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The Unix and GNU command line guide

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anandvaidya
anandvaidya

This document provides a summary of the Unix and GNU/Linux command line. It begins with an overview of files and file systems in Unix, including that everything is treated as a file. It then discusses command line interpreters (shells), and commands for handling files and directories like ls, cd, cp, and rm. It also covers redirecting standard input/output, pipes, and controlling processes. The document is intended as training material and provides a detailed outline of its contents.

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The Unix and GNU / Linux command line ,[object Object],[object Object],Created with OpenOffice.org 2.0
Rights to copy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Best viewed with... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Command memento sheet ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Training Contents (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Training contents (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Training Contents (3) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Training contents (4) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Training contents (5) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
GNU / Linux and Free Software ,[object Object],[object Object]
The Unix and GNU / Linux command line Unix filesystem
Everything is a file ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
File names ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
File paths ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
GNU / Linux filesystem structure (1) ,[object Object],[object Object]
GNU / Linux filesystem structure (2) ,[object Object]
GNU / Linux filesystem structure (3) ,[object Object],[object Object]
The Unix and GNU / Linux command line Shells and file handling
Command line interpreters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Well known shells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
fish: a great new shell ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ls command ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
File name pattern substitutions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Special directories (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Special directories (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The cd and pwd commands ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The cp command ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Smart directory copy with rsync ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
rsync examples (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
rsync examples (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
mv and rm commands ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Creating and removing directories ,[object Object],[object Object]
Displaying file contents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The head and tail commands ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The grep command ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The sort command ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Symbolic links ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Creating symbolic links ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hard links ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Files names and inodes ,[object Object]
File access rights ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Access right constraints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Access rights examples ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
chmod: changing permissions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
More chmod (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
More chmod (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Unix and GNU / Linux command line Standard I/O, redirections, pipes
Standard output ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Standard output redirection examples ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Standard input ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],sort takes its input from the standard input: in this case, what you type in the terminal (ended by [Ctrl][D] )
Pipes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The tee command ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Standard error ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The yes command ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Special devices (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Special devices (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Special devices (3) ,[object Object],[object Object]
The Unix and GNU / Linux command line Task control
Full control on tasks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Processes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Running jobs in background ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Background job control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Job control example ,[object Object],[object Object]
Listing all processes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Live process activity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Killing processes (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Killing processes (2) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Recovering from stuck graphics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sequential commands ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Quoting (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Quoting (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Measuring elapsed time ,[object Object]
Environment variables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Shell variables examples ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Main standard environment variables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Used by lots of applications!
PATH environment variables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PATH usage warning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Alias ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The which command ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
~/.bashrc file ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Command editing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Command history (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Command history (2) ,[object Object],[object Object]
The Unix and GNU / Linux command line Miscellaneous Text editors
Text editors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The nedit text editor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
nedit screenshot
Emacs / Xemacs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
vi ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
vim - vi improved ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
vi basic commands Though vi is extremely powerful, its main 30 commands are easy to learn and are sufficient for 99% of everyone's needs! You can also take the quick tutorial by running vimtutor . Get our vi memento sheet if you didn't get it with this course: http://free-electrons.com/training/intro_unix_linux
GNU nano ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
GNU nano screenshot
The Unix and GNU / Linux command line Miscellaneous Compressing and archiving
Measuring disc usage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Measuring disk space ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Compressing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Archiving (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Archiving (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Extra options in GNU tar ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
7-zip (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
7-zip (2) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Using 7-zip ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],s tandard i nput s tandard o utput
Checking file integrity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Unix and GNU / Linux command line Miscellaneous Printing
Unix printing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Printing commands ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Print job control ,[object Object],[object Object]
Using PostScript and PDF files ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Unix and GNU / Linux command line Miscellaneous Comparing files and directories
Comparing files and directories ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
tkdiff ,[object Object]
kompare ,[object Object]
gvimdiff ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Unix and GNU / Linux command line Miscellaneous Looking for files
The find command ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The locate command ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Unix and GNU / Linux command line Miscellaneous Various commands
Getting information about users ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Changing users ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The wget command ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
wget examples ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Misc commands (1) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Misc commands (2) ,[object Object],[object Object]
The Unix and GNU / Linux command line System administration basics
File ownership ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Shutting down ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Network setup (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Network setup (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Network testing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Network setup summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Name resolution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Creating filesystems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mounting devices (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],mount file structure raw data (file descriptors and file contents)
Mounting devices (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mounting devices (3) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Listing mounted filesystems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Unmounting devices ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Beware of the dark side of root ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Using the root account ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Unix and GNU / Linux command line GNU / Linux: distribution packages
How to find packages ,[object Object],[object Object]
Identifying packages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Information about packages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Unix and GNU / Linux command line Going further
Command help ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Manual pages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Info pages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Searching the Internet for resources (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Searching the Internet for resources (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Training labs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Related documents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How to help ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thanks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Custom Development System integration Embedded Linux demos and prototypes System optimization Linux kernel drivers Application and interface development Free Electrons services Technical Support Development tool and application support Issue investigation and solution follow-up with mainstream developers Help getting started Embedded Linux Training Unix and GNU/Linux basics Linux kernel and drivers development Real-time Linux uClinux Development and profiling tools Lightweight tools for embedded systems Root filesystem creation Audio and multimedia System optimization Consulting Help in decision making System architecture Identification of suitable technologies Managing licensing requirements System design and performance review http://free-electrons.com

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The Unix and GNU command line guide

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  • 11. The Unix and GNU / Linux command line Unix filesystem
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  • 18. The Unix and GNU / Linux command line Shells and file handling
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  • 47. The Unix and GNU / Linux command line Standard I/O, redirections, pipes
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  • 58. The Unix and GNU / Linux command line Task control
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  • 84. The Unix and GNU / Linux command line Miscellaneous Text editors
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  • 91. vi basic commands Though vi is extremely powerful, its main 30 commands are easy to learn and are sufficient for 99% of everyone's needs! You can also take the quick tutorial by running vimtutor . Get our vi memento sheet if you didn't get it with this course: http://free-electrons.com/training/intro_unix_linux
  • 92.
  • 94. The Unix and GNU / Linux command line Miscellaneous Compressing and archiving
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  • 105. The Unix and GNU / Linux command line Miscellaneous Printing
  • 106.
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  • 110. The Unix and GNU / Linux command line Miscellaneous Comparing files and directories
  • 111.
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  • 115. The Unix and GNU / Linux command line Miscellaneous Looking for files
  • 116.
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  • 118. The Unix and GNU / Linux command line Miscellaneous Various commands
  • 119.
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  • 125. The Unix and GNU / Linux command line System administration basics
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  • 141. The Unix and GNU / Linux command line GNU / Linux: distribution packages
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  • 145. The Unix and GNU / Linux command line Going further
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  • 155. Custom Development System integration Embedded Linux demos and prototypes System optimization Linux kernel drivers Application and interface development Free Electrons services Technical Support Development tool and application support Issue investigation and solution follow-up with mainstream developers Help getting started Embedded Linux Training Unix and GNU/Linux basics Linux kernel and drivers development Real-time Linux uClinux Development and profiling tools Lightweight tools for embedded systems Root filesystem creation Audio and multimedia System optimization Consulting Help in decision making System architecture Identification of suitable technologies Managing licensing requirements System design and performance review http://free-electrons.com