -1.0 -2.0 3.0 Ankle Flexion Moment 1.0 Ankle Ab/Adduction Mom ent 4.0 Ankle Flexion/Extension Pow er Dors Add Gen Nm Nm W Plan Abd Abs -1.0 -1.0 -2.0 40 Fore/Aft Shear Force 30 Medial/Lateral Shear Force 140 Vertical Ground Reaction Force N N N -40 -30 0 Left Mean Barefoot (Mean Barefoot) Right Mean Barefoot (Mean Barefoot) Avg File 7 (Normals.gcd)
- 14. Limitations of current methods of Clinical Gait Analysis • Modelling errors –Centre of knee rotation –Marker placement –Soft tissue movement –Foot modelling
- 15. Limitations of current methods of Clinical Gait Analysis • Practical data collection constraints –Artificial capture environment –Snapshot analysis –Restricted activities –Specialist staff –Intrusive –Expensive
- 16. Specks •
- 17. Potential benefits of Specks for CGA • Address limitations of current optical motion capture methods • Provide objective measure of functional ability in every day environments • Provide ongoing monitoring • Increase national service capacity • Reduce assessment costs
- 18. Comparative Results • Normal Data Collection • Patient Data Collection
- 19. Comparative Results – Pelvic Tilt Pelvic Tilt 30 Ant deg Post -10 Graph from Specks Graph from Vicon
- 20. Comparative Results – Hip Flexion Hip Flexion 60 Flex deg Ext -15 Graph from Specks Graph from Vicon
- 21. Comparative Results – Knee Flexion Knee Flexion 90 Flex deg Ext -15 Graph from Specks Graph from Vicon
- 22. Comparative Results – Ankle Flexion Ankle Flexion 30 Dors deg Plan -30 Graph from Specks Graph from Vicon
- 23. Comparative Results – Pelvic Obliquity Pelvic Obliquity 15 Up deg Dow n -15 Graph from Specks Graph from Vicon
- 24. Comparative Results – Hip Abduction Hip Adduction 20 Add deg Abd -15 Graph from Specks Graph from Vicon
- 25. Comparative Results – Pelvic Rotation Pelvic Rotation 30 Int deg Ext -30 Graph from Specks Graph from Vicon
- 26. Patient Data 30 Pelvic Tilt deg -10
- 27. Patient Data 90 Knee Flexion deg -15
- 28. Patient Data 15 Pelvic Obliquity deg -15
- 29. Patient Data 20 Hip Adduction deg -15
- 30. Patient Data 30 Pelvic Rotation deg -30
- 31. Patient Data 30 Pelvic Tilt deg -10
- 32. Patient Data 60 Hip Flexion deg -15
- 33. Original Curves Zero Mean Adjusted
- 34. Original Curves Zero Mean Adjusted
- 35. Original Curves Zero Mean Adjusted
- 36. Analysis of The Use of Specks in Clinical Gait Analysis • Format of result in line with Gait Analysis reports • Integration cumulative error, reset at mid- stance • Reset orientation of markers • Zero centred magnitudes
- 37. Future work • Anterior/Posterior pelvic tilt • “Root” of calculations • Position of foot marker • Orientation of markers
- 38. Future Work • Design – Size • Transmitting Wire / Internal memory • Battery life • Transmission problems • Segmentation automated for pathological gait
- 39. Summary of The Use of Specks in Gait Analysis Kinematics • Angular displacements in 3 planes • Kinetics • Forces, moments, powers • Force Transducers • Temporal Parameters • Walking speed (m/s) • Cadence (steps/min) • Double/Single support time (s) • Stride length (m) • Step length (m) • Step time (s)
- 40. Thank you for your attention