SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 66
Peran Antigen NS1 Dengue Untuk  Diagnosis Infeksi Virus Dengue,[object Object],Oleh: T.Elfin W.,[object Object],Pembimbing :  Aryati,[object Object],1,[object Object],Tinjauan Pustaka Penyakit Infeksi,[object Object],1,[object Object]
Pendahuluan,[object Object],2,[object Object],ANGKA KEJADIAN DAN INSIDEN,[object Object],DemamBerdarah Dengue (DBD),[object Object],TH. 2008,[object Object],DinkesTk.IJatim,[object Object],2.145 orang,[object Object], 10 org meninggal,[object Object], 75,50/100.000 penduduk,[object Object], CFR 0,47 %,[object Object],16.589 orang,[object Object],165 org meninggal,[object Object], 44,68 /100.000 penduduk,[object Object], CFR 0,99 %,[object Object],      Jatim,[object Object],     Surabaya,[object Object],2,[object Object]
Sulit,[object Object],diagnosis,[object Object],Tidakkhas,[object Object],Manifestasi,[object Object],klinis,[object Object],Pendahuluan … ,[object Object],Infeksi virus dengue,[object Object],penyakit flu, demam tifoid, demam ,[object Object],chikungunya, leptospirosis, malaria,[object Object],Peran NS1 dengue,[object Object],Terutamapadamasaawaldemam (3-4 hari),[object Object],Beragam : asimtomatik, undifferentiated febrile illness, demam dengue,  demam berdarah dengue (DBD) ,perembesan plasmasyok hipovolemik (SSD),kematian,[object Object],Manifestasi ,[object Object],laboratoris ,[object Object],Trombositopenia ringan sampai dengan berat, ,[object Object],berbagai kombinasi kehadiran IgG dan IgM dan variasi kadar sitokin. ,[object Object],3,[object Object],3,[object Object]
4,[object Object],DEN 3,[object Object],Virus dengue,[object Object],DEN 2,[object Object],DEN 1,[object Object],DEN 4,[object Object],Struktur virus dengue,[object Object],4,[object Object]
Struktur Virus dengue… ,[object Object],5,[object Object],Gambar . Sketsa Genom RNA Virus Dengue.,[object Object],Gambar. Sketsa Virion Virus Dengue,[object Object],5,[object Object]
Struktur Virus dengue… ,[object Object],glikoprotein 46-50 kDa ,[object Object],terdapat di  intraselular, permukaan sel (membrane-associated /mNS1 )  & secreted  form (sNS1),[object Object],bentuk homodimer, partially hydrophobic nature,[object Object],bukan bagian dari struktur virus,[object Object],diekspresikan pada permukaan sel yang terinfeksi,[object Object], 1 dari 7 protein NS yang dihasilkan selama replikasi virus,[object Object],protein  yang disekresikan melalui cellular secretory pathway ke permukaan sel,[object Object],6,[object Object],antigen NS1 dengue,[object Object],6,[object Object]
7,[object Object],Gambar: Siklus hidup virus dengue dalam sel.,[object Object],Role of T cells, cytokines and antibody in dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever. Rev. Med. Virol. 2006; 16: 263–275.,[object Object]
8,[object Object],Struktur Virus dengue… ,[object Object],tidak menunjukkan perbedaan pada infeksi primer maupun sekunder, dan beberapa kasus masih (+) pada fase konvalesen ,[object Object],marker deteksi dini infeksi dengue primer-sekunder,[object Object],Antigen NS1,[object Object],ditemukan dalam sirkulasi darah selama fase akut infeksi virus dengue,[object Object],protein non-struktural yang disekresikan di permukaan sel terinfeksi,[object Object],8,[object Object]
Keuntungan  pemeriksaan antigen NS1  deteksi infeksi dengue pada fase awal demam (hari ke-1 sampai ke-9 sakit), tanpa menunggu terbentuknya antibodi.,[object Object],Sensitivitas pemeriksaan NS1 (88,7%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan kultur virus (68,1%) dan RT-PCR (66,7%). ,[object Object],Pemeriksaan IgG dan IgM antidengue tetap diperlukan untuk membedakan infeksi primer atau infeksi sekunder,[object Object],9,[object Object],9,[object Object]
Patogenesis,[object Object],Virus dengue masuk ke dalam tubuh manusia lewat gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegypti atau Aedes albopictus. Organ sasaran dari virus adalah organ RES meliputi sel kupffer hepar, endotel pembuluh darah, nodus limfaticus, sumsum tulang, serta paru-paru. Dalam peredaran darah, virus tersebut akan difagosit oleh sel monosit perifer.,[object Object],10,[object Object],10,[object Object]
11,[object Object],Gambar:  Imunopatogenesis dari DHF. ,[object Object],Immunopathological mechanisms in dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever,[object Object],                                                                  Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 2006, 19:429–436,[object Object]
12,[object Object],ManifestasiKlinisInfeksi Virus Dengue,[object Object],Infeksi Virus Dengue,[object Object],Asimtomatik,[object Object],Simtomatik,[object Object],Demam Dengue,[object Object],Demamtidakspesifik,[object Object],Perdarahan (-) ,[object Object],Perdarahan (+) ,[object Object],Syok (+),[object Object],Syok (-) ,[object Object],DD,[object Object],DBD,[object Object],12,[object Object]
Gambar : Kurva saddle back fever,[object Object],13,[object Object],13,[object Object]
Diagnosis,[object Object],14,[object Object],14,[object Object]
Diagnosis,[object Object],15,[object Object],15,[object Object]
Diagnosis…,[object Object],16,[object Object],Derajatberatringannyamanifestasiklinis,[object Object],16,[object Object]
Pemeriksaan Antigen NS1,[object Object],Pemeriksaan yang cepat, sensitif dan spesifik diperlukan untuk mendiagnosis demam dengue selama fase demam,[object Object],Sensitivitas 93,4%  dan spesifisitas 100 %  (Kurasamy, 2006),[object Object],Sensitivitas 63 %  dan spesifisitas 100%  (Blacksell, 2008),[object Object],17,[object Object],17,[object Object]
Kit Pemeriksaan NS1,[object Object],1,[object Object],3,[object Object],2,[object Object],Panbio,[object Object],SD Diagnostik,[object Object],Biorad,[object Object],18,[object Object],18,[object Object]
Pemeriksaan Antigen NS1 Metode ELISA ,[object Object],NS1 antigen-capture ELISA,[object Object],Prinsip pemeriksaan:  one-step sandwich ELISA dengan serum atau plasma penderita. ,[object Object],Menggunakan Monoclonal antibody (Mab) murine sebagai capture. ,[object Object],Jika terdapat antigen NS1  pada sampel, akan terbentuk komplek imun Mab-NS1-Mab/ peroksidase.,[object Object],19,[object Object],19,[object Object]
20,[object Object],Prosedur pemeriksaan antigen NS1 dengue (contoh: Platelia TM  dari BIO-Rad).,[object Object],20,[object Object]
21,[object Object],Pemeriksaan NS1 denganImmuno Chromatography Test,[object Object],           A                                 B                                     C                                                D,[object Object], Serum 50µL                  Buffer 1 tetes                    masukkan strip                         tunggu 15 menit,[object Object],Gambar . Prosedur pemeriksaan Dengue NS1 Ag STRIP,[object Object],21,[object Object]
Kesimpulan,[object Object],22,[object Object],22,[object Object]
23,[object Object],Marketing Diagram,[object Object],Add Your Text,[object Object],Text,[object Object],Terima kasih,[object Object],Add Your Text,[object Object],Text,[object Object],Add Your Text,[object Object],Text,[object Object],Add Your Text,[object Object],Text,[object Object],Add Your Text,[object Object],Text,[object Object],23,[object Object]
24,[object Object],Structural proteomics of dengue virus.  ,[object Object],Current Opinion in Microbiology 2008, 11:369–377,[object Object],24,[object Object]
25,[object Object],Figure: Colour-enhanced transmission electron micrograph of dengue virus.,[object Object],Severe dengue: the need for new case definitions. Lancet Infect Dis 2006; 6:  297–302,[object Object]
Gambar 5. Struktur Virion Virus dengue dan konfirmasi protein prM , E,[object Object],26,[object Object],26,[object Object]
1,[object Object],1,[object Object],1,[object Object],1,[object Object],1,[object Object],Homologous Antibodies Form ,[object Object],Non-infectious Complexes,[object Object],Dengue 1 virus ,[object Object],Neutralizing antibody to Dengue 1 virus ,[object Object],Non-neutralizing antibody,[object Object],Complex formed by neutralizing antibody and virus,[object Object],27,[object Object],27,[object Object]
2,[object Object],2,[object Object],2,[object Object],2,[object Object],2,[object Object],2,[object Object],Heterologous Antibodies Form Infectious Complexes,[object Object],Dengue 2 virus ,[object Object],Non-neutralizing antibody to Dengue 1 virus ,[object Object],Complex formed by non-neutralizing antibody and virus,[object Object],28,[object Object],28,[object Object]
2,[object Object],2,[object Object],2,[object Object],2,[object Object],2,[object Object],2,[object Object],2,[object Object],2,[object Object],2,[object Object],2,[object Object],2,[object Object],2,[object Object],Heterologous Complexes Enter More Monocytes, Where Virus Replicates,[object Object],Dengue 2 virus ,[object Object],29,[object Object],Non-neutralizing antibody,[object Object],Complex formed by non-neutralizing  antibody and Dengue 2 virus,[object Object],29,[object Object]
30,[object Object],Dengue,[object Object],Derajatkeparahan (WHO) ,[object Object],Demam,[object Object],Perdarahan,[object Object],Permeabilitas pembuluh darah meningkat,[object Object],Kerusakan hemostasis,[object Object],I,[object Object],Trombositopenia,[object Object],Coagulopathy,[object Object], Plasma Leakage,[object Object],Hemokonsentrasi,[object Object],II,[object Object],Hipovolemik,[object Object],  perdarahan,[object Object],Circulatory colapase,[object Object],III,[object Object],Syok,[object Object],IV,[object Object],   meninggal,[object Object],Gambar . Derajat keparahan infeksi dengue,[object Object],30,[object Object]
31,[object Object],31,[object Object]
32,[object Object],Dengue haemorrhagic fever. Diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control. SECOND EDITION. World Health Organization. Geneva 1997,[object Object],32,[object Object]
33,[object Object],33,[object Object]
34,[object Object]
35,[object Object]
36,[object Object]
37,[object Object],Schema for the differential diagnosis of dengue-like diseases based on clinical dengue illness day,[object Object],Military Preventive Medicine: Mobilization and Deployment, Volume 2,[object Object],37,[object Object]
38,[object Object],VIRUSES AND HUMAN  DISEASE 2002. JAMES H. STRAUSS.  ELLEN G. STRAUSS. Division of Biology california Institute of Technology Pasadena, California,[object Object]
39,[object Object],Dengue viral infections. Postgrad Med J 2004;80:588–601.        ,[object Object]
40,[object Object],Dengue viral infections. Postgrad Med J 2004;80:588–601.        ,[object Object]
41,[object Object]
42,[object Object],Macrophage & dengue virus: Friend or foe? Indian J Med Res 124, July 2006, pp 23-40,[object Object]
43,[object Object]
44,[object Object],Macrophage & dengue virus: Friend or foe? Indian J Med Res 124, July 2006, pp 23-40,[object Object]
45,[object Object]
46,[object Object]
47,[object Object],Rev. Med. Virol. 2006; 16: 263–275.,[object Object]
48,[object Object],Pathogenesis of dengue virus infection. DENV initially infects a cell of the dendritic cell/macrophage/monocyteline (reviewed in reference 5) via receptor-mediated endocytosis and/or enhanced uptake via antibody-virus complexes attached to Fcγreceptors (reviewed in references 5 and 73). TNF-α(22, 52) and NO (24, 141) are produced primarily by infected monocytes/macrophages and activate endothelial cells,  which can contribute to increased vascular permeability (reviewed in reference 17). Changes in vascular permeability in DENV infections have classically been measured by monitoring levels of albumin in the plasma (195). IFN-γis produced primarily by NK and CD8+ T cells and activates macrophages as well as CD4+ T cells (17). High levels of DENV and sNS1 circulate in the bloodstream (9, 114), and both have been shown to circulate as immune complexes as well. FcγR, Fc gamma receptor,[object Object],Recent Advances in Deciphering Viral and Host Determinants of Dengue Virus Replication and Pathogenesis. JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Dec. 2006, p. 11418–11431,[object Object]
49,[object Object],The early contact of DV with the host. DV enters through skin during the mosquito feeding, and DCs are the prime immune cells at the early times of dengue infection. Infected DCs into the dermis migrate to regional lymph nodes along with their maturation process. Innate Immune Responses to Dengue Virus. Navarro-Sa ´nchez et al. /Archives of Medical Research 36 (2005) 425–435 ,[object Object]
50,[object Object],Figure . Innate immune encounter upon virus injection in the capillary vessel. There are several immune-related components circulated in the capillary, which is surrounded by multiple cell layers. The enlarged circle indicates the mosquito’s probing site. Prior to the feeding process,mosquito saliva-containing factors (e.g., apyrases) and virus are released into the blood stream. A color figure is available in the online version. ,[object Object],Alternate Hypothesis on the Pathogenesis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)/ Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) in Dengue Virus Infection. MINIREVIEW. Accepted October 14, 2007.,[object Object]
51,[object Object],MINIREVIEW. ,[object Object],Accepted October 14, 2007.,[object Object]
52,[object Object],A hypothetical model of autoimmunity in dengue pathogenesis. Severe thrombocytopenia, plasma leakage, bleeding tendency, and hepatomegaly are the hallmarks of DHF/DSS. Viral pathogenesis and immunopathogenesis of DV infection are the causes of DHF/DSS in DV infection. Increased virus load by ADE and virus variation may directly cause an effect. In addition, immunopathogenesis by DV-induced inflammatory activation and autoimmunity may be involved in dengue pathogenesis. Our findings suggest that a mechanism of molecular mimicry is responsible for the induction of autoimmunity in DV infection.   Autoimmune Pathogenesis in Dengue Virus Infection. VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY. Volume 19, Number 2, 2006,[object Object]
53,[object Object],Dengue viral infections. G N Malavige, S Fernando, D J Fernando, S L Seneviratne Postgrad Med J 2004;80:588–601.,[object Object]
54,[object Object],Dengue: an escalating problem. BMJ 2002;324:1563–6 ,[object Object]
55,[object Object],VIRUSES AND HUMAN  DISEASE. JAMES H. STRAUSS.  ELLEN G. STRAUSS. Division of Biology california Institute of Technology Pasadena, California,[object Object]
56,[object Object]
57,[object Object],Report of  the Scientific Working Group on Dengue,  2006 ,[object Object]
58,[object Object],www.thelancet.com   Vol 370   November 10, 2007 ,[object Object]
59,[object Object],Dengue: an arthropod-borne disease of global importance. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis (2004) 23: 425–433,[object Object]
60,[object Object],Immune mediated and inherited defences against flaviviruse. Clinical and Diagnostic Virology 10 (1998) 129–139  ,[object Object]
61,[object Object],Dengue viral infections. Postgrad Med J 2004;80:588–601.        ,[object Object]
62,[object Object],                      Atypical manifestations of dengue. ,[object Object],Tropical Medicine and International Health. volume 12 no 9 pp 1087–1095 september 2007 ,[object Object]
63,[object Object],Dengue hemorrhagic fever with special emphasis on immunopathogenesis.,[object Object],Comparative Immunology, Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 30 (2007) 329–340,[object Object]
64,[object Object]
65,[object Object],Endothelial cells in infection. Normal endothelium produces inhibitors of blood coagulation such as thrombomodulin, heparan sulphate, and plasminogen activators. Non-thrombogenic properties are lost when endothelial cells are stimulated by microorganisms (dengue virus?) and/or mediators (ie, cytokines). Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and tissue factor (TF), the critical inducer of in vivo coagulation, are expressed. F1 and F2=prothrombin fragments 1 and 2; VIIa/TF=activated factor VII/tissue factor complex; Xa/Va=activated factor X/activated factor V complex; IXa/VIIIa=activated factor IX/activated VIII complex.,[object Object]
Thank You !,[object Object],66,[object Object],66,[object Object]

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Kimia klinik tutor 1
Kimia klinik tutor 1Kimia klinik tutor 1
Kimia klinik tutor 1
 
Aki
AkiAki
Aki
 
Diagnosis dan manajemen toksoplasmosis pada ibu hamil
Diagnosis dan manajemen toksoplasmosis pada ibu hamilDiagnosis dan manajemen toksoplasmosis pada ibu hamil
Diagnosis dan manajemen toksoplasmosis pada ibu hamil
 
Sistem komplemen
Sistem komplemenSistem komplemen
Sistem komplemen
 
Th5
Th5Th5
Th5
 
FLORA NORMAL
FLORA NORMALFLORA NORMAL
FLORA NORMAL
 
Penatalaksanaan gagal nafas pada pasien morbid obesitas dengan penyulit ppok,...
Penatalaksanaan gagal nafas pada pasien morbid obesitas dengan penyulit ppok,...Penatalaksanaan gagal nafas pada pasien morbid obesitas dengan penyulit ppok,...
Penatalaksanaan gagal nafas pada pasien morbid obesitas dengan penyulit ppok,...
 
Penanganan, penyimpanan, dan pemusnahan sampel
Penanganan, penyimpanan, dan pemusnahan sampelPenanganan, penyimpanan, dan pemusnahan sampel
Penanganan, penyimpanan, dan pemusnahan sampel
 
Rheumatoid factor
Rheumatoid factorRheumatoid factor
Rheumatoid factor
 
Hemostasis uii
Hemostasis uiiHemostasis uii
Hemostasis uii
 
Thalasemia Case Report
Thalasemia Case ReportThalasemia Case Report
Thalasemia Case Report
 
Guideline stroke-2011
Guideline stroke-2011Guideline stroke-2011
Guideline stroke-2011
 
PRESENTATION kondiloma akuminata
PRESENTATION kondiloma akuminataPRESENTATION kondiloma akuminata
PRESENTATION kondiloma akuminata
 
Soal soal hematologi
Soal soal hematologiSoal soal hematologi
Soal soal hematologi
 
Autoimun dan Hipersensitivitas
Autoimun dan HipersensitivitasAutoimun dan Hipersensitivitas
Autoimun dan Hipersensitivitas
 
Reaksi hipersensitivitas
Reaksi hipersensitivitasReaksi hipersensitivitas
Reaksi hipersensitivitas
 
Kimia klinik tutor 2
Kimia klinik tutor 2Kimia klinik tutor 2
Kimia klinik tutor 2
 
Pemeriksaan (crp) xi tlm
Pemeriksaan (crp) xi tlmPemeriksaan (crp) xi tlm
Pemeriksaan (crp) xi tlm
 
Soal dan Jawaban Bakteriologi
Soal dan Jawaban BakteriologiSoal dan Jawaban Bakteriologi
Soal dan Jawaban Bakteriologi
 
hemostasis dan komponen
hemostasis dan komponenhemostasis dan komponen
hemostasis dan komponen
 

Ähnlich wie Rm2

PNAS-2012-Schoggins-14610-5
PNAS-2012-Schoggins-14610-5PNAS-2012-Schoggins-14610-5
PNAS-2012-Schoggins-14610-5Michael Feulner
 
Human retroviruses
Human retroviruses Human retroviruses
Human retroviruses ankit
 
Recent advances in neurotropic viruses
Recent advances in neurotropic virusesRecent advances in neurotropic viruses
Recent advances in neurotropic virusesAppy Akshay Agarwal
 
ВИЧ-инфекция, воспаление и метаболические нарушения-связь с сердечно-сосудист...
ВИЧ-инфекция, воспаление и метаболические нарушения-связь с сердечно-сосудист...ВИЧ-инфекция, воспаление и метаболические нарушения-связь с сердечно-сосудист...
ВИЧ-инфекция, воспаление и метаболические нарушения-связь с сердечно-сосудист...hivlifeinfo
 
横断性脊髄炎 多発性硬化症について
横断性脊髄炎 多発性硬化症について横断性脊髄炎 多発性硬化症について
横断性脊髄炎 多発性硬化症についてKatsushige Takagishi
 
APPROACH OF MENINGITIS (1).pptx
APPROACH OF MENINGITIS (1).pptxAPPROACH OF MENINGITIS (1).pptx
APPROACH OF MENINGITIS (1).pptxSoubhagyaDas27
 
Jay Fishman: indirect effects and viral infections: Infection in Transplantation
Jay Fishman: indirect effects and viral infections: Infection in TransplantationJay Fishman: indirect effects and viral infections: Infection in Transplantation
Jay Fishman: indirect effects and viral infections: Infection in TransplantationVall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR)
 
Dengue- WS on vector borne viral infection 2011
Dengue- WS on vector borne viral infection 2011Dengue- WS on vector borne viral infection 2011
Dengue- WS on vector borne viral infection 2011javed.khalil
 
Dengue_TOT_Virology,_Pathogenesis_Lab_Diag._2023_.pdf
Dengue_TOT_Virology,_Pathogenesis_Lab_Diag._2023_.pdfDengue_TOT_Virology,_Pathogenesis_Lab_Diag._2023_.pdf
Dengue_TOT_Virology,_Pathogenesis_Lab_Diag._2023_.pdfguddanjain12
 
Dengue Virus: Genomic Insights, Pathogenic Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Approa...
Dengue Virus: Genomic Insights, Pathogenic Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Approa...Dengue Virus: Genomic Insights, Pathogenic Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Approa...
Dengue Virus: Genomic Insights, Pathogenic Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Approa...SindhBiotech
 
Protein engineering presentation
Protein engineering presentationProtein engineering presentation
Protein engineering presentationHuzaifa Ummar
 
Dengue fever pravin yerpude
Dengue fever pravin yerpudeDengue fever pravin yerpude
Dengue fever pravin yerpudedrkeertijogdand
 
A Mini-Review On Dengue
A Mini-Review On DengueA Mini-Review On Dengue
A Mini-Review On DengueLori Mitchell
 
CNS Infections Siddiqui
CNS Infections SiddiquiCNS Infections Siddiqui
CNS Infections Siddiquitjsiddiqui
 

Ähnlich wie Rm2 (20)

PNAS-2012-Schoggins-14610-5
PNAS-2012-Schoggins-14610-5PNAS-2012-Schoggins-14610-5
PNAS-2012-Schoggins-14610-5
 
Human retroviruses
Human retroviruses Human retroviruses
Human retroviruses
 
Recent advances in neurotropic viruses
Recent advances in neurotropic virusesRecent advances in neurotropic viruses
Recent advances in neurotropic viruses
 
Dengue
DengueDengue
Dengue
 
Zoonotic Viral Disease.pptx
Zoonotic Viral Disease.pptxZoonotic Viral Disease.pptx
Zoonotic Viral Disease.pptx
 
ВИЧ-инфекция, воспаление и метаболические нарушения-связь с сердечно-сосудист...
ВИЧ-инфекция, воспаление и метаболические нарушения-связь с сердечно-сосудист...ВИЧ-инфекция, воспаление и метаболические нарушения-связь с сердечно-сосудист...
ВИЧ-инфекция, воспаление и метаболические нарушения-связь с сердечно-сосудист...
 
横断性脊髄炎 多発性硬化症について
横断性脊髄炎 多発性硬化症について横断性脊髄炎 多発性硬化症について
横断性脊髄炎 多発性硬化症について
 
APPROACH OF MENINGITIS (1).pptx
APPROACH OF MENINGITIS (1).pptxAPPROACH OF MENINGITIS (1).pptx
APPROACH OF MENINGITIS (1).pptx
 
Advances in Anti-Dengue Virus Research
Advances in Anti-Dengue Virus ResearchAdvances in Anti-Dengue Virus Research
Advances in Anti-Dengue Virus Research
 
DF27102016_Rowida
DF27102016_RowidaDF27102016_Rowida
DF27102016_Rowida
 
Jay Fishman: indirect effects and viral infections: Infection in Transplantation
Jay Fishman: indirect effects and viral infections: Infection in TransplantationJay Fishman: indirect effects and viral infections: Infection in Transplantation
Jay Fishman: indirect effects and viral infections: Infection in Transplantation
 
Dengue awareness
Dengue awarenessDengue awareness
Dengue awareness
 
Dengue- WS on vector borne viral infection 2011
Dengue- WS on vector borne viral infection 2011Dengue- WS on vector borne viral infection 2011
Dengue- WS on vector borne viral infection 2011
 
Dengue_TOT_Virology,_Pathogenesis_Lab_Diag._2023_.pdf
Dengue_TOT_Virology,_Pathogenesis_Lab_Diag._2023_.pdfDengue_TOT_Virology,_Pathogenesis_Lab_Diag._2023_.pdf
Dengue_TOT_Virology,_Pathogenesis_Lab_Diag._2023_.pdf
 
Dengue
DengueDengue
Dengue
 
Dengue Virus: Genomic Insights, Pathogenic Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Approa...
Dengue Virus: Genomic Insights, Pathogenic Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Approa...Dengue Virus: Genomic Insights, Pathogenic Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Approa...
Dengue Virus: Genomic Insights, Pathogenic Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Approa...
 
Protein engineering presentation
Protein engineering presentationProtein engineering presentation
Protein engineering presentation
 
Dengue fever pravin yerpude
Dengue fever pravin yerpudeDengue fever pravin yerpude
Dengue fever pravin yerpude
 
A Mini-Review On Dengue
A Mini-Review On DengueA Mini-Review On Dengue
A Mini-Review On Dengue
 
CNS Infections Siddiqui
CNS Infections SiddiquiCNS Infections Siddiqui
CNS Infections Siddiqui
 

Mehr von andreei

Mehr von andreei (20)

Tibaru18
Tibaru18Tibaru18
Tibaru18
 
Tibaru17
Tibaru17Tibaru17
Tibaru17
 
Tibaru16
Tibaru16Tibaru16
Tibaru16
 
Tibaru15
Tibaru15Tibaru15
Tibaru15
 
Tibaru14
Tibaru14Tibaru14
Tibaru14
 
Tibaru13
Tibaru13Tibaru13
Tibaru13
 
Tibaru12
Tibaru12Tibaru12
Tibaru12
 
Tibaru11
Tibaru11Tibaru11
Tibaru11
 
Tibaru9
Tibaru9Tibaru9
Tibaru9
 
Tibaru11
Tibaru11Tibaru11
Tibaru11
 
Tibaru10
Tibaru10Tibaru10
Tibaru10
 
Tibaru8
Tibaru8Tibaru8
Tibaru8
 
Tibaru7
Tibaru7Tibaru7
Tibaru7
 
Refhemabaru8
Refhemabaru8Refhemabaru8
Refhemabaru8
 
Refhemabaru7
Refhemabaru7Refhemabaru7
Refhemabaru7
 
Refhemabaru6
Refhemabaru6Refhemabaru6
Refhemabaru6
 
Refhemabaru5
Refhemabaru5Refhemabaru5
Refhemabaru5
 
12
1212
12
 
12
1212
12
 
11
1111
11
 

Rm2

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.
  • 52.
  • 53.
  • 54.
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57.
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 60.
  • 61.
  • 62.
  • 63.
  • 64.
  • 65.
  • 66.