Chapter 4 Ethnic Conflict

Chapter 4: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Today’s agenda: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

In 1948, Ceylon (Sri Lanka) enjoyed the highest literacy rate in Asia. It did not have the problem of over-population; its educational and transportation systems were advanced. For some years, Ceylon was a model for the world. But, today, it is an island known for its problems, and its reputation as a killing field only matched by that of countries such as Rwanda. Adapted from a comment by an editor of a Tamil newspaper in 2003.

Watch this news clip: ‘The Casualties of Sri Lanka’s Conflict’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Why the conflict between the Sinhalese and Tamils in Sri Lanka?

8% 9.4% 81.9% % of Popn. Tamil and Sinhala, Islam Mainly coastal port cities Moors Tamil Hinduism Largest group in Jaffna & Batticaloa, Large minorities in other northern and eastern districts. Tamil Sinhala Buddhism Majority everywhere, except Jaffna and Batticaloa Sinhalese Language Religion Living Area Race

Discussion: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The people ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],1. Citizenship Rights 2. ‘Sinhala-Only’ Policy 3. University Admission 4. Resettlement of Population Reasons for Sinhalese -Tamil Conflict

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1. Citizenship Rights

What was done: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],By the 1980s, this agreement was not fulfilled and many Indian Tamils remained stateless Indian Tamils felt neglected and upset

Resolution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2. 'Sinhala-Only' Policy

[object Object],Changes made after Sri Lanka gained independence from the British ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Result of the policy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],What happened after the riot over the Official language Act ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],?

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1978 1987 Tamil accepted as an official language.

[object Object],3. UNIVERSITY ADMISSION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

3. University Admission ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Minimum marks for university admission, 1971 183 204 Sinhalese Tamils Physical sciences 175 181 Sinhalese Tamils Bio-science 229 250 Sinhalese Tamils Medicine and Dentistry 227 250 Sinhalese Tamils Engineering 187 170 Sinhalese Tamils Arts Minimum marks Students Course

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[object Object],4. Resettlement of Population ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],CHECKPOINT There are 4 reasons for the conflict in Sri Lanka: 1948: Citizenship Rights —over 1 million Tamils made ‘stateless’ 1950: Government-sponsored resettlement of Sinhalese in Tamil areas began 1956: ‘Sinhala Only’ policy was introduced 1972: Government restricted Tamils’ admission into university by raising admission criteria

[object Object],Consequences of the Sinhalese-Tamil Conflict Political Economic Social ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],1. Armed Conflict ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],?

[object Object],Tamil United Liberation Front ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],ARMED CONFLICT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],2. Unemployment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3. Loss of Investments from other countries

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],4. Fall in Number of Tourists

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],? 5. Foreign Intervention

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6. Sri Lankan Tamils driven out of their Homeland ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

6. Sri Lankan Tamils driven out of their Homeland ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Overview of Lesson ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Causes of conflict in Northern Ireland ,[object Object],[object Object]

Diagrammatic representation of United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland

Map of Northern Ireland and the UK Part of the United Kingdom Independent

Background: Origins of the conflict ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Background: Origins of the conflict

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Background: Origins of the conflict

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],People of Northern Ireland

[object Object],Government in Northern Ireland ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Causes for the Conflict between the Protestants and the Catholics Divided Loyalties The Education System Employment Housing Voting Rights

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1. Divided Loyalties

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What about the Catholics?

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],? 2. The Education System

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3. Employment

Unemployment rate by religion and sex in 2002 to 2003, Northern Ireland

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],4. Housing

A 1989 study on the housing situation in Northern Ireland by a government body that promotes understanding and awareness of the importance of human rights in Northern Ireland

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],? 5. Voting

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],The Troubles – From Peace to Violence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],?

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Violence

[object Object],Involvement of Irish Republican Army (IRA) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Effects of Protestants–Catholic Conflict ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Conclusion

Chapter 4 Ethnic Conflict

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