4. Migration Waves
~60 different languages
Spoken in Iran, India,
parts of Europe and
Americas
Greek, English,
Russian, French, Hindi:
all ‘siblings’
Indo-European languages
6. Latins and Rome
Rome is built between 700-500BC
An ancient form of Latin is spoken
Expansion from 500BC
‘Italy’ dominated by 270BC
Standard written language: classical texts
(Plato, Cicero)
7. Formal:
• Politics
• Arts
• Science
• Written docs ‘Popular’:
• Army
• Trade
• Latin lggs Originated
in popular
speech
9. VII Century
Arabic domination and
great influence over
~800 years:
• sophisticated culture
• great literary production
10. Portugal
• Independent by 1143
• Strong movement to expel
Arabs (gone by XIII century)
• Alfama (Al-Hama) in Lisbon
• Trade, culture and knowledge
• Dom Henrique and the development of navigation techniques:
Portuguese, Italian, Arab and Jewish scholars
• Leadership in ‘discovering’ the rest of the world
12. Brazil - 1500AD
African: Niger-Congo
More than 4 million,
from different
regions/cultures
Amerindian: Tupi
~1200 native indian
populations
~1000 languages
13. Atlas Miller de Lopo Homem, 1515-1519
• First contact with Tupi
• Barter
• 1530: colonisation
• Native indian lgg
• ‘Paulista General Lgg’
(up to XVIII century)
• ‘Amazonian General Lgg’
(from XVII; 8 million)
14. African Slaves
Sugar: lucrative business bought to Brazil
(XVI century)
Native indians: lost cause
Banto speaking people
Gold and diamond mining (XVII century)
‘Specialist’ slave: éve-fon speaking people
15. Oficial Language:
Portuguese
Brazil as a source of wealth
Radical measures to
‘control’ lucrative business
1808: Royal family and
court move to Rio de
Janeiro
Formal and written
Portuguese take off
New slave trade:
Iorubá-speaking people
16.
17. XIX and XX centuries: first steps
towards Brazilian Portuguese
Slavery ends
Immigration waves
Industrialisation
Migration: rural to urban
Modernism: arts and literature especially
Communications: radio, TV and internet
Formal x informal Brazilian Portuguese
Foreign words and expressions