SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 31
The Culture of CMMI
Understanding and implementing
  CMMI in different cultures
Contents
    Experience
    Hofstede
    Application to CMMI
    Analysis of text
    Conclusions


2
Experience
    Netherlands          Estimation Sheet
     Germany            Estimation Model
      Sweden                Consensus
       USA               Quick decisions
    South Korea         Truth in pub only
       India        Draft Findings Presentation


3
Contents
    Experience
    Hofstede
    Application to CMMI
    Analysis of text
    Conclusions


4
even an iPhone app!




5
The Five Dimensions
    PDI   Power Distance
    IND   Individuality
    MAS   Masculinity
    UAI   Uncertainty Avoidance
    LTO   Long Term Orientation

6
Power Distance
    • How much the less powerful members of institutions and
      organizations expect and accept that power is distributed unequally.

    • In cultures with small power distance (e.g. Australia, Austria,
      Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand), people expect and accept power
      relations that are more consultative or democratic. People relate to
      one another more as equals regardless of formal positions.
      Subordinates are more comfortable with and demand the right to
      contribute to and critique the decisions of those in power. In
      cultures with large power distance (e.g. Malaysia), the less powerful
      accept power relations that are autocratic or paternalistic.
      Subordinates acknowledge the power of others based on their
      formal, hierarchical positions.

    • Thus, Small vs. Large Power Distance does not measure or attempt
      to measure a culture's objective, "real" power distribution, but
      rather the way people perceive power differences..
7
Individuality
    • How much members of the culture define themselves
     apart from their group memberships.

    • In individualist cultures, people are expected to develop
     and display their individual personalities and to choose
     their own affiliations. In collectivist cultures, people are
     defined and act mostly as a member of a long-term
     group, such as the family, a religious group, an age
     cohort, a town, or a profession, among others. This
     dimension was found to move towards the individualist
     end of the spectrum with increasing national wealth


8
Masculinity
    • The value placed on traditionally male or female values
     (as understood in most Western cultures). In so-called
     'masculine' cultures, people (whether male or female)
     value competitiveness, assertiveness, ambition, and the
     accumulation of wealth and material possessions. In so-
     called 'feminine' cultures, people (again whether male or
     female) value relationships and quality of life.

    • This dimension is often renamed by users of Hofstede's
     work, e.g. to Quantity of Life vs. Quality of Life


9
Uncertainty avoidance
     • What is different is dangerous
     • How much members of a society are anxious about the
      unknown, and as a consequence, attempt to cope with
      anxiety by minimizing uncertainty. In cultures with strong
      uncertainty avoidance, people prefer explicit rules (e.g.
      about religion and food) and formally structured
      activities, and employees tend to remain longer with
      their present employer. In cultures with weak
      uncertainty avoidance, people prefer implicit or flexible
      rules or guidelines and informal activities. Employees
      tend to change employers more frequently

10
Long Term Orientation
     • A society's "time horizon," or the importance attached
      to the future versus the past and present. In long term
      oriented societies, people value actions and attitudes
      that affect the future: persistence/perseverance, thrift,
      and shame. In short term oriented societies, people
      value actions and attitudes that are affected by the past
      or the present: normative statements, immediate
      stability, protecting one's own face, respect for tradition,
      andreciprocation of greetings, favors, and gifts.



11
110
                                 Some numbers
 83




 55




 28




     0
                   PDI              IDV              MAS                UAI                   LTO


         Netherlands     Spain   Portugal   France   Germany   Russia         Great Britain    United States

12
CMMI is an american model




13
and Portugal?




14
Contents
     Experience
     Hofstede
     Application to CMMI
     Analysis of text
     Conclusions


15
Analysis of text
Lessons from philosophy and theology




                                       16
Interpreting texts
     •   ex·e·ge·sis

         •    to explain, interpret

         •    What it meant – in the original context

     •   her·me·neu·tic

         •    1: the study of the methodological principles of
              interpretation (as of the Bible)
              2 : a method or principle of interpretation

         •    What it means – in the current context


17
Exegesis and hermeneutics
     Perception        Choices     Perception         Choices
     World view       Intentions   World view        Intentions




     Reality                                            Adoption

                  Author                  Reader


               Exegesis                    Hermeneutics
           “what did it mean?”          “what does it mean?”

18
Exegesis and hermeneutics
     American culture
     • plan driven           Perception        Choices
                             World view       Intentions
     • hierarchy

     Defence
     • few, large projects
     • safety                Reality
     • embedded software
                                          Author
     CMMI Team
     • experience                      Exegesis
     • frustrations                “what did it mean?”
19
Exegesis and hermeneutics
     What is my vision on     Perception        Choices
     mature organisations?    World view       Intentions

     • positive experience
     • education

     What is my “political”   Reality
     aspiration?
                                           Author
     • CMU faculties
     • personal ambitions
     •…                                 Exegesis
                                    “what did it mean?”
20
Exegesis and hermeneutics
                                 Dutch culture
 Perception         Choices
 World view        Intentions    • anti-authoritarian
                                 • consensus

                                 Services-economy
                                 • smaller projects
                      Adoption
                                 Personal experience
        Reader                   • matrix organisation
                                 • leadership
         Hermeneutics            • drop back in level
      “what does it mean?”

21
Perception         Choices
     World view        Intentions
                                     Achieve business goals
                                     • better, faster, cheaper
                                     • better work environment
                                     • learning organisation
                          Adoption

            Reader
                                     Level hunting
                                     Carier for SPI officer
             Hermeneutics
                                     Revenue for SPI consultant
          “what does it mean?”


22
A worked example
     • PMC SP 1.6 - Conduct Progress Reviews
      • Regularly communicate status on assigned activities and work products
        to relevant stakeholders. …

      • Review the results of collecting and analyzing measures for controlling
        the project. …

      • Identify and document significant issues and deviations from the plan.
      • Document change requests and problems identified in any of the work
        products and processes.

      • Document the results of the reviews.
      • Track change requests and problem reports to closure.
23
Exegesis and hermeneutics
     Perception        Choices     Perception         Choices
     World view       Intentions   World view        Intentions




     Reality                                            Adoption

                  Author                  Reader


               Exegesis                    Hermeneutics
           “what did it mean?”          “what does it mean?”

24
Exegesis and hermeneutics
                               Perception        Choices
 American culture              World view       Intentions
 • plan driven
 • individualistic

 • Large, multi-site project
 • No automatic overview       Reality

                                            Author
 Meetings and reports are
 really needed
                                         Exegesis
                                     “what did it mean?”
25
Exegesis and hermeneutics
     What is my vision on     Perception        Choices
     mature organisations?    World view       Intentions

     • positive experience
     • education

     What is my “political”   Reality
     aspiration?
                                           Author
     • CMU faculties
     • personal ambitions
     •…                                 Exegesis
                                    “what did it mean?”
26
Exegesis and hermeneutics
 Perception         Choices
                                 Dutch culture
 World view        Intentions
                                 • frequent informal
                                   meetings
                                 • open door policy
                                 • limited hierarchy
                                 • feminine culture
                      Adoption

        Reader                   • Small projects: 3 man,
                                   1 room
                                 • running list of action
         Hermeneutics
      “what does it mean?”         points

27
Perception         Choices
     World view        Intentions
                                     Achieve business goals
                                     • better, faster, cheaper
                                     • better work environment
                                     • learning organisation
                          Adoption

            Reader
                                     Level hunting
                                     Carier for SPI officer
             Hermeneutics
                                     Plug my tracker tool
          “what does it mean?”


28
Contents
     Experience
     Hofstede
     Application to CMMI
     Analysis of text
     Conclusions


29
Conclusions


     •   Models compensate for cultural patterns
     •   Be aware when transferring models across
         cultures




30
In one sentence

     Something is not true because it is in CMMI,
                         but
       something is in CMMI because it is true
             in the original context


31

More Related Content

What's hot

Consciousness management the missing dimension of modern management
Consciousness management the missing dimension of modern managementConsciousness management the missing dimension of modern management
Consciousness management the missing dimension of modern managementSandeep Gupta
 
Gestalt methodolgies in organisation research
Gestalt methodolgies in organisation researchGestalt methodolgies in organisation research
Gestalt methodolgies in organisation researchasg03
 
Human side of The Project Economy - PMI Ghana Oct 2020
Human side of The Project Economy - PMI Ghana Oct 2020Human side of The Project Economy - PMI Ghana Oct 2020
Human side of The Project Economy - PMI Ghana Oct 2020Thomas Walenta, PMI Fellow
 
Critical thinking university success international
Critical thinking university success internationalCritical thinking university success international
Critical thinking university success internationalSteven Rogers
 
Rekha.anil
Rekha.anilRekha.anil
Rekha.anilNASAPMC
 

What's hot (6)

Consciousness management the missing dimension of modern management
Consciousness management the missing dimension of modern managementConsciousness management the missing dimension of modern management
Consciousness management the missing dimension of modern management
 
Diploma of community services coordination
Diploma of community services coordinationDiploma of community services coordination
Diploma of community services coordination
 
Gestalt methodolgies in organisation research
Gestalt methodolgies in organisation researchGestalt methodolgies in organisation research
Gestalt methodolgies in organisation research
 
Human side of The Project Economy - PMI Ghana Oct 2020
Human side of The Project Economy - PMI Ghana Oct 2020Human side of The Project Economy - PMI Ghana Oct 2020
Human side of The Project Economy - PMI Ghana Oct 2020
 
Critical thinking university success international
Critical thinking university success internationalCritical thinking university success international
Critical thinking university success international
 
Rekha.anil
Rekha.anilRekha.anil
Rekha.anil
 

Viewers also liked

CMMI and Agile - Anglo-American and The Rhineland Way
CMMI and Agile - Anglo-American and The Rhineland WayCMMI and Agile - Anglo-American and The Rhineland Way
CMMI and Agile - Anglo-American and The Rhineland WayAndré Heijstek
 
CMMI and Agile - Anglo-American and The Rhineland Way
CMMI and Agile - Anglo-American and The Rhineland WayCMMI and Agile - Anglo-American and The Rhineland Way
CMMI and Agile - Anglo-American and The Rhineland WayAndré Heijstek
 
Plenair feb 2011 cmmi 1.3
Plenair feb 2011 cmmi 1.3Plenair feb 2011 cmmi 1.3
Plenair feb 2011 cmmi 1.3André Heijstek
 
Cmmi constellations.pptx
Cmmi constellations.pptxCmmi constellations.pptx
Cmmi constellations.pptxAndré Heijstek
 
Daniel Raible Engineering Portfolio
Daniel Raible Engineering PortfolioDaniel Raible Engineering Portfolio
Daniel Raible Engineering Portfoliodanielraible
 

Viewers also liked (9)

Meten Van Procesadoptie
Meten Van ProcesadoptieMeten Van Procesadoptie
Meten Van Procesadoptie
 
CMMI and Agile - Anglo-American and The Rhineland Way
CMMI and Agile - Anglo-American and The Rhineland WayCMMI and Agile - Anglo-American and The Rhineland Way
CMMI and Agile - Anglo-American and The Rhineland Way
 
CMMI and Agile - Anglo-American and The Rhineland Way
CMMI and Agile - Anglo-American and The Rhineland WayCMMI and Agile - Anglo-American and The Rhineland Way
CMMI and Agile - Anglo-American and The Rhineland Way
 
Interpretatie van CMMI
Interpretatie van CMMIInterpretatie van CMMI
Interpretatie van CMMI
 
Plenair feb 2011 cmmi 1.3
Plenair feb 2011 cmmi 1.3Plenair feb 2011 cmmi 1.3
Plenair feb 2011 cmmi 1.3
 
Cmmi constellations.pptx
Cmmi constellations.pptxCmmi constellations.pptx
Cmmi constellations.pptx
 
Agile intro module 4
Agile intro   module 4Agile intro   module 4
Agile intro module 4
 
Daniel Raible Engineering Portfolio
Daniel Raible Engineering PortfolioDaniel Raible Engineering Portfolio
Daniel Raible Engineering Portfolio
 
Agile intro module 2
Agile intro   module 2Agile intro   module 2
Agile intro module 2
 

Similar to The culture of cmmi

Creating Collaborative Cultures
Creating Collaborative CulturesCreating Collaborative Cultures
Creating Collaborative CulturesBernice Moore, PhD
 
Cross cultural management
Cross cultural managementCross cultural management
Cross cultural managementMingsheng Li
 
Lisa Sahulka - Leadership and-administrative-dynamics-sixthandseventhclass
Lisa Sahulka - Leadership and-administrative-dynamics-sixthandseventhclassLisa Sahulka - Leadership and-administrative-dynamics-sixthandseventhclass
Lisa Sahulka - Leadership and-administrative-dynamics-sixthandseventhclassSouthern Poverty Law Center
 
Public lecture da vinci upload
Public lecture da vinci uploadPublic lecture da vinci upload
Public lecture da vinci uploadDr Rica Viljoen
 
niscpypintro2012
niscpypintro2012niscpypintro2012
niscpypintro2012pypnat
 
Knowledge and praxis research
Knowledge and praxis researchKnowledge and praxis research
Knowledge and praxis researchAmanda Carr
 
2012 pyp for parents
2012 pyp for parents2012 pyp for parents
2012 pyp for parentsatomikey
 
Global project management
Global project managementGlobal project management
Global project managementgliakeas69
 
Developing Organisational Wisdom – how do developers respond?
Developing Organisational Wisdom – how do developers respond?Developing Organisational Wisdom – how do developers respond?
Developing Organisational Wisdom – how do developers respond?Staff Development Forum
 
Communicating Vision and Value
Communicating Vision and ValueCommunicating Vision and Value
Communicating Vision and Value4Good.org
 
Ch1 theory and research unit 1
Ch1 theory and research unit 1Ch1 theory and research unit 1
Ch1 theory and research unit 1Thabang Mmola
 
Chris Jansen (www.Ideacreation.org) - "Seeding innovation through adaptive le...
Chris Jansen (www.Ideacreation.org) - "Seeding innovation through adaptive le...Chris Jansen (www.Ideacreation.org) - "Seeding innovation through adaptive le...
Chris Jansen (www.Ideacreation.org) - "Seeding innovation through adaptive le...Chris Jansen
 
Clergy Conference 2012 presentation by Archbishop Colin Johnson
Clergy Conference 2012 presentation by Archbishop Colin JohnsonClergy Conference 2012 presentation by Archbishop Colin Johnson
Clergy Conference 2012 presentation by Archbishop Colin JohnsonAnglican Diocese of Toronto
 
paradigms-190305093939 (1).pdf
paradigms-190305093939 (1).pdfparadigms-190305093939 (1).pdf
paradigms-190305093939 (1).pdfssuser31c469
 
Management And Organizational Development
Management And Organizational DevelopmentManagement And Organizational Development
Management And Organizational DevelopmentAzman Hj. Ayup
 
Michael Woolcock - Pare Pense 2012
Michael Woolcock - Pare Pense 2012Michael Woolcock - Pare Pense 2012
Michael Woolcock - Pare Pense 2012parepense
 
Backward design for course development
Backward design for course developmentBackward design for course development
Backward design for course developmentsarah_j_cox
 

Similar to The culture of cmmi (20)

Creating Collaborative Cultures
Creating Collaborative CulturesCreating Collaborative Cultures
Creating Collaborative Cultures
 
Cross cultural management
Cross cultural managementCross cultural management
Cross cultural management
 
Lisa Sahulka - Leadership and-administrative-dynamics-sixthandseventhclass
Lisa Sahulka - Leadership and-administrative-dynamics-sixthandseventhclassLisa Sahulka - Leadership and-administrative-dynamics-sixthandseventhclass
Lisa Sahulka - Leadership and-administrative-dynamics-sixthandseventhclass
 
Communication skill
Communication skill Communication skill
Communication skill
 
Public lecture da vinci upload
Public lecture da vinci uploadPublic lecture da vinci upload
Public lecture da vinci upload
 
niscpypintro2012
niscpypintro2012niscpypintro2012
niscpypintro2012
 
Knowledge and praxis research
Knowledge and praxis researchKnowledge and praxis research
Knowledge and praxis research
 
2012 pyp for parents
2012 pyp for parents2012 pyp for parents
2012 pyp for parents
 
Global project management
Global project managementGlobal project management
Global project management
 
Developing Organisational Wisdom – how do developers respond?
Developing Organisational Wisdom – how do developers respond?Developing Organisational Wisdom – how do developers respond?
Developing Organisational Wisdom – how do developers respond?
 
Communicating Vision and Value
Communicating Vision and ValueCommunicating Vision and Value
Communicating Vision and Value
 
Ch1 theory and research unit 1
Ch1 theory and research unit 1Ch1 theory and research unit 1
Ch1 theory and research unit 1
 
Chris Jansen (www.Ideacreation.org) - "Seeding innovation through adaptive le...
Chris Jansen (www.Ideacreation.org) - "Seeding innovation through adaptive le...Chris Jansen (www.Ideacreation.org) - "Seeding innovation through adaptive le...
Chris Jansen (www.Ideacreation.org) - "Seeding innovation through adaptive le...
 
Clergy Conference 2012 presentation by Archbishop Colin Johnson
Clergy Conference 2012 presentation by Archbishop Colin JohnsonClergy Conference 2012 presentation by Archbishop Colin Johnson
Clergy Conference 2012 presentation by Archbishop Colin Johnson
 
paradigms-190305093939 (1).pdf
paradigms-190305093939 (1).pdfparadigms-190305093939 (1).pdf
paradigms-190305093939 (1).pdf
 
Paradigms
ParadigmsParadigms
Paradigms
 
Management And Organizational Development
Management And Organizational DevelopmentManagement And Organizational Development
Management And Organizational Development
 
Michael Woolcock - Pare Pense 2012
Michael Woolcock - Pare Pense 2012Michael Woolcock - Pare Pense 2012
Michael Woolcock - Pare Pense 2012
 
Backward design for course development
Backward design for course developmentBackward design for course development
Backward design for course development
 
Values as Pillars
Values as PillarsValues as Pillars
Values as Pillars
 

More from André Heijstek (20)

Agile intro module 3
Agile intro   module 3Agile intro   module 3
Agile intro module 3
 
Agile intro module 2
Agile intro   module 2Agile intro   module 2
Agile intro module 2
 
Agile intro module 1
Agile intro   module 1Agile intro   module 1
Agile intro module 1
 
Agile intro module 0
Agile intro   module 0Agile intro   module 0
Agile intro module 0
 
Open space
Open spaceOpen space
Open space
 
Is Scrum de opvolger van Prince2?
Is Scrum de opvolger van Prince2?Is Scrum de opvolger van Prince2?
Is Scrum de opvolger van Prince2?
 
Agile intro module 4
Agile intro   module 4Agile intro   module 4
Agile intro module 4
 
Agile intro module 1
Agile intro   module 1Agile intro   module 1
Agile intro module 1
 
Agile intro module 3
Agile intro   module 3Agile intro   module 3
Agile intro module 3
 
Agile intro module 2
Agile intro   module 2Agile intro   module 2
Agile intro module 2
 
Agile intro module 1
Agile intro   module 1Agile intro   module 1
Agile intro module 1
 
Agile intro module 3
Agile intro   module 3Agile intro   module 3
Agile intro module 3
 
Agile intro module 3
Agile intro   module 3Agile intro   module 3
Agile intro module 3
 
Cmmi and agile
Cmmi and agileCmmi and agile
Cmmi and agile
 
Cmmi and agile
Cmmi and agileCmmi and agile
Cmmi and agile
 
Scrum checklist
Scrum checklistScrum checklist
Scrum checklist
 
If boekbesprekingen
If boekbesprekingenIf boekbesprekingen
If boekbesprekingen
 
Agile estimating and planning
Agile estimating and planningAgile estimating and planning
Agile estimating and planning
 
Agile requirements
Agile requirementsAgile requirements
Agile requirements
 
Cmmi constellations
Cmmi constellationsCmmi constellations
Cmmi constellations
 

Recently uploaded

Asli amil baba in Karachi asli amil baba in Lahore
Asli amil baba in Karachi asli amil baba in LahoreAsli amil baba in Karachi asli amil baba in Lahore
Asli amil baba in Karachi asli amil baba in Lahoreamil baba kala jadu
 
Understanding Jainism Beliefs and Information.pptx
Understanding Jainism Beliefs and Information.pptxUnderstanding Jainism Beliefs and Information.pptx
Understanding Jainism Beliefs and Information.pptxjainismworldseo
 
black magic specialist amil baba pakistan no 1 Black magic contact number rea...
black magic specialist amil baba pakistan no 1 Black magic contact number rea...black magic specialist amil baba pakistan no 1 Black magic contact number rea...
black magic specialist amil baba pakistan no 1 Black magic contact number rea...Amil Baba Mangal Maseeh
 
Topmost Kala ilam expert in UK Or Black magic specialist in UK Or Black magic...
Topmost Kala ilam expert in UK Or Black magic specialist in UK Or Black magic...Topmost Kala ilam expert in UK Or Black magic specialist in UK Or Black magic...
Topmost Kala ilam expert in UK Or Black magic specialist in UK Or Black magic...baharayali
 
Unity is Strength 2024 Peace Haggadah_For Digital Viewing.pdf
Unity is Strength 2024 Peace Haggadah_For Digital Viewing.pdfUnity is Strength 2024 Peace Haggadah_For Digital Viewing.pdf
Unity is Strength 2024 Peace Haggadah_For Digital Viewing.pdfRebeccaSealfon
 
No.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Karachi
No.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in KarachiNo.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Karachi
No.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in KarachiAmil Baba Mangal Maseeh
 
Asli amil baba near you 100%kala ilm ka mahir
Asli amil baba near you 100%kala ilm ka mahirAsli amil baba near you 100%kala ilm ka mahir
Asli amil baba near you 100%kala ilm ka mahirAmil Baba Mangal Maseeh
 
The Chronological Life of Christ part 097 (Reality Check Luke 13 1-9).pptx
The Chronological Life of Christ part 097 (Reality Check Luke 13 1-9).pptxThe Chronological Life of Christ part 097 (Reality Check Luke 13 1-9).pptx
The Chronological Life of Christ part 097 (Reality Check Luke 13 1-9).pptxNetwork Bible Fellowship
 
No.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Karachi
No.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in KarachiNo.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Karachi
No.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in KarachiAmil Baba Naveed Bangali
 
Dubai Call Girls Skinny Mandy O525547819 Call Girls Dubai
Dubai Call Girls Skinny Mandy O525547819 Call Girls DubaiDubai Call Girls Skinny Mandy O525547819 Call Girls Dubai
Dubai Call Girls Skinny Mandy O525547819 Call Girls Dubaikojalkojal131
 
Study of the Psalms Chapter 1 verse 1 by wanderean
Study of the Psalms Chapter 1 verse 1 by wandereanStudy of the Psalms Chapter 1 verse 1 by wanderean
Study of the Psalms Chapter 1 verse 1 by wandereanmaricelcanoynuay
 
No.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Karachi
No.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in KarachiNo.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Karachi
No.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in KarachiAmil Baba Naveed Bangali
 
Asli amil baba in Karachi Pakistan and best astrologer Black magic specialist
Asli amil baba in Karachi Pakistan and best astrologer Black magic specialistAsli amil baba in Karachi Pakistan and best astrologer Black magic specialist
Asli amil baba in Karachi Pakistan and best astrologer Black magic specialistAmil Baba Mangal Maseeh
 
No 1 astrologer amil baba in Canada Usa astrologer in Canada
No 1 astrologer amil baba in Canada Usa astrologer in CanadaNo 1 astrologer amil baba in Canada Usa astrologer in Canada
No 1 astrologer amil baba in Canada Usa astrologer in CanadaAmil Baba Mangal Maseeh
 
Seerah un nabi Muhammad Quiz Part-1.pdf
Seerah un nabi  Muhammad Quiz Part-1.pdfSeerah un nabi  Muhammad Quiz Part-1.pdf
Seerah un nabi Muhammad Quiz Part-1.pdfAnsariB1
 
Monthly Khazina-e-Ruhaniyaat April’2024 (Vol.14, Issue 12)
Monthly Khazina-e-Ruhaniyaat April’2024 (Vol.14, Issue 12)Monthly Khazina-e-Ruhaniyaat April’2024 (Vol.14, Issue 12)
Monthly Khazina-e-Ruhaniyaat April’2024 (Vol.14, Issue 12)Darul Amal Chishtia
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Asli amil baba in Karachi asli amil baba in Lahore
Asli amil baba in Karachi asli amil baba in LahoreAsli amil baba in Karachi asli amil baba in Lahore
Asli amil baba in Karachi asli amil baba in Lahore
 
Understanding Jainism Beliefs and Information.pptx
Understanding Jainism Beliefs and Information.pptxUnderstanding Jainism Beliefs and Information.pptx
Understanding Jainism Beliefs and Information.pptx
 
black magic specialist amil baba pakistan no 1 Black magic contact number rea...
black magic specialist amil baba pakistan no 1 Black magic contact number rea...black magic specialist amil baba pakistan no 1 Black magic contact number rea...
black magic specialist amil baba pakistan no 1 Black magic contact number rea...
 
Topmost Kala ilam expert in UK Or Black magic specialist in UK Or Black magic...
Topmost Kala ilam expert in UK Or Black magic specialist in UK Or Black magic...Topmost Kala ilam expert in UK Or Black magic specialist in UK Or Black magic...
Topmost Kala ilam expert in UK Or Black magic specialist in UK Or Black magic...
 
Unity is Strength 2024 Peace Haggadah_For Digital Viewing.pdf
Unity is Strength 2024 Peace Haggadah_For Digital Viewing.pdfUnity is Strength 2024 Peace Haggadah_For Digital Viewing.pdf
Unity is Strength 2024 Peace Haggadah_For Digital Viewing.pdf
 
No.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Karachi
No.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in KarachiNo.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Karachi
No.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Karachi
 
Asli amil baba near you 100%kala ilm ka mahir
Asli amil baba near you 100%kala ilm ka mahirAsli amil baba near you 100%kala ilm ka mahir
Asli amil baba near you 100%kala ilm ka mahir
 
🔝9953056974 🔝young Delhi Escort service Vinay Nagar
🔝9953056974 🔝young Delhi Escort service Vinay Nagar🔝9953056974 🔝young Delhi Escort service Vinay Nagar
🔝9953056974 🔝young Delhi Escort service Vinay Nagar
 
The Chronological Life of Christ part 097 (Reality Check Luke 13 1-9).pptx
The Chronological Life of Christ part 097 (Reality Check Luke 13 1-9).pptxThe Chronological Life of Christ part 097 (Reality Check Luke 13 1-9).pptx
The Chronological Life of Christ part 097 (Reality Check Luke 13 1-9).pptx
 
No.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Karachi
No.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in KarachiNo.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Karachi
No.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Karachi
 
Dubai Call Girls Skinny Mandy O525547819 Call Girls Dubai
Dubai Call Girls Skinny Mandy O525547819 Call Girls DubaiDubai Call Girls Skinny Mandy O525547819 Call Girls Dubai
Dubai Call Girls Skinny Mandy O525547819 Call Girls Dubai
 
St. Louise de Marillac: Animator of the Confraternities of Charity
St. Louise de Marillac: Animator of the Confraternities of CharitySt. Louise de Marillac: Animator of the Confraternities of Charity
St. Louise de Marillac: Animator of the Confraternities of Charity
 
Study of the Psalms Chapter 1 verse 1 by wanderean
Study of the Psalms Chapter 1 verse 1 by wandereanStudy of the Psalms Chapter 1 verse 1 by wanderean
Study of the Psalms Chapter 1 verse 1 by wanderean
 
young Call girls in Dwarka sector 3🔝 9953056974 🔝 Delhi escort Service
young Call girls in Dwarka sector 3🔝 9953056974 🔝 Delhi escort Serviceyoung Call girls in Dwarka sector 3🔝 9953056974 🔝 Delhi escort Service
young Call girls in Dwarka sector 3🔝 9953056974 🔝 Delhi escort Service
 
No.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Karachi
No.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in KarachiNo.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Karachi
No.1 Amil baba in Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Karachi
 
Asli amil baba in Karachi Pakistan and best astrologer Black magic specialist
Asli amil baba in Karachi Pakistan and best astrologer Black magic specialistAsli amil baba in Karachi Pakistan and best astrologer Black magic specialist
Asli amil baba in Karachi Pakistan and best astrologer Black magic specialist
 
No 1 astrologer amil baba in Canada Usa astrologer in Canada
No 1 astrologer amil baba in Canada Usa astrologer in CanadaNo 1 astrologer amil baba in Canada Usa astrologer in Canada
No 1 astrologer amil baba in Canada Usa astrologer in Canada
 
Seerah un nabi Muhammad Quiz Part-1.pdf
Seerah un nabi  Muhammad Quiz Part-1.pdfSeerah un nabi  Muhammad Quiz Part-1.pdf
Seerah un nabi Muhammad Quiz Part-1.pdf
 
Monthly Khazina-e-Ruhaniyaat April’2024 (Vol.14, Issue 12)
Monthly Khazina-e-Ruhaniyaat April’2024 (Vol.14, Issue 12)Monthly Khazina-e-Ruhaniyaat April’2024 (Vol.14, Issue 12)
Monthly Khazina-e-Ruhaniyaat April’2024 (Vol.14, Issue 12)
 
Top 8 Krishna Bhajan Lyrics in English.pdf
Top 8 Krishna Bhajan Lyrics in English.pdfTop 8 Krishna Bhajan Lyrics in English.pdf
Top 8 Krishna Bhajan Lyrics in English.pdf
 

The culture of cmmi

  • 1. The Culture of CMMI Understanding and implementing CMMI in different cultures
  • 2. Contents Experience Hofstede Application to CMMI Analysis of text Conclusions 2
  • 3. Experience Netherlands Estimation Sheet Germany Estimation Model Sweden Consensus USA Quick decisions South Korea Truth in pub only India Draft Findings Presentation 3
  • 4. Contents Experience Hofstede Application to CMMI Analysis of text Conclusions 4
  • 5. even an iPhone app! 5
  • 6. The Five Dimensions PDI Power Distance IND Individuality MAS Masculinity UAI Uncertainty Avoidance LTO Long Term Orientation 6
  • 7. Power Distance • How much the less powerful members of institutions and organizations expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. • In cultures with small power distance (e.g. Australia, Austria, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand), people expect and accept power relations that are more consultative or democratic. People relate to one another more as equals regardless of formal positions. Subordinates are more comfortable with and demand the right to contribute to and critique the decisions of those in power. In cultures with large power distance (e.g. Malaysia), the less powerful accept power relations that are autocratic or paternalistic. Subordinates acknowledge the power of others based on their formal, hierarchical positions. • Thus, Small vs. Large Power Distance does not measure or attempt to measure a culture's objective, "real" power distribution, but rather the way people perceive power differences.. 7
  • 8. Individuality • How much members of the culture define themselves apart from their group memberships. • In individualist cultures, people are expected to develop and display their individual personalities and to choose their own affiliations. In collectivist cultures, people are defined and act mostly as a member of a long-term group, such as the family, a religious group, an age cohort, a town, or a profession, among others. This dimension was found to move towards the individualist end of the spectrum with increasing national wealth 8
  • 9. Masculinity • The value placed on traditionally male or female values (as understood in most Western cultures). In so-called 'masculine' cultures, people (whether male or female) value competitiveness, assertiveness, ambition, and the accumulation of wealth and material possessions. In so- called 'feminine' cultures, people (again whether male or female) value relationships and quality of life. • This dimension is often renamed by users of Hofstede's work, e.g. to Quantity of Life vs. Quality of Life 9
  • 10. Uncertainty avoidance • What is different is dangerous • How much members of a society are anxious about the unknown, and as a consequence, attempt to cope with anxiety by minimizing uncertainty. In cultures with strong uncertainty avoidance, people prefer explicit rules (e.g. about religion and food) and formally structured activities, and employees tend to remain longer with their present employer. In cultures with weak uncertainty avoidance, people prefer implicit or flexible rules or guidelines and informal activities. Employees tend to change employers more frequently 10
  • 11. Long Term Orientation • A society's "time horizon," or the importance attached to the future versus the past and present. In long term oriented societies, people value actions and attitudes that affect the future: persistence/perseverance, thrift, and shame. In short term oriented societies, people value actions and attitudes that are affected by the past or the present: normative statements, immediate stability, protecting one's own face, respect for tradition, andreciprocation of greetings, favors, and gifts. 11
  • 12. 110 Some numbers 83 55 28 0 PDI IDV MAS UAI LTO Netherlands Spain Portugal France Germany Russia Great Britain United States 12
  • 13. CMMI is an american model 13
  • 15. Contents Experience Hofstede Application to CMMI Analysis of text Conclusions 15
  • 16. Analysis of text Lessons from philosophy and theology 16
  • 17. Interpreting texts • ex·e·ge·sis • to explain, interpret • What it meant – in the original context • her·me·neu·tic • 1: the study of the methodological principles of interpretation (as of the Bible) 2 : a method or principle of interpretation • What it means – in the current context 17
  • 18. Exegesis and hermeneutics Perception Choices Perception Choices World view Intentions World view Intentions Reality Adoption Author Reader Exegesis Hermeneutics “what did it mean?” “what does it mean?” 18
  • 19. Exegesis and hermeneutics American culture • plan driven Perception Choices World view Intentions • hierarchy Defence • few, large projects • safety Reality • embedded software Author CMMI Team • experience Exegesis • frustrations “what did it mean?” 19
  • 20. Exegesis and hermeneutics What is my vision on Perception Choices mature organisations? World view Intentions • positive experience • education What is my “political” Reality aspiration? Author • CMU faculties • personal ambitions •… Exegesis “what did it mean?” 20
  • 21. Exegesis and hermeneutics Dutch culture Perception Choices World view Intentions • anti-authoritarian • consensus Services-economy • smaller projects Adoption Personal experience Reader • matrix organisation • leadership Hermeneutics • drop back in level “what does it mean?” 21
  • 22. Perception Choices World view Intentions Achieve business goals • better, faster, cheaper • better work environment • learning organisation Adoption Reader Level hunting Carier for SPI officer Hermeneutics Revenue for SPI consultant “what does it mean?” 22
  • 23. A worked example • PMC SP 1.6 - Conduct Progress Reviews • Regularly communicate status on assigned activities and work products to relevant stakeholders. … • Review the results of collecting and analyzing measures for controlling the project. … • Identify and document significant issues and deviations from the plan. • Document change requests and problems identified in any of the work products and processes. • Document the results of the reviews. • Track change requests and problem reports to closure. 23
  • 24. Exegesis and hermeneutics Perception Choices Perception Choices World view Intentions World view Intentions Reality Adoption Author Reader Exegesis Hermeneutics “what did it mean?” “what does it mean?” 24
  • 25. Exegesis and hermeneutics Perception Choices American culture World view Intentions • plan driven • individualistic • Large, multi-site project • No automatic overview Reality Author Meetings and reports are really needed Exegesis “what did it mean?” 25
  • 26. Exegesis and hermeneutics What is my vision on Perception Choices mature organisations? World view Intentions • positive experience • education What is my “political” Reality aspiration? Author • CMU faculties • personal ambitions •… Exegesis “what did it mean?” 26
  • 27. Exegesis and hermeneutics Perception Choices Dutch culture World view Intentions • frequent informal meetings • open door policy • limited hierarchy • feminine culture Adoption Reader • Small projects: 3 man, 1 room • running list of action Hermeneutics “what does it mean?” points 27
  • 28. Perception Choices World view Intentions Achieve business goals • better, faster, cheaper • better work environment • learning organisation Adoption Reader Level hunting Carier for SPI officer Hermeneutics Plug my tracker tool “what does it mean?” 28
  • 29. Contents Experience Hofstede Application to CMMI Analysis of text Conclusions 29
  • 30. Conclusions • Models compensate for cultural patterns • Be aware when transferring models across cultures 30
  • 31. In one sentence Something is not true because it is in CMMI, but something is in CMMI because it is true in the original context 31

Editor's Notes

  1. Power Distance Index that is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. It suggests that a society's level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders. Power and inequality, of course, are extremely fundamental facts of any society and anybody with some international experience will be aware that 'all societies are unequal, but some are more unequal than others'.
  2. Individualism on the one side versus its opposite, collectivism, that is the degree to which individuals are inte-grated into groups. On the individualist side we find societies in which the ties between individuals are loose: everyone is expected to look after him/herself and his/her immediate family. On the collectivist side, we find societies in which people from birth onwards are integrated into strong, cohesive in-groups, often extended families (with uncles, aunts and grandparents) which continue protecting them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty. The word 'collectivism' in this sense has no political meaning: it refers to the group, not to the state. Again, the issue addressed by this dimension is an extremely fundamental one, regarding all societies in the world.
  3. Masculinity versus its opposite, femininity, refers to the distribution of roles between the genders which is another fundamental issue for any society to which a range of solutions are found. The IBM studies revealed that (a) women's values differ less among societies than men's values; (b) men's values from one country to another contain a dimension from very assertive and competitive and maximally different from women's values on the one side, to modest and caring and similar to women's values on the other. The assertive pole has been called 'masculine' and the modest, caring pole 'feminine'. The women in feminine countries have the same modest, caring values as the men; in the masculine countries they are somewhat assertive and competitive, but not as much as the men, so that these countries show a gap between men's values and women's values.
  4. Uncertainty Avoidance Index deals with a society's tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity; it ultimately refers to man's search for Truth. It indicates to what extent a culture programs its members to feel either uncomfortable or comfortable in unstructured situations. Unstructured situations are novel, unknown, surprising, different from usual. Uncertainty avoiding cultures try to minimize the possibility of such situations by strict laws and rules, safety and security measures, and on the philosophical and religious level by a belief in absolute Truth; 'there can only be one Truth and we have it'. People in uncertainty avoiding countries are also more emotional, and motivated by inner nervous energy. The opposite type, uncertainty accepting cultures, are more tolerant of opinions different from what they are used to; they try to have as few rules as possible, and on the philosophical and religious level they are relativist and allow many currents to flow side by side. People within these cultures are more phlegmatic and contemplative, and not expected by their environment to express emotions.
  5. Long-Term Orientation versus short-term orientation: this fifth dimension was found in a study among students in 23 countries around the world, using a questionnaire designed by Chinese scholars It can be said to deal with Virtue regardless of Truth. Values associated with Long Term Orientation are thrift and perseverance; values associated with Short Term Orientation are respect for tradition, fulfilling social obligations, and protecting one's 'face'. Both the positively and the negatively rated values of this dimension are found in the teachings of Confucius, the most influential Chinese philosopher who lived around 500 B.C.; however, the dimension also applies to countries without a Confucian heritage.
  6. Implications on CMMI: IDV - roles and responsibilities are assumed to be assigned to individuals IDV - tasks are assumed to be assigned to individuals MAS - managers are assumed to take leadership, manage and control LTO – low LTO needs to be compensated for in plans and strategies PDI – low PDI needs to be compensated for in authority by role, and backing by senior management IDV – low IDV needs to be compensated for, team work (IPPD) does not come automatically
  7. High PDI – so less control needed Low IDV – group think Low MAS Very high UAI – the longest risk lists in world? (Second rank after Greece)
  8. Als een auteur een geschiedenis beschrijft, dan begint dat met zijn perceptie van die geschiedenis. Afhankelijk van zijn wereldbeeld heeft hij meer/minder oog voor bepaalde zaken, bijv. Lucas de arts heeft veel meer oog voor de wonderen die Jezus deed dan de andere evangelisten. Veel dingen die in die tijd normaal waren worden niet beschreven of slechts kort aangestipt. Bijvoorbeeld de positie van een hereboer in “de verloren zoon”. Dan beschrijft de auteur het verhaal. Daarbij maakt hij keuzes. Op sommige zaken wil hij bewust de nadruk leggen, andere zaken laat hij weg. De lezer heeft zijn wereldbeeld. Dat is natuurlijk - na enkele duizenden jaren - geheel anders dan dat van de auteur. Met dit wereldbeeld wordt de tekst gelezen en geinterpreteeerd. Na interpretatie kan de gelovige dan Gods woord in de praktijk brengen. De ongeschoolde lezer pakt vaak gewoon de tekst op, interpreteert die, en gaat ermee aan de slag. Hieraan is wel het risico van misinterpretatie verbonden. De theologische wetenschap zegt dat we de interpretatie in 2 stappen moeten uitvoeren. Eerst exegese, dan hermeneutiek.
  9. Als een auteur een geschiedenis beschrijft, dan begint dat met zijn perceptie van die geschiedenis. Afhankelijk van zijn wereldbeeld heeft hij meer/minder oog voor bepaalde zaken, bijv. Lucas de arts heeft veel meer oog voor de wonderen die Jezus deed dan de andere evangelisten. Veel dingen die in die tijd normaal waren worden niet beschreven of slechts kort aangestipt. Bijvoorbeeld de positie van een hereboer in “de verloren zoon”. Dan beschrijft de auteur het verhaal. Daarbij maakt hij keuzes. Op sommige zaken wil hij bewust de nadruk leggen, andere zaken laat hij weg. De lezer heeft zijn wereldbeeld. Dat is natuurlijk - na enkele duizenden jaren - geheel anders dan dat van de auteur. Met dit wereldbeeld wordt de tekst gelezen en geinterpreteeerd. Na interpretatie kan de gelovige dan Gods woord in de praktijk brengen. De ongeschoolde lezer pakt vaak gewoon de tekst op, interpreteert die, en gaat ermee aan de slag. Hieraan is wel het risico van misinterpretatie verbonden. De theologische wetenschap zegt dat we de interpretatie in 2 stappen moeten uitvoeren. Eerst exegese, dan hermeneutiek.
  10. Als een auteur een geschiedenis beschrijft, dan begint dat met zijn perceptie van die geschiedenis. Afhankelijk van zijn wereldbeeld heeft hij meer/minder oog voor bepaalde zaken, bijv. Lucas de arts heeft veel meer oog voor de wonderen die Jezus deed dan de andere evangelisten. Veel dingen die in die tijd normaal waren worden niet beschreven of slechts kort aangestipt. Bijvoorbeeld de positie van een hereboer in “de verloren zoon”. Dan beschrijft de auteur het verhaal. Daarbij maakt hij keuzes. Op sommige zaken wil hij bewust de nadruk leggen, andere zaken laat hij weg. De lezer heeft zijn wereldbeeld. Dat is natuurlijk - na enkele duizenden jaren - geheel anders dan dat van de auteur. Met dit wereldbeeld wordt de tekst gelezen en geinterpreteeerd. Na interpretatie kan de gelovige dan Gods woord in de praktijk brengen. De ongeschoolde lezer pakt vaak gewoon de tekst op, interpreteert die, en gaat ermee aan de slag. Hieraan is wel het risico van misinterpretatie verbonden. De theologische wetenschap zegt dat we de interpretatie in 2 stappen moeten uitvoeren. Eerst exegese, dan hermeneutiek.
  11. Als een auteur een geschiedenis beschrijft, dan begint dat met zijn perceptie van die geschiedenis. Afhankelijk van zijn wereldbeeld heeft hij meer/minder oog voor bepaalde zaken, bijv. Lucas de arts heeft veel meer oog voor de wonderen die Jezus deed dan de andere evangelisten. Veel dingen die in die tijd normaal waren worden niet beschreven of slechts kort aangestipt. Bijvoorbeeld de positie van een hereboer in “de verloren zoon”. Dan beschrijft de auteur het verhaal. Daarbij maakt hij keuzes. Op sommige zaken wil hij bewust de nadruk leggen, andere zaken laat hij weg. De lezer heeft zijn wereldbeeld. Dat is natuurlijk - na enkele duizenden jaren - geheel anders dan dat van de auteur. Met dit wereldbeeld wordt de tekst gelezen en geinterpreteeerd. Na interpretatie kan de gelovige dan Gods woord in de praktijk brengen. De ongeschoolde lezer pakt vaak gewoon de tekst op, interpreteert die, en gaat ermee aan de slag. Hieraan is wel het risico van misinterpretatie verbonden. De theologische wetenschap zegt dat we de interpretatie in 2 stappen moeten uitvoeren. Eerst exegese, dan hermeneutiek.
  12. Als een auteur een geschiedenis beschrijft, dan begint dat met zijn perceptie van die geschiedenis. Afhankelijk van zijn wereldbeeld heeft hij meer/minder oog voor bepaalde zaken, bijv. Lucas de arts heeft veel meer oog voor de wonderen die Jezus deed dan de andere evangelisten. Veel dingen die in die tijd normaal waren worden niet beschreven of slechts kort aangestipt. Bijvoorbeeld de positie van een hereboer in “de verloren zoon”. Dan beschrijft de auteur het verhaal. Daarbij maakt hij keuzes. Op sommige zaken wil hij bewust de nadruk leggen, andere zaken laat hij weg. De lezer heeft zijn wereldbeeld. Dat is natuurlijk - na enkele duizenden jaren - geheel anders dan dat van de auteur. Met dit wereldbeeld wordt de tekst gelezen en geinterpreteeerd. Na interpretatie kan de gelovige dan Gods woord in de praktijk brengen. De ongeschoolde lezer pakt vaak gewoon de tekst op, interpreteert die, en gaat ermee aan de slag. Hieraan is wel het risico van misinterpretatie verbonden. De theologische wetenschap zegt dat we de interpretatie in 2 stappen moeten uitvoeren. Eerst exegese, dan hermeneutiek.
  13. Als een auteur een geschiedenis beschrijft, dan begint dat met zijn perceptie van die geschiedenis. Afhankelijk van zijn wereldbeeld heeft hij meer/minder oog voor bepaalde zaken, bijv. Lucas de arts heeft veel meer oog voor de wonderen die Jezus deed dan de andere evangelisten. Veel dingen die in die tijd normaal waren worden niet beschreven of slechts kort aangestipt. Bijvoorbeeld de positie van een hereboer in “de verloren zoon”. Dan beschrijft de auteur het verhaal. Daarbij maakt hij keuzes. Op sommige zaken wil hij bewust de nadruk leggen, andere zaken laat hij weg. De lezer heeft zijn wereldbeeld. Dat is natuurlijk - na enkele duizenden jaren - geheel anders dan dat van de auteur. Met dit wereldbeeld wordt de tekst gelezen en geinterpreteeerd. Na interpretatie kan de gelovige dan Gods woord in de praktijk brengen. De ongeschoolde lezer pakt vaak gewoon de tekst op, interpreteert die, en gaat ermee aan de slag. Hieraan is wel het risico van misinterpretatie verbonden. De theologische wetenschap zegt dat we de interpretatie in 2 stappen moeten uitvoeren. Eerst exegese, dan hermeneutiek.
  14. Als een auteur een geschiedenis beschrijft, dan begint dat met zijn perceptie van die geschiedenis. Afhankelijk van zijn wereldbeeld heeft hij meer/minder oog voor bepaalde zaken, bijv. Lucas de arts heeft veel meer oog voor de wonderen die Jezus deed dan de andere evangelisten. Veel dingen die in die tijd normaal waren worden niet beschreven of slechts kort aangestipt. Bijvoorbeeld de positie van een hereboer in “de verloren zoon”. Dan beschrijft de auteur het verhaal. Daarbij maakt hij keuzes. Op sommige zaken wil hij bewust de nadruk leggen, andere zaken laat hij weg. De lezer heeft zijn wereldbeeld. Dat is natuurlijk - na enkele duizenden jaren - geheel anders dan dat van de auteur. Met dit wereldbeeld wordt de tekst gelezen en geinterpreteeerd. Na interpretatie kan de gelovige dan Gods woord in de praktijk brengen. De ongeschoolde lezer pakt vaak gewoon de tekst op, interpreteert die, en gaat ermee aan de slag. Hieraan is wel het risico van misinterpretatie verbonden. De theologische wetenschap zegt dat we de interpretatie in 2 stappen moeten uitvoeren. Eerst exegese, dan hermeneutiek.
  15. Als een auteur een geschiedenis beschrijft, dan begint dat met zijn perceptie van die geschiedenis. Afhankelijk van zijn wereldbeeld heeft hij meer/minder oog voor bepaalde zaken, bijv. Lucas de arts heeft veel meer oog voor de wonderen die Jezus deed dan de andere evangelisten. Veel dingen die in die tijd normaal waren worden niet beschreven of slechts kort aangestipt. Bijvoorbeeld de positie van een hereboer in “de verloren zoon”. Dan beschrijft de auteur het verhaal. Daarbij maakt hij keuzes. Op sommige zaken wil hij bewust de nadruk leggen, andere zaken laat hij weg. De lezer heeft zijn wereldbeeld. Dat is natuurlijk - na enkele duizenden jaren - geheel anders dan dat van de auteur. Met dit wereldbeeld wordt de tekst gelezen en geinterpreteeerd. Na interpretatie kan de gelovige dan Gods woord in de praktijk brengen. De ongeschoolde lezer pakt vaak gewoon de tekst op, interpreteert die, en gaat ermee aan de slag. Hieraan is wel het risico van misinterpretatie verbonden. De theologische wetenschap zegt dat we de interpretatie in 2 stappen moeten uitvoeren. Eerst exegese, dan hermeneutiek.
  16. Als een auteur een geschiedenis beschrijft, dan begint dat met zijn perceptie van die geschiedenis. Afhankelijk van zijn wereldbeeld heeft hij meer/minder oog voor bepaalde zaken, bijv. Lucas de arts heeft veel meer oog voor de wonderen die Jezus deed dan de andere evangelisten. Veel dingen die in die tijd normaal waren worden niet beschreven of slechts kort aangestipt. Bijvoorbeeld de positie van een hereboer in “de verloren zoon”. Dan beschrijft de auteur het verhaal. Daarbij maakt hij keuzes. Op sommige zaken wil hij bewust de nadruk leggen, andere zaken laat hij weg. De lezer heeft zijn wereldbeeld. Dat is natuurlijk - na enkele duizenden jaren - geheel anders dan dat van de auteur. Met dit wereldbeeld wordt de tekst gelezen en geinterpreteeerd. Na interpretatie kan de gelovige dan Gods woord in de praktijk brengen. De ongeschoolde lezer pakt vaak gewoon de tekst op, interpreteert die, en gaat ermee aan de slag. Hieraan is wel het risico van misinterpretatie verbonden. De theologische wetenschap zegt dat we de interpretatie in 2 stappen moeten uitvoeren. Eerst exegese, dan hermeneutiek.
  17. Als een auteur een geschiedenis beschrijft, dan begint dat met zijn perceptie van die geschiedenis. Afhankelijk van zijn wereldbeeld heeft hij meer/minder oog voor bepaalde zaken, bijv. Lucas de arts heeft veel meer oog voor de wonderen die Jezus deed dan de andere evangelisten. Veel dingen die in die tijd normaal waren worden niet beschreven of slechts kort aangestipt. Bijvoorbeeld de positie van een hereboer in “de verloren zoon”. Dan beschrijft de auteur het verhaal. Daarbij maakt hij keuzes. Op sommige zaken wil hij bewust de nadruk leggen, andere zaken laat hij weg. De lezer heeft zijn wereldbeeld. Dat is natuurlijk - na enkele duizenden jaren - geheel anders dan dat van de auteur. Met dit wereldbeeld wordt de tekst gelezen en geinterpreteeerd. Na interpretatie kan de gelovige dan Gods woord in de praktijk brengen. De ongeschoolde lezer pakt vaak gewoon de tekst op, interpreteert die, en gaat ermee aan de slag. Hieraan is wel het risico van misinterpretatie verbonden. De theologische wetenschap zegt dat we de interpretatie in 2 stappen moeten uitvoeren. Eerst exegese, dan hermeneutiek.