Primary data is information collected firsthand for research purposes, while secondary data is collected by others for non-research reasons. Sociologists commonly use secondary data as it is readily available at low cost. Common primary collection methods include surveys, participant observation, and experiments. Secondary data sources include official statistics from governments and organizations as well as documents. Quantitative data is numeric while qualitative data provides subjective experiences and perspectives to understand social phenomena. Examples of each type of data collection method and source are provided.

1. Sociological Research Methods Research Methods focused on Education

2. Part I: Primary & Secondary Data

7. Part II: Quantitative & Qualitative Data