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PROTEÇÃO DIFERENCIAL:
RESTRIÇÃO POR HARMÔNICOS
RELÉS DIFERENCIAIS COM RESTRIÇÃO PERCENTUAL
E POR HARMÔNICOS
ESSES RELÉS SÃO OS MAIS EMPREGADOS NOS
ESQUEMAS DE PROTEÇÃO DIFERENCIAL,
INDEPENDENTEMENTE DA GRANDEZA DO SISTEMA OU
DE SUA RESPONSABILIDADE. UTILIZAM, ALÉM DA
RESTRIÇÃO PERCENTUAL, AS HARMÔNICAS
PRESENTES NA CORRENTE DE MAGNETIZAÇÃO DOS
TRANSFORMADORES DURANTE A SUA ENERGIZAÇÃO,
A FIM DE BLOQUEAR A SUA OPERAÇÃO OU ELEVAR O
VALOR DA CORRENTE DE ACIONAMENTO.
• O EMPREGO DESSES RELÉS É JUSTIFICADO
PELAS SEGUINTES RAZÕES:
ELIMINA A POSSIBILIDADE DE OPERAÇÃO DO
DISJUNTOR DURANTE A ENERGIZAÇÃO DO
TRANSFORMADOR OU MESMO DURANTE O SEU
PERÍODO DE FUNCIONAMENTO NORMAL;
APRESENTA UM TEMPO DE OPERAÇÃO CERCA
DE CINCO VEZES MAIOR DO QUE OS RELÉS SEM
RESTRIÇÃO;
APRESENTA CORRENTE DE OPERAÇÃO CERCA
DE 2,5 VEZES MENOR DO QUE OS RELÉS SEM
RESTRIÇÃO.
A BOBINA DE RESTRIÇÃO, BR, DO RELÉ APRESENTA, EM
GERAL, OS SEGUINTES VALORES DE PERCENTAGEM DE
HARMÔNICOS QUE CONSEGUE RESTRINGIR, OU SEJA:
2ª HARMÔNICA: 24%;
3ª HARMÔNICA: 23%;
5ª HARMÔNICA: 22%;
7ª HARMÔNICA: 21%.
A CORRENTE DE ACIONAMENTO DO RELÉ DIFERENCIAL É
DIRETAMENTE PROPORCIONAL AO TAPE ESCOLHIDO. QUANDO O
CIRCUITO DE RESTRIÇÃO ESTIVER DESENERGIZADO, A CORRENTE
DE ACIONAMENTO OCORRE, EM MÉDIA, A 40% DO VALOR DA
CORRENTE DO TAPE UTILIZADO, OBSERVANDO QUE, EM GERAL, A
UNIDADE INSTANTÂNEA QUANDO EXISTIR NÃO OFERECE NENHUMA
RESTRIÇÃO À SUA OPERAÇÃO. OS RELÉS DIFERENCIAIS
ELETROMECÂNICOS SÃO FABRICADOS EM UNIDADES
MONOFÁSICAS, ENQUANTO OS MESMOS RELÉS NA VERSÃO
ELETRÔNICA SÃO NORMALMENTE COMERCIALIZADOS EM UNIDADES
CONTENDO A PROTEÇÃO DAS TRÊS FASES.

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Restrições harmônicas

  • 2. RELÉS DIFERENCIAIS COM RESTRIÇÃO PERCENTUAL E POR HARMÔNICOS ESSES RELÉS SÃO OS MAIS EMPREGADOS NOS ESQUEMAS DE PROTEÇÃO DIFERENCIAL, INDEPENDENTEMENTE DA GRANDEZA DO SISTEMA OU DE SUA RESPONSABILIDADE. UTILIZAM, ALÉM DA RESTRIÇÃO PERCENTUAL, AS HARMÔNICAS PRESENTES NA CORRENTE DE MAGNETIZAÇÃO DOS TRANSFORMADORES DURANTE A SUA ENERGIZAÇÃO, A FIM DE BLOQUEAR A SUA OPERAÇÃO OU ELEVAR O VALOR DA CORRENTE DE ACIONAMENTO.
  • 3. • O EMPREGO DESSES RELÉS É JUSTIFICADO PELAS SEGUINTES RAZÕES: ELIMINA A POSSIBILIDADE DE OPERAÇÃO DO DISJUNTOR DURANTE A ENERGIZAÇÃO DO TRANSFORMADOR OU MESMO DURANTE O SEU PERÍODO DE FUNCIONAMENTO NORMAL; APRESENTA UM TEMPO DE OPERAÇÃO CERCA DE CINCO VEZES MAIOR DO QUE OS RELÉS SEM RESTRIÇÃO; APRESENTA CORRENTE DE OPERAÇÃO CERCA DE 2,5 VEZES MENOR DO QUE OS RELÉS SEM RESTRIÇÃO.
  • 4. A BOBINA DE RESTRIÇÃO, BR, DO RELÉ APRESENTA, EM GERAL, OS SEGUINTES VALORES DE PERCENTAGEM DE HARMÔNICOS QUE CONSEGUE RESTRINGIR, OU SEJA: 2ª HARMÔNICA: 24%; 3ª HARMÔNICA: 23%; 5ª HARMÔNICA: 22%; 7ª HARMÔNICA: 21%.
  • 5. A CORRENTE DE ACIONAMENTO DO RELÉ DIFERENCIAL É DIRETAMENTE PROPORCIONAL AO TAPE ESCOLHIDO. QUANDO O CIRCUITO DE RESTRIÇÃO ESTIVER DESENERGIZADO, A CORRENTE DE ACIONAMENTO OCORRE, EM MÉDIA, A 40% DO VALOR DA CORRENTE DO TAPE UTILIZADO, OBSERVANDO QUE, EM GERAL, A UNIDADE INSTANTÂNEA QUANDO EXISTIR NÃO OFERECE NENHUMA RESTRIÇÃO À SUA OPERAÇÃO. OS RELÉS DIFERENCIAIS ELETROMECÂNICOS SÃO FABRICADOS EM UNIDADES MONOFÁSICAS, ENQUANTO OS MESMOS RELÉS NA VERSÃO ELETRÔNICA SÃO NORMALMENTE COMERCIALIZADOS EM UNIDADES CONTENDO A PROTEÇÃO DAS TRÊS FASES.