1. BASICS OF EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY

2. EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY: deals with effect of various pharmacological agents
studied on different animal species
AIMS :
• Find out the therapeutic agent suitable for human use
• Study the toxicity of the drugs
• Study the mechanism and site of action of drugs
• Pharmacology
PHARMACOLOGY is the science which deals with study of drugs
Discovery of new drugs or to study the actions of existing drugs
Preclinical
Clinical
Two ways
1) Intact animal study – invivo
2) isolated organ study – invitro Phase -1,2,3,4

3. Laboratory animals – breaded and handled in laboratory
•Mice
•Rat
•Guinea pig
•Rabbits
RAT
species Rattus norvegicus
Wister starin is commonly used
Other strains –
Experimental pharmacology – great imp
Experimenter should take outmost care
Sacrificing - humane
Euthanasia – painless killing

4. •Wistar rat
•Sprague Dawley rat
•Biobreeding rat
•Long-Evans rat
•Zucker rat
•Hairless rats
•RCS rats
•Shaking rat Kawasaki
Wistar rat
Hairless rats
Zucker ratSprague Dawley rat
Genetically
modified
rats

5. ADVANTAGES AND CHARACTERISTICS
• small in size
• drug to be tested required in small quantity
• vomiting center is absent – oral administration can be done
• gall bladder and tonsils are absent
Continuous flow of bile into intestine
This facilitates the study of the drugs acting on bile, cholesterol reabsorbing
ect
• pancreas are diffused therefore difficult to produce panereactomy
• stomach, fundus and pyloric parts are clear lining between them
•Gastric acid secretion is continuous

6. EXPERIMENTAL USE
• psychopharmacological studies
• study of analgesics and anticonvulsants
• bioassay of various hormones, such as insulin, oxytocin, vasopressin
•Study of estrus cycle, mating behavior and lactation
• isolated tissue pre’s
• chronic study
•Gastric acid secretion
• hepatotoxicity studies
• study on mast cells

7. MICE ( Mus musculus)
ADVANTAGES
• Smallest
•Easy to handle
•Cheap
•Less drug required
EXPERIMENTAL USES
• toxicological studies
• teratogenicity studies
• bioassay of insulin’ screening of analgesic and anticonvulsant
•Screening of chemotherapeutic agents
• studies related to genetics and cancer research
• drugs action on CNS
Swiss albino mice are commonly used species
Other strains are – Balb/C and C-57

8. GUINEA PIGS ( CAVIA PORCELLUS )
• docile animals
• highly susceptible to TB and anaphylaxis
•Highly sensitive to histamine, penicillin
•Required exogenous vit c in diet
EXPERIMENTAL USES
• evaluation of bronchodilators
• anaphylactic and immunological studies
• study of histamine and antihistamines
• bioassay of digitalis
• evaluation of local anesthetics
• hearing experiments because of sensitive cochlea
• isolated tissues especially ileum, heart
• study on TB and ascorbic acid metabolism

9. RABBITS (Lupas cuniculus)
• Docile animal
• New Zealand white strains are widely used
• it has huge caceum and long appendix
• enzyme atropine esterase is present in rabbit liver and plasma so it can tolerate large
doses of belladona (atropine)
EXPERIMENTAL USES
• pyrogen testing
• bioassay of anti-diabetic, curareform drugs and sex hormones
• screening of agents affecting capillary permeability
• drugs used in glaucoma
• pharmacokinetic studies
• studies related to antifertility agents
• isolated preparations like heart, duodenum, ileum, pre’s
• study on local anaestetics
•Study on miotic and mydratics

10. FROGS (RANA TIGRINA)
•Most commonly used in physiology, pharmacology and toxicoloty
• used before 200 years
• amphibian animal safe to handle
•Cannot breed in lab
EXPERIMENTAL USES
• isolated preparations, heart, rectus abdominis muscle
• drugs acting on CNS
•Drugs acting on NMJ