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Food
What food is
A drastic oversimplification
Plant growth
light + water + air
+ other nutrients (soil)

Animal growth
water + nutrients
        (plants or animals)
Figure 38.9
Food
Food?




        http://en.wikipedia.org/
        wiki/Twinkies
Food?
•   Enriched Wheat Flour
                               enriched with ferrous sulphate (iron), B vitamins (niacin,
                                    thiamine mononitrate [B1], riboflavin [B12] and folic acid).

•   Sugar
•   Corn syrup
•   Water
•   High fructose corn syrup                   containing one or more of partially hydrogenated soybean,
•   Vegetable and/or animal shortening cottonseed or canola oil, and beef fat.
•   Dextrose
•   Whole eggs                               • Calcium caseinate
•   Modified corn starch                     • Sodium stearol lactylate
•   Cellulose gum                            • Wheat gluten
•   Whey (sodium acid pyrophosphate, baking  • Calcium sulphate
•   Leavenings  soda, monocalcium phosphate)
                                             • Natural and artificial flavours
•   Salt                                     • Caramel colour
•   Cornstarch                               • Sorbic acid (to retain freshness)
•   Corn flour                               • Colour added (yellow 5, red 40)
•   Corn syrup solids
•   Mono and diglycerides
•   Soy lecithin                                                    http://www.bbc.co.uk/
•   Polysorbate 60                                                  dna/h2g2/alabaster/
•   Dextrin                                                         A516836
The Historical
Importance of
Agriculture
Connections
BBC, 1978
Food Access
Urban Food Deserts
“...a neighborhood in which
residents typically must travel
twice as far to reach the closest
supermarket or local grocer as
people in better-appointed
neighborhoods...”
Food Waste
96,000,000,000
pounds of food disposed
of every year in the US
                    Food
                    Politics
“The US wastes
40% of all food
produced per year.”

                                            GOOD.is
            http://www.good.is/post/the-u-s-wastes-40-percent-of-all-
                food-produced-per-year-how-about-we-stop-doing-that/
Environmental
Impact
“We must recognize that
our food production system
was conceived in different times;
what worked then is
inadequate, even
dangerous, now.”
“...our food production system remains
structurally blind to ecological and
social imperatives. Designed to
create wealth and
distribute cheap food, the
system has been slow to factor in
its responsibilities for the health of
the land and the people.”
“...on a global basis
Agriculture is the
largest threat to
biodiversity and
ecosystem function
of any single human activity.”
                United Nations Millennium
                Ecosystem Assessment
Why does
biodiversity
matter?
Ecosystem
Services
Pollination
Predation of pests
Decomposition
Stabilization of soil
Nitrogen fixation
                        Sustaining
                        Life
Resilience
Reduction of
Genetic Diversity
90%   livestock production based on
      15 mammal and bird species


75%   food supply based on
      12 plant species
Stem
Rust



http://
www.wired.com/
magazine/
2010/02/
ff_ug99_fungus/
Gene flow
from cultivars
to wild species
Pollution
Eutrophication
http://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/algal_bloom
Habitat
Destruction
Land Degradation
wind and water erosion
due to removal of vegetative cover
and pulverization of soil by tillage,
livestock and machinery
soil salinization
due to flood irrigation
soil habitat disturbance
Eat local,
save your
foodshed
“Foodsheds are the
farmbelts around our
cities that once provided
most urban food.”
Saving local foodsheds
 - preserves an area’s
  • agriculture land
  • traditions
  • varietal crops
 - increases an area’s
  • resilience
  • quality of life
Further
Reading
H+E, Food 2011

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H+E, Food 2011