1. cannot be easily
removed by the
government
government does not
appoint (or train) judges
They are unelected
“the ability of judges to
resist political pressure from
the other two branches of
government
politicians should not
criticise any judge
everyone is “equal
before the law”,
Decisions must be taken on a fair,
and impartial, basis
A judge must not benefit
personally from the case in
question
A judge should
avoid any
political or
personal bias
In practise, the social background of judges can
affect their judgment