Open Data and Ecological and Evolutionary synthesis
IAQ Presentation
1. Volatile Aldehydes in Libraries and Archives A. Fenech1, M. Strlič1, I. Kralj Cigić2, A. Levart3, L. T. Gibson4, G. de Bruin5, K. Ntanos6, J. Kolar7, M. Cassar1 1 University College London, Centre for Sustainable Heritage, UK; 2 University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia 3 University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia 4 Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK 5 Nationaal Archief, The Hague, The Netherlands 6 The National Archives, Kew, UK 7 National and University Library, Ljubljana, Slovenia
2. Introduction VAs Factors Affecting Stability VAs To date limited knowledge exists on volatile aldehydes in libraries and archives This systematic study investigates their presence and their effect on vulnerable photographic prints This presentation is based on work published in: Fenech, A., Strlič, M., Cigić, I. K., Levart, A., Gibson, L. T., De Bruin, G., Ntanos, K., Kolar, J. & Cassar, M. (2010) Volatile Aldehydes in Libraries and Archives. Atmospheric Environment, in press. Introduction Experimental Investigations Case Study Conclusions
4. Sampling Methods Passive sampling Active sampling Introduction Experimental Investigations Case Study Conclusions
5. Volatile Aldehydes in Repositories Introduction Experimental Results Case Study Conclusions
6. Analysis of Results: PCA Filtered and/or Ventilated Repositories Archival Boxes Non-Ventilated Repositories Newsprint Repository Low-Load Library Introduction Experimental Case Study Conclusions Results
7. Personnel Exposure to VAs NIOSH Formaldehyde TWA: 16 ppb Introduction Experimental Case Study Conclusions Results
8. Indoor and Outdoor Pollutants at TNA Introduction Experimental Case Study Conclusions Results
9. Indoor and Outdoor Pollutants at TNA Introduction Experimental Case Study Conclusions Results
10. Case Study: Colour Photographs Introduction Experimental Investigations Case Study Conclusions
11. Results to Date Low variation found in a wide range of repositories => Aldehydes may be removed faster by oxidation or surface removal than by forced removal Acetic acid the most abundant pollutant inside archival boxes, and the one which has the greatest degrading effect Personnel exposure levels below even the most stringent health and safety limits Introduction Experimental Investigations Case Study Conclusions
12. Future Work Investigate the effect the pollutants have on archival material Investigate the interaction of pollutant concentration, RH and temperature together and with archival material Possibility of a Review of Environmental Guidelines Introduction Experimental Investigations Case Study Conclusions
13. Acknowledgements UK AHRC/EPSRC Science and Heritage Programme (project CDA 08/412 additionally supported by the National Archives, UK) The Slovenian Research Agency (Programme P1-0153, and project PaperVOC additionally supported by Nationaal Archief, The Netherlands) St Paul's Cathedral: J. Wisdom, S. Carter and T. Heady University of Strathclyde: C. King Thank You a.fenech@ucl.ac.uk Introduction Experimental Investigations Case Study Conclusions
Hinweis der Redaktion
On behalf of my co-authorsIncreased concern of the effect of indoor-genereated pollutants on humans, and also materials.
As we can see in the scheme, there are a number of exogeneous and endogenous factors affecting the stability of heritage materials. Vas are particularly interesting as they can be both emitted and absorbedI wanted to start with this cycle, which is probably familiar to most of you here, showing the factors affecting the stability of heritage materials. These factors may affect materials by either causing the emission of VOCs or also the absorption of VOC. This cycle may thus results in the build-up of VOCs, including Vas in repositories holding these materials. Various endogenous and exogenous factors affecting stability of paper. VOCs can be both emitted and reabsorbed, which can lead to infectious spreading of degradation across objects. as they are both emitted and reabsorbed by paper and can lead to cross-infectionand spread of degradation over different objects.Why is the investigation of VOCs important? It is well known that as materials degrade VOCs are emitted into the environment. This may lead to a build-up of these same VOCs inside the archives and libraries, which can themselves cause the further degradation of materials. Thus, a vicious circle may be entered into. However, so far, no systematic study has been carried out to investigate their presence in libraries and archives. This was thus the aim of these investigations.
Both active and passive samplers
concentrations of volatile aldehydes in library andarchival environments are in the low ppb region. Remarkably low variation was found in thewide range of repository types, however. The most important conclusions are:- The highest concentrations of volatile aldehydes were recorded in a non-ventilatedrepository containing newsprint material, probably due to its low stability.- Ventilation and filtration have a small positive effect on the concentration of volatilealdehydes in the observed NA and TNA repositories. It is possible that aldehydesare removed by oxidation faster than by forced removal, which could be the reasonfor the observed very similar concentrations in various repositories, and in addition,very similar to those in closed boxes.- An additional finding supporting the previous conclusion is that the concentration ofaldehydes in boxes is similar to the environment outside the boxes, while theconcentration of acids is much higher and the concentration of the monitoredpollutant gases with an oxidising effect, such as NO2, is lower.- Inside boxes, the concentration of tVOCs and organic acids is significantly higherthan outside boxes, and can exceed the concentration of NO2 by 10 times.- The concentrations to which personnel working in archives and libraries areexposed to are well below even the most stringent limits set by health and safetyagencies, although the cumulative aldehyde concentration may approach the TWAlimit set by NIOSH (16 ppb).
