Historical Context Global Politics Haywood

1. 1648 (a turning point)
Signing of PEACE OF WESTPHALIA
that ended the 30years war
2 principles established by the PEACE
OF WESTPHALIA
Sovereignty
Collective Security

2. Nation’s Involved
CENTRAL POWERS ALLIED POWERS
 Austria-Hungary  British Empire
 Germany  France
 Bulgaria  Russia
 Ottoman Empire  Serbia
Alliances  Italy
Germany backed Austria-Hungary
and Russia backed Serbia
 United States

3. Nationalism
 Assassination of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand in Sajarejo(Bosnia)
On June28,1914
Heir to the Austria-Hungary’s crown
Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia in 1908
(but it was an area claimed by Bosnia)
Austria-Hungary
Ethnic and linguistic composition was
completely mixed, minority groups demanding
separation and independence

4. Rise of Germany
Germany’s neighbor(France) became
alarmed by Germany’s economic and
military strength
Germany on the other hand feared
encirclement
Imperialism
Germany’s bid for power reflected in the
desires for colonies.
This antagonized Britain

5. TheTREATY OF VERSAILLES WAS
SIGNED ON JUNE 28,1919
Ended the state of war between
Germany and allied powers
Created the League of Nations
Led to WWII
US->Emergingeconomic power
When US came->Germany lost

6. The fall of Empires:
Germany
Ottoman Empire
Austria-Hungarian Empire
are divided into smaller
nations

7. Germany must amid armaments
Pay reparations
Admit guilt in starting war
Great minorities fairly, Germany

9. AXIS POWERS ALLIED POWERS
 Germany  United States
 Italy  France
 Japan  Britain
 USSR

10. Germany Adolf Hitler
Britain Winston Churchill
Italy Benito Mussolini
Soviet Union Joseph Stalin
US Franklin Roosevelt
Japan Hideki Tojo

11. Treaty of Versailles
Harsh terms and the ineffective
enforcement
Germany angered over the war guilt clause
Nazi expansionism-> sought to restore
Germany to its original borders, expanded to
include all Germans
Annexed Austria and the Sudetenland in
Czechoslovakia
German people were the master race
Lebensraum (living space)

12. Hitler
exploited the nation’s resentment to
promote his Facist ideology
A totalitarian philosophy of government
Glorifies the state and nation
Assigns to the state and nation
Every aspect of nation life
League of Nations
A weak league (US did not join)
Unable to prevent German Aggression
Adopted a policy of appeasement
Giving concessions to an aggressor

13. Pearl Harbor
December 7,1941
Japan launched a surprise attack on
Pearl Harbor which was the principal
American Naval Base in the Pacific
Japanese Leader’s decided that their
only chance to avoid total defeat was
to launch a preemptive strike against
the US Naval Force
The Philippines-> Pro-US
The US-> promised independence for Filipino’s

14. Why?
1931-The US condemned the Japanese
invasion of Manchuria
1937-Japan invaded China, the US imposed
economic sanctions
1940-Japan occupied French Indochina, the
US imposed on embargo(no one can
enter/exit a territory on scrap metal & steel)
1941-Japan would not pull of China, the US
halted oil experts to Japan and froze
Japanese assets, thus restricting Japan’s
ability to pay for imports

15. WWII in Europe ended with the
unconditional surrender of
Germany in May1945
In the East, the war ended when
Japan surrendered unconditionally on
August 5, signing their surrender on
September 2 following the bombing
of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August

16. The US and the USSR
became super powers
The League of Nations
became United Nations
The Cold War starts

17. Each defeated nation has
to pay separations and
limit the size of its
military force