2. Artesia Fistulae Stenosis
causes the esophagus an abnormal a gradual narrowing
to end in a blind- connection (fistula) of the tube that
ended pouch rather between the carries food to the
than connecting esophagus and the stomach. It occurs
normally to the trachea when scar tissue
stomach. builds up in the tube.

3. a defect or hole in the diaphragm that
allows the abdominal contents to move
into the chest cavity

4. Types
Bladder
Cardiac
Colonic
Kommerell
Duodenal and Jejunal
Epiphrenic
Gastric
Killian-Jamison
Meckels - a true congenital diverticulum, is a small
bulge in the small intestine present at birth. It is a
vestigial remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct
(also called the vitelline duct or yolk stalk), and is
the most frequent malformation of the
gastrointestinal tract
Rokitansky-Aschoff
Traction esophageal
Urethral
Zenker’s

5. a condition that causes severe projectile non-bilious vomiting in the first
few months of life. There is narrowing (stenosis) of the opening from the
stomach to the first part of the small intestine known as the duodenum,
due to enlargement (hypertrophy) of the muscle surrounding this opening
(the pylorus, meaning "gate"), which spasms when the stomach empties.

6. dilatation and
hypertrophy of the
colon
Hirschsprung disease Acquired Toxic
a disorder of the gut which colonic enlargement an acute form of colonic
is caused by the failure of associated with chronic distension. It is
the neural crest cells to constipation, but with characterized by a very
migrate completely during normal ganglion cell dilated colon (megacolon),
fetal development of the innervation. accompanied by abdominal
intestine, eventually distension (bloating), and
forming Auerbach's plexus sometimes fever, abdominal
The affected segment of the pain, or shock.
colon fails to relax, causing
an obstruction

7. The earliest stools of an
infant. Unlike later feces,
meconium is composed of
materials ingested during
the time the infant spends
in the uterus: intestinal
epithelial cells, lanugo,
mucus, amniotic fluid, bile,
and water.

8. It is characterized by
incomplete LES
relaxation, increased LES
tone, and lack of
peristalsis of the
esophagus (inability of
smooth muscle to move
food down the
esophagus)

9. Gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD) is a condition
in which the stomach
contents (food or liquid) leak
backwards from the stomach
into the esophagus (the tube
from the mouth to the
stomach). This action can
irritate the esophagus,
causing heartburn and other
symptoms.

10. Normal tissue lining the esophagus -- the tube
that carries food from the mouth to the
stomach -- changes to tissue that resembles
the lining of the intestine. About 10%-15% of
people with chronic symptoms of GERD
develop Barrett's esophagus.

11. a type of chronic
stomach inflammation
due to the action of the
immune system against
stomach tissue and its
components. It causes
destruction of the
stomach tissue with
progressive atrophy of
the stomach.
AKA
Autoimmune atrophic gastritis
Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis

12. Stomach
polyps
Mass of form in
cells that response
form on to
the inside inflamma
of the tion or
stomach other
making damage
polyps. to the
lining of
the
stomach.

13. Any blockage or narrowing of the arteries feeding
blood to the bowels can result in ischemic bowel
disease. Possible blockages include tumors and
blood clots, while the narrowing happens through
a process called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis
begins when the artery's inner wall becomes
damaged. Possible culprits include smoking,
infection, diabetes and high blood pressure. The
arterial wall will try to repair itself, but in the
process cholesterol builds up on the artery's inside
surface. As this "plaque" becomes thicker, the
artery becomes narrower and blood flow is
reduced. It is at this point that ischemic bowel
syndrome enters the picture.

14. A small vascular malformation of the gut. It is
a common cause of otherwise unexplained
gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia. Lesions
are often multiple, and frequently involve the
cecum or ascending colon, although they can
occur at other places. Treatment may be with
endoscopic interventions, medication, or
occasionally surgery.

15. a condition characterized by inflammation of
the appendix. It is classified as a medical
emergency and many cases require removal of
the inflamed appendix, either by laparotomy
or laparoscopy. Untreated, mortality is high,
mainly because of the risk of rupture leading
to peritonitis and shock.

16. an inflammation of the peritoneum, the thin tissue that
lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers most of
the abdominal organs. Peritonitis may be localized or
generalized, and may result from infection (often due to
rupture of a hollow organ as may occur in abdominal
trauma or appendicitis) or from a non-infectious process.

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