The document provides information about Peruvian culture, history, and tourism. It discusses several Pre-Inca and Inca cultures that inhabited Peru and influenced Peruvian traditions. It then summarizes key aspects of Peruvian geography, government, economy, languages, cuisine, religions, dances, writers, and national symbols. It also lists several popular tourist destinations in Peru including archaeological sites like Machu Picchu and Nazca Lines, lakes like Lake Titicaca, and national parks like Manu National Park.

2. OBJETIVES
Promote national values in the people and establish
respect in the foreign people
Promote the proper valuation of a global culture
as rich as ours.
PROBLEM:
‘¿How we can encourage and promote the national love?
HIPOTESIS:
-Using the information that the students of fifth grade of
secondary are going to give in the project many other
students and people will Know something more about our
culture and in this way they will value and love it.

5. Our History has been changing
through the years. First there
were many different cultures
that settled down in our country
like
Cupisnique, Chavin, Paracas, M
ochica,Nazca,Wari,and
Chimu, this cultures are called
Pre-Inca cultures because they
took place before the beginning
of the Incas.

6. Each culture settled down in
different cities of our country
but here in Trujillo was the
Mochica culture which gave
us all our traditions and
customs.
In the 15th century this new
powerful state (the Incas)
appeared and start to
conquer those cultures so it
became the most important
Peruvian culture.

7. When the Incas were a big
empire a group of Spanish
conquerors came to our country
and destroyed this majestic
empire and that’s how the
Viceroyalty started in Peru.
The Incas got tired of Spanish
abuse so they started planning
liftings against the Spanish
crown with José de San Martín
and Simon Bolivar as principal
leaders.

8. After a period of revolutions and civil wars we
were able to claim for our Independence. That’s
when José de San Martín proclaim our freedom
on July 28 of 1821.

9. Etymology
•¬
•The word Peru is derived from Birú, the name of a local
ruler who lived near the Bay of San Miguel. Then, it was
changed by Francisco Pizarro who asked for the Spain
•.
crown to gave our country the legal name of Peru.
•We live in Trujillo and this name was given to our city by
Francisco Pizarro as well because of the city ubicated in
Spain which has the same name.

11. Regions
Peru is divided into 25 regions
and it’s capital is Lima. Each
region has an elected
government composed of a
president and a council, which
serves for a four-year term.
La Libertad
Amazonas Lambayeque
Ancash Lima
Apurímac Tacna
Loreto
Arequipa Tumbes
Madre de Dios
Ayacucho Ucayali
Moquegua
Cajamarca Piura
Pasco
Callao Puno
Huancavelica
Cusco San Martín
Huánuco
Junín Ica

12. Geography
Peru covers 1,285,216 km2 . It borders
Ecuador and Colombia to the north,
Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the
southeast, Chile to the south, and the
Pacific Ocean to the west. The Andes
Mountains run parallel to the Pacific
Ocean, dividing the country into
three geographic regions.
The coast, to the
west, is a narrow
plain, largely arid
except for valleys
created by
seasonal rivers.

13. The highlands is the
region of the Andes; it
includes the plateau as
well as the highest peak
of the country, the
6,768 m (22,205 ft)
Huascarán.
The third region is the
rainforest, a wide expanse
of flat terrain covered by
the Amazon rainforest that
extends east. Almost 60% of
the country's area is located
within this region.

14. Peru's longest rivers are
the Ucayali, the
Marañón, the Putumayo,
the Yavarí, the Huallaga
and the Amazon

15. Government
Politics of the Republic of Peru takes place in a framework of
a presidential representative democratic republic, where
the President is both head of state and head of government, and
of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by
the government, legislative power is vested in both the
government and the Congress and the Judiciary is independent
of the executive and the legislature

16. Economy
Peru is considered a
underdeveloped country but our
state is trying really hardly to
increase our economy and promote
the national exportation.
Peruvian currency have been
through many changes and
modifications. For example years
ago, peruvian people used as
currency some little coins called
“Intis” which now have turned into
new coins called “Nuevos soles”.

17. Language
The main language is Spanish but there are also many
others native languages like Quechua, Aymara, Kawki
and Jaqaru. Also there are many others that are already
cosidered as extincted languages.

18. Culture
Peruvian culture is primarily rooted in Amerindian and Spanish
traditions, though it has also been influenced by various
African, Asian, and European ethnic groups.
Peruvian artistic traditions date back to the elaborate pottery,
textiles, jewelry, and sculpture of Pre-Inca cultures. The Incas
maintained these crafts and made architectural achievements
including the construction of Machu Picchu.

19. Peruvian literature has its roots in the
oral traditions of pre-Columbian
civilizations. In the early 20th
century, the Indian Movement
produced such writers as Ciro
Alegría, José María Arguedas, and
César Vallejo.
Peruvian cuisine is a blend of
Amerindian and Spanish food
with strong influences from
African, Arab, Italian, Chinese,
and Japanese cooking.
Common dishes include
anticuchos, ceviche and
pachamanca.

20. Religion
The Peruvian government is closely allied with the Catholic
Church. So we can say that it is the main religion in our
country, anyway thanks to the freedom of religion there are
many people who believe in many other and different religions
like moslems protestants and even atheistics.

21. Tipical Dances
• Marinera: This is a really elegant
dance which represents flirting between
the man and the woman.
• The Huayno is a dance from the
mountains from Peru, the origin of this
dance is from Inca and Pre Inca time.
• The Huaylash is another dance from
the mountains from Peru, it looks a bit
like a funny tap dance and it’s a
representation of agricultural tasks.
• The Diablada is a typical dance from
the Southern Part of Peru, it started like a
representation of the evil and the good
spirits during colonial times and then
developed into a colorful dance with
costumes with evil heads.

22. •The dance of the scissors is an
Indian dance originating in the
region of Ayacucho, ,
•There are also many Afro Peruvian
dances, called “negroides” ,
that began in Colonial times when
the Spanish brought slaves to South
America.
•There are many more dances like
some from the Amazon Region of
Peru and we could say that every
city has a different dance.

23. Peruvian Celebrations

24. PERUVIAN WRITERS WHO ARE RECOGNIZED ALL OVER THE
WORLD:
Mario Vargas Llosa :
Was born in Peru; in Arequipa and is
considered the best Latin American
writer.
An important distinction he has
received is the 1994 Miguel de
Cervantes Prize.
He is a pride for most Peruvians
because he was awarded the
2010 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Becoming into the first Peruvian who
has awarded a prize like this.

25. César Vallejo Mendoza
César Vallejo was born in Santiago de
Chuco.
He published "The Black Heralds.
By charging the freedom travels back
to Lima and publishes "Trilce" and other
works.
He leads a life full of hardships close.
Die one Friday on April 15, 1938.

26. José Carlos Mariátegui
José Carlos Mariátegui was born in
Moquegua.
In 1919 he created the newspaper La
Razón where university reform and support
workers' struggles.
Then he published his "Seven Interpretative
Essays on Peruvian Reality." A year later, he
founded the Confederation of Workers of
Peru.
He died in Lima on April 16, 1930.

27. Claudia Llosa :
Was born in Lima, studied
in Newton College and received a
degree in communication
studies in the University of Lima.
In 2009 Llosa finished her second film The Milk of
Sorrow which was shortlisted for the 59th Berlin International
Film Festival. It was the first Peruvian film nominated for
the Golden Bear award, and won the main award. On
February 2, 2010 Llosa's The Milk of Sorrow was nominated
for the Academy Award in the Best Foreign Film Category.

28. National symbols of Peru
Peruvian Flag :
The flag of Peru was adopted
by the government of Peru in
1825. It is a vertical tree-band
with red outer bands and a
single white middle band.
Depending on its use, it may
be defaced with different
emblems, and has different
names. Flag day in Peru is
celebrated on June 7, the
anniversary of the Battle of
Arica.

29. National anthem:
This anthem was adopted in 1821.
Seven compositions were entered
to produce this national
anthem, and on the prefixed
day, they were reviewed and
played. General José de San
Martín chose master Jose
Bernardo Alcedo musical
production without no doubt. The
beautiful voice of lady Rosa
Merino, was the first to intone the
anthem, from the original verses
from the poet Don José de la
Torre Ugarte.

30. Coat of arms:
This coat, consists of three
elements: the top left section
shows the vicuña, representing
the fauna of Peru; the tree in
the top right section is the
cinchona tree, representing
the national flora; and the
bottom cornucopia with coins
spilling from it, on a red field,
represents the mineral
resources of the country.

31. HISTORY OF THE FLAG OF PERU
The story says that the general
Jose de San Martín was
sleeping, so he had a dream.
In this dream he could saw this
flock of bird which wings were
red and it’s breasts were white.
In that moment, San Martín
decided the color of our flag:
red and white.

32. Meaning of the
colors:
Many people say that the
white represents peace
and the red is the blood
from the fighters who
made everything for our
freedom.

33. MANCO CAPAC
AND MAMA AYAR
OCLLO LEYEND: BROTHERS

34. Cultures of Perú
Over the course of 1400
years, pre-Inca cultures settled
along the Peruvian coast and
highlands.
The first Peruvian civilization
settled in Huantar , Ancash in
around 1000 BC. The power of
the civilization, based on a
theocracy, was centered in the
Chavin de Huantar temple,
whose walls and galleries were
filled with sculptures of ferocious
deities with feline features.

35. The Paracas culture (700 BC) rose to power
along the south coast, and was to craft
superb skills in textile weaving.
The north coast was dominated by
the Mochica civilization (100 AD).
The culture was led by military
authorities such as the Lord of Sipan.
The highlands saw the rise of the
Tiahuanaco culture (200 AD), based in
the Collao region (which covered parts of
modern-day Bolivia and Chile).

36. The Nazca culture (300 AD) were able to tame the
coastal desert by bringing water through underground
aqueducts. They formed an agricultural calendar
which even today baffles researchers.
The Wari culture (600 AD) introduced urban settlements
in the Ayacucho area and expanded its influence
across the Andes.
The refined Chimu culture (700 AD) crafted gold and
other metals into relics and built the mud-brick citadel
of Chan Chan, near the northern coastal city of Trujillo.
The Chachapoyas culture (800 AD) made the best
possible use of arable land and built their constructions
on top of the highest mountains in the northern cloud
forest.

37. TURISTIC PLACES IN PERU
Peru is a country in western of South America. This country has
rich natural resources and many great places to visit. Check out
the list below the most popular tourist attractions in Peru.
ARQUEOLOGICAL PLACES:
1. Chan Chan
Is an archaeological site. It is Located west of Trujillo, Chan
Chan is an impressive set of ruins of an ancient city. Was
added as a Unesco World Heritage Site in 1986.

38. 2. Chavín de Huántar
Chavín de Huántar is an
archaeological site containing
ruins and artifacts constructed.
It is located 250
kilometers north of Lima.
Chavín de Huántar has
been designated a
UNESCO World Heritage
Site.

39. 3. Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu is
the site of an
ancient Inca city,
high in the Andes of
Peru. It was built in
the classical Inca
style, with polished
dry-stone walls.

40. 4. Nazca lines
The Nazca Lines are a series of ancient
geoglyphs located in a town on Peru Southern
Coast. The Nazca Lines was declared a World
Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1994.

41. LAKES AND NATIONAL PARKS:
1. Titicaca Lake
Lake Titicaca is a lake located on the border
between northern Bolivia and southern Peru. It is
considered the highest commercially navigable
body of water in the world.

42. 2. Huascarán National Park
This is located in the Cordillera Blanca range of
Peru. It was also pronounced as Natural Heritage of
Humanity and recognized as Reserve of Biosphere.

43. 3. Manú National Park
It is a biosphere reserve located in the isolated
region of Madre de Dios, is one of the most
diverse areas in Peru and South America. The park
was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in
1987.

44. 4. Paracas National
Reservation
The Paracas National
Reserve is located in
Ica, Peru and consists
of the Paracas
Peninsula. Paracas
National Reserve is a
popular nature reserve
on the Southern Coast
of Peru. Paracas is also
a very popular beach
resort destination.

45. Peruvian Cuisine
The cuisine of Peru is among the most diverse in the
world, as evidenced by the fact that we have the
largest number of dishes in the world and according to
several understandings, peruvian cuisine reached a
level equivalent to French food, China and India.
Peruvian culinary arts are constantly evolving, so it is
impossible to establish a complete list of
representative dishes.

46. Main features
The kitchen
has been the meeting
point of
diverse cultures, thanks to
the inclination of the mixtu
re that has characterized
the history of
Peru. Rice is a food that a
ccompanies many dishes
from this popular country .

47. Main Ingredients
-Potato, more than 2,500 registered varieties
of native potatoes in the Andean region.
-Sweet Potato, with about 150 varieties.

48. Hot peppers
are grown almost
exclusively in Peru.
Cherimoya, which is of
Peruvian origin.

49. Achiote, a fruit seed originall
from Peru and
Mesoamerica, is
used as food flavoring and
as a natural dye in
cosmetics in the world.
Corn grain of Peru is
very large component of many
traditional dishes, plus a variety:
purple
corn, is unique in the world.

50. Peruvian cuisine in the world of today
In the last decade of
the twentieth century, Peruvian
cuisine started to become popular outside
its borders. Because of this rich variety and
the harmony of taste and food
employees, Peruvian cuisine is
consistently awarded internationally and
his chefs often tend to get international
medals that distinguish them.

51. Most popular dishes today
•Coastal cuisine:
Peru is one of the two major
producers and exporters of fish meal
for animal feed in the world.
Ceviche is a dish widely
disseminated and Cultural Heritage
of the Nation by the Peruvian
government. The basic recipe
ceviche is the same in all regions:
fish pieces, lemon juice, red onion,
pepper and salt.

52. •Andean cuisine
The Andes are the source of ancient cultures and with them the
taste of the cuisine. In this high country, the main
power remains corn , potato, and multiple tubers.
Cuy :
Travel in the highlands of Inca country, and you're likely to be
offered cuy, a traditional Andean entree, on the menu. Cuy,
alternately called conejillo de indias is a guinea pig or cavy.

53. The cuisine of the jungle
The most popular dishes of the Peruvian Amazon are
Juane, tacacho and Suri
Tacacho:
It consists in grilled bananas
smashed.
Suri: Is a type of worm, typical of
the rainforest and is eaten fried.

54. Desserts & Sweets:
Alfajor: Dessert of colonial
origin.
Picarones: This dish is
served like rings made from
a mixture of flour and
chunks of squash and fried
in a hot pan coated in
molasses syrup.
.
.

55. Beverages:
Chicha: is prepared from
the time of the Incas, is
made by fermenting corn
germ, called Jora and
different fruits and spices.
Aguajina : It’s a typical
beverages from the
jungle , It’s prepared from
Aguaje , Especial fruit from
this region.

56. Spirits & Cocktails
Pisco: Pisco is the national drink. There are four
varieties of Peruvian pisco, fresh, green juice,
alcoholated and aromatic. Mixing pisco and lime,
we prepare the famous pisco sour which is our
national drink.

57. Conclusions
Finally we can say that Peru is a country
full of both physical and intellectual
riches, full of heroes who fought for
independence showing great courage
and love for our homeland. It is an
example of a country, which is striving
to get ahead and move from an
underdeveloped country to a
developed one.

58. Students:
•Hilda Topacio Zuta Loyola
•Milagros Schmiel Pajares
•Claudia Horna García
•Samantha Artíca Espinal
•Andrea Rojas Bracamonte
•Lucero Cruz León