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Cp 50 10-18 4 talk lab - class slide ha
1.
Hemolytic Anemia
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G6PD Deficiency
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Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
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ESR อัตราความเร็วของ RBC
ที่จะตก ตะกอน เมื่อตั้งเลือดทิ้งไว้ 1 ชั่วโมง Rate ขึ้นกับ 1. ความเข้มข้นของสาร macromolecules ใน plasma ที่จะทำาให้ RBC form Rouleaux 2. ความหนาแน่นของ RBC เอง Rouleaux ทำาให้ surface /
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ESR ระยะแรก (
~ 10 นาที ) เป็น ระยะที่มีการเกาะกลุ่มของ RBC rouleaux ระยะนี้จะตกตะกอน ช้า ๆ ระยะที่สอง ( ~ 40 นาที ต่อมา ) จะตกเร็วขึ้น ระยะที่สาม RBC รวมตัวกัน
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ESR ↑ 1. Fibrinogen
มีการสร้าง เพิ่มใน acute phase ของ โรค tissue injury inflammation neoplasm 2. Immunoglobulinใน Chronic disease Immunoproliferative disorders.
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ESR↓ 1. Hypofibrinogenemia 2. Polycythemia 3.
RBC : - hypo micro
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Factor อื่นที่มีผลต่อ ESR 1.
Position ของหลอด 2. ขนาดและความยาวของ หลอด 3. อุณหภูมิ สูง : ตกเร็ว / ตำ่า : ตกช้า 4. ถ้าทิ้งเลือดเกิน 2 ชม.
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Indications การทำา ESR ผู้ป่วยที่มีอาการไม่ชัดเจน ระหว่าง
functional และ organic Monitor โรคบางชนิด เช่น Rheumatic fever T.B. Collagen disease Follow up ผู้ป่วยบางโรค
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mbotic Thrombocytopenic purpura Disseminated
thrombotic occlusion ใน microcircu ละอาการแสดง Microangiopathic H.A. Pl อาการทางระบบประสาท ไข้ Renal dysfunction
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Pathogenesis 1. Platelet von
Willebrand F เพิ่ม 2. Endothelium มีความผิดปกติ 3. Platelet เกาะติดกับ Endothelium เกิด ‘ Platelet - Fibrin thrombi ‘ Lab 1. IV hemolysis Hb - emia Hb - uria 2. Schistocyte Platelet ตำ่า 3. Coagulation test Normal
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Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (
PNH ) Hemolytic anemia ชนิด intravascular เกี่ยวข้องกับ aplastic anemia - pancytopenia - โรคเรื้อรัง - hypo or acellular bone marrow - เกิดจาก somatic mutation ของ Hemopoietic stem cells เกิด ตาม หลัง aplastic anemia ~ 30%
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Pathogenesis Somatic mutation ของ
PIG - A gene ( Hemopoitic stem cell ) Abnormal GPI anchor โปรตีน > 2 ตัว หายไป ได้แก่ 1. - Decay accelerating factor ( DAF , CD55 ) ทำาหน้าที่ขัดขวาง C3 convertase ทำาให้การสลายของ C’ lysis ได้ 2. - MIRL , CD 59 ทำาหน้าที่ป้องกัน การรวมตัวของ C9 กับ C 5b-8 complex 3. - C 8bp
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ลักษณะทางคลินิก - Anemia ,
Jaundice - Intravasenlar hemolysis - Hemoglobinuria พบ 38% ของผู้ ป่วย อาการเหลือง อาจไม่ชัด แต่เวลา acute attack จะเห็นชัด ภาวะแทรกซ้อน 1. การติดเชื้อ 2. Renal function อาจเสื่อมลงเรื่อยๆ
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การตรวจทางห้องปฏิบัติการ 1. Anemia recticulocyte
สูง 2. WBC และ platelet ตำ่ากว่าปกติ พบ 50% 3. BM. ไม่ specific 4. Serum iron , ferritin อาจตำ่าระยะ แรก 5. Acidified serum test ( Ham ‘s test ) และ sugar water test positive 6. Hemosiderin ใน urine ให้ผลบวก
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การวินิจฉัย PNH อาศัย Criteria 1.
Chronic hemolytic anemia + iron deficiency anemia 2. Anemia 50% เป็น pancytopenia 3. PNH cells ไวต่อ C’ - Ham ‘s test - Sugar water test
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PNH
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