1) In 1939, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed the non-aggression pact agreeing not to fight each other and dividing Poland between them. 2) During World War 2, Nazi Germany pursued a policy of genocide against Jewish people and other groups. Over 6 million Jews and 5 million others were killed in the Holocaust. 3) By 1945, the Allied forces consisting of the United States, Britain, and Soviet Union had scored key victories over Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan, leading to the surrender of both Axis powers and the end of World War 2.

1. World War II Mr. Taylor | World History | Chapter 32

2. Secret Agreement Nonaggression pact: Germans, Soviets agree not to fight each other Agreement includes deal to split Poland Blitzkrieg: lightning war, Germany’s new military strategy

3. Meanwhile, in Russia The Great Purge: Joseph Stalin, tens of millions of ordinary individuals were executed or imprisoned in labor camps that were little more than death camps. Perceived political orientation was the key variable in these mass atrocities.

5. Rescue at Dunkirk German forces trap British, French on coast at Dunkirk British Navy, civilians take ships across Channel to rescue soldiers Winston Churchill: Becomes British prime minister, vows no surrender Germany plans invasion of Britain; begins with air attacks in 1940 Battle of Britain: British use air force, radar, code-breaking to resist Germany

6. Rescue at Dunkirk

8. Hitler Invades Soviet Union After taking Yugoslavia, Greece, Hitler betrays Stalin Germany invades an unprepared Soviet Union Soviet troops burn land as they retreat Germans almost capture Moscow

10. Americans want to avoid war Roosevelt fears that if allies fall, U.S. would have to fight Lend-Lease Act — U.S. loans weapons to countries fighting Germany

11. Infamy Japan attacks Pearl Harbor — U.S. naval base in Hawaii — on Dec. 7, 1941

12. Japan and the U.S. In 1941 Roosevelt cuts off oil shipments to Japan Yamamatoplans attack on U.S. fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Japan captures American Philippines, British holdings, including Hong Kong, Singapore, Dutch East Indies, Burma, threatens India, Britain’s main possession in Asia Japanese forces treat conquered peoples, prisoners of war brutally

14. Victory at Sea New kind of naval warfare — ships launch planes to fight each other Douglas MacArthur — American army commander in Pacific Plans to “island-hop” past strongholds, attack weaker Japanese bases

15. Axis & Allies

16. The Holocaust During the Holocaust, Hitler’s Nazis kill 6 million Jews and 5 million other “non-Arayans.”

18. Hitler “Our strength consists in our speed and in our brutality. Genghis Khan led millions of women and children to slaughter - with premeditation and a happy heart. History sees in him solely the founder of a state. It’s a matter of indifference to me what a weak western European civilization will say about me.

19. I have issued the command - and I’ll have anybody who utters but one word of criticism executed by a firing squad - that our war aim does not consist in reaching certain lines, but in the physical destruction of the enemy. Accordingly I have placed my death-head formations in readiness - for the present only in the East - with orders to them to send to death mercilessly and without compassion, men, women, and children of Polish derivation and language. Only thus shall we gain the living space (Lebensraum) which we need.

20. Hitler and the Holocaust Who, after all, speaks today of the annihilation of the Armenians?” Adolf Hitler August 22, 1939 Quoted from a speech delivered by Hitler to the Supreme Commanders and Commanding Generals, as the Nazis marched into Poland in 1939.

21. Racist Beliefs Hitler and Nazis say Aryans — Germanic peoples — are “master race” Kristallnacht—“night of broken glass,” Nov. 9, 1938 Jewish homes, businesses, synagogues attacked; 100 Jews killed

22. A Flood of Refugees Fearing violence, many German Jews flee, but other countries limit Jewish refugees Isolation Hitler has all Jews moved to designated cities, forced to live in ghettos

23. “Final Solution” Hitler’s final plan for treatment of Jews Chooses genocide —systematic killing of an entire people Russia joins effort

25. Death camps not in Germany, kept secret from German citizens

27. Practice Use your notes to write a paragraph describing Nazi Germany’s policy towards Jewish people. Include the following terms: Aryan Holocaust ghetto Final Solution genocide

28. The Allied Victory Led by the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union, the Allies score key victories and win the war.

29. The Battles in 5 Minutes

30. The Allies Strike Back Africa: Allied resistance starts in Africa, British against Germany & Italy The Battle for Stalingrad: Germany moves to capture Soviet oil fields Italy: United States and Brittan use Africa to launch invasion of Italy

32. Total War Fighting the war requires complete use of all national resources 18 million U.S. workers — many of them women — make weapons People at home face shortages of consumer goods Propaganda aims to inspire civilians to aid effort

33. The D-Day Invasion D-Day— June 6, 1944; day of “Operation Overlord” allied invasion of France

34. V-E Day By 1945, Allied armies approach Germany from two sides Soviets surround Berlin in April 1945 Hitler commits suicide On May 9, 1945, Germany officially surrenders, marking V-E Day President Roosevelt dies in April (stroke); Truman becomes president

36. The Japanese in Retreat U.S. takes Philippines in late 1944 Kamikazes—Japanese pilots who fly suicide missions In March 1945, American forces capture Iwo Jima U.S. takes Okinawa in June 1945; Japan suffers huge casualties

38. The Japanese Surrender Advisors warn Truman that invasion of Japan will cost many lives He has alternative; powerful new weapon called atomic bomb Manhattan Project — secret program Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Aug. 6, 1945; 75,000 die Nagasaki bombed on Aug. 9; 70,000 die Japanese surrender on Sept. 2, 1945

39. Feared a German Atom Bomb Persecution of Jewish scientists, sought asylum Einstein, abandoning his belief in pacifism, urged then president Franklin Roosevelt to develop an atomic bomb before Hitler did. He later regretted his support of the A-Bomb.

40. Was it necessary?

41. “I made one great mistake in my life ... when I signed the letter to President Roosevelt recommending that atom bombs be made; but there was some justification - the danger that the Germans would make them.”

44. The Nuremberg Trials Nuremberg Trials: trials of 22 Nazi leaders for war crimes Some Nazi leaders are executed for their actions

47. WWII: Mapping Items Germany Page 942: Circle extent of Axis-controlled area Page 953: Where were most Holocaust “death camps” Japan Page 933: Mark extent of Japanese expansion Midway, 1942 Hiroshima, 1945 Nagasaki, 1945 Italy France Normandy (D-Day), 1944 England Russia Japan Pearl Harbor Korea, 1950-53 Vietnam, 1957-73 Cuba, 1962 India, 1947 Israel, 1947