1. Biological Macroolecules

2. Chapter 3

3. Chapter 4

7. “Life is just a kind of chemistry,
of sufficient complexity
to permit reproduction and evolution.”
Cosmos:
A Personal
Voyage

8. Polymers

9. a substance that has
a molecular structure
consisting chiefly or entirely of
a large number of similar units
bonded together
New
Oxford
American
Dictionary

11. Biological Polymers

12. Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Lipids

14. Dehydration Synthesis

15. Hydrolysis

16. Proteins

17. Amino Acids

19. Figure 4-3 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

22. (b) Transport proteins: Red blood cells contain the
(a) Enzymes: Globular proteins called enzymes protein hemoglobin, which transports oxygen and
play a key role in many chemical reactions. carbon dioxide in the body.
(d) Structural proteins: Keratin forms hair, nails,
(c) Structural proteins: Collagen feathers, and components of horns.
Is present in bones, tendons, and
cartilage.
(e) Defensive proteins: White
(f) Contractile proteins: Proteins
blood cells destroy cells without
called act in and myosin are
the proper identity proteins and
present in muscles.
make antibody proteins that
attack invaders.

24. Table 4-1 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

25. Form-Function
Relationship

27. Protein
Structure
and Folding

32. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Primary
structure
Amino acids
H
N
Secondary C
structure C
N C N
C
O
C
H O
C H
N C
C N
O
O C
H H
C
N C N
C
C O
O
H
C H
β-pleated sheet N C
C
O N
O
C
α-helix C
O
Tertiary
structure
Quaternary
structure

33. Hierarchical
Organization

36. Denaturation

38. On Food and Cooking
Harold McGee

40. Nucleic
Acids

41. Nucleotides

42. Page 57
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
P
P

43. Figure 4.12

44. Base Pairing

45. Page68_01

46. Carbohydrates

47. Monosaccharides

48. Glucose
Galactose
Fructose

49. Disaccharides

50. Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose

51. Polysaccharides

52. energy storage
in plants
Starch
{ amylose
amylopectin

55. energy storage
in animals
Glycogen

56. structure
for plants
Cellulose

57. structure
in animals
Chitin

59. Lipids

60. Hydrophobic substances
can be dissolved in lipids.

61. Fatty Acids

62. Saturated

63. Unsaturated

65. Glycerol

66. Glycerol

67. Triacylglyceride
Fat Molecule

68. Long-Term
Energy Storage

71. Phospholipids

74. Calories per gram
Carbohydrate 4
Protein 4
Fat 9

75. On Food and Cooking
Harold McGee